ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Zuoguiwan on osteoclast activation induced by breast cancer and its mechanism. MethodsTo simulate breast cancer-induced osteoclastic bone metastasis， RAW264.7 cells were cultured in conditioned medium containing 50% supernatant of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The dosages of Zuoguiwan used in the experiment were sera containing 5% and 10% Zuoguiwan. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase （TRAP） staining was used to detect osteoclast activation. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to measure Cathepsin K secretion from RAW264.7 cells. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of osteocalcin （OCN） and bone sialoprotein （BSP）. Immunoprecipitation was employed to detect the interaction between Runt-related transcription factor 2 （Runx2） and core binding factor β subunit （CBF-β）. Western blot was used to assess the protein expression of Runx2， phosphorylated Runx2 （p-Runx2）， extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 （ERK1/2）， p-ERK1/2， p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， p-p38 MAPK， and CBF-β. ResultsCompared with the blank group， the MDA-MB-231 cell supernatant group showed a significant increase in TRAP-positive cell counts and Cathepsin K secretion. Meanwhile， the expression levels of p-Runx2， Runx2-CBF-β interaction， BSP and OCN mRNA， p-p38 MAPK， and p-ERK1/2 proteins were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the MDA-MB-231 cell supernatant group， Zuoguiwan-containing sera significantly reduced TRAP-positive cell counts and Cathepsin K secretion （P<0.01）， significantly increased p-Runx2， BSP and OCN mRNA expression， as well as p-p38 MAPK and p-ERK1/2 protein levels， and promoted the interaction between Runx2 and CBF-β （P<0.01）. No significant change in Runx2 expression was observed. Compared to the blank group， the BVD-523 group showed significantly lower expression of p-p38 MAPK and p-ERK1/2 proteins （P<0.01）. Compared with the BVD-523 group， both low and high concentration Zuoguiwan-containing sera groups showed significantly higher p-p38 MAPK expression （P<0.01）， and the high concentration Zuoguiwan group also exhibited a significant increase in p-ERK1/2 expression （P<0.01）， while no statistical difference was found in the low-dose group. ConclusionZuoguiwan inhibits osteoclast activation by inducing phosphorylation of the key transcriptional regulator Runx2 in intra-osteoclast bone formation， and this process is closely associated with the activation of the p38 MAPK/ERK signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological and genetic features of confined placental mosaicism (CPM) and its effect on fetal intrauterine growth.Methods:Fourteen CPM cases of Haidian Maternal and Children Health Hospital were collected from May 2018 to March 2022. Clinicopathological examination on placental specimens and molecular genetic analysis were performed.Results:The age of the parturient women ranged from 27 to 34 years, with an average age of (30.0±3.54) years. The gestational weeks ranged from 35 +1 to 41 +2 weeks. There were 4 premature births and 10 term births, among which 6 were female and 8 were male fetuses. Nine cases (9/14) had adverse pregnancy outcomes, including 7 cases of fetal growth restriction. The weight of CPM placenta decreased, with 6 cases below the 10th percentile of weight standards and 5 cases between the 10th and 25th percentile. All 14 CPM placental specimens showed morphological changes of perfusion dysfunction to varying degrees, with mainly placental-maternal vascular malperfusion followed by placental-fetal vascular malperfusion. The mosaic chromosomes in different CPM cases varied, with 16-trisomy/monosomy mosaicism being the most common followed by 7-trisomy and 21-trisomy/monosomy mosaicism. The mosaic proportion was unequal in different parts of the same CPM placenta, with the mosaic proportion of umbilical cord, fetal membranes, fetal surface, maternal surface, and edge ranging from 1% to 70%. Conclusions:The mosaic chromosomes in different CPM cases vary, and the mosaic proportion is unequal in different parts of the same CPM placenta. The pathological morphology is mainly manifested as perfusion dysfunction, which can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as fetal growth restriction and preterm birth.

Objective:To investigate the current status of literature reading report and clinical research ability among professional postgraduate students in pediatrics, and to provide a reference for cultivating high-quality pediatric talents.Methods:A total of 91 professional postgraduate students majoring in pediatrics were selected as research subjects from five affiliated hospitals of Zhengzhou University, and according to whether they participated in literature reading report, they were divided into participating group with 38 students and non-participating group with 53 students. The method of questionnaire combined with interview was used to investigate the implementation of literature reading report, the willingness to participate in literature reading report, and the current status of clinical research ability. SPSS 25.0 was used to perform the chi-square test and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.Results:In the participating group, 60.53% (23/38) of the students thought that there was a significant improvement in clinical research ability after literature reading report, and in the non-participating group, 94.12% (48/51) of the students wanted to carry out literature reading report. Compared with the non-participating group, the participating group had significantly higher publication rate, project participation rate, academic exchange rate, and literature reading quantity ( P<0.05) and significantly better abilities of literature search and reading, professional English, and PPT presentation ( P<0.05), while there were no significant differences between the two groups in the scores of statistical analysis ability, project design ability, clinical thinking ability, and evidence-based medicine ability ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Literature reading report can promote the improvement in clinical research ability among professional postgraduate students in pediatrics, and it should be carried out regularly for a long time with adherence to the principle of clinical orientation and emphasis on the reading of methodology and statistics in literature.

Objective:To analyze the depressive symptoms of physical and mental workers and the impact of their behavior and lifestyle on their depressive symptoms.Methods:In August 2022, a cross-sectional study design was adopted to select 553 workers as research subjects using cluster sampling. General demographic information, health-related behaviors and lifestyles were collected, and their depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Chinese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9). The differences in general demographic information, health-related behaviors and lifestyles between physical and mental workers were analyzed, and logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of depressive symptoms in occupational populations.Results:Among the 553 subjects, 317 were physical workers (57.32%) and 236 were mental workers (42.68%). Statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of education level, monthly income, smoking rate, regular physical exercise rate and appropriate sleep time rate ( P<0.05). The score and the detection rate of depression symptoms among physical workers were (9.67±2.75) points and 20.82% (66/317), respectively, which were higher than those of mental workers [(8.34±2.18) points, 12.71% (30/236) ] ( t=6.13, χ 2=6.20, P<0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that smoking, regular physical exercise, appropriate sleep time and mental work were influencing factors of depressive symptoms among the occupational population ( OR=1.592, 95% CI: 1.316-1.825; OR=0.659, 95% CI: 0.416-0.830; OR=0.502, 95% CI: 0.257-0.717; OR=0.839, 95% CI: 0.522-0.967; P<0.05) . Conclusion:The depressive symptoms of physical workers are more serious than those of mental workers. Low education level, not frequently participating in physical exercise, smoking and sleep disorder are potential risk factors that affect the depressive symptoms of the occupational population.

Tooth extraction is a common and widely employed therapeutic procedure in oral and maxillofacial surgery.Minimally invasive tooth extraction can reduce both physical and psychological trauma to the patients,and is widely recommended as a first-line clinical treatment.But currently no guidelines or consensus has been available to provide a systematic introduction of minimally invasive tooth extraction to guide the clinical practices.To address this issue,this consensus,based on a comprehensive literature review and clinical experiences of experts,systematically summarizes the indications,target patients,and contraindications of minimally invasive tooth extraction,the overall workflow of this procedure(preoperative preparation,surgical steps,postoperative management,postoperative instructions,medications,and follow-up),and its common postoperative complications to provide a comprehensive guidance for clinical application of this technique.

Objective:To analyze the depressive symptoms of physical and mental workers and the impact of their behavior and lifestyle on their depressive symptoms.Methods:In August 2022, a cross-sectional study design was adopted to select 553 workers as research subjects using cluster sampling. General demographic information, health-related behaviors and lifestyles were collected, and their depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Chinese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9). The differences in general demographic information, health-related behaviors and lifestyles between physical and mental workers were analyzed, and logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of depressive symptoms in occupational populations.Results:Among the 553 subjects, 317 were physical workers (57.32%) and 236 were mental workers (42.68%). Statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of education level, monthly income, smoking rate, regular physical exercise rate and appropriate sleep time rate ( P<0.05). The score and the detection rate of depression symptoms among physical workers were (9.67±2.75) points and 20.82% (66/317), respectively, which were higher than those of mental workers [(8.34±2.18) points, 12.71% (30/236) ] ( t=6.13, χ 2=6.20, P<0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that smoking, regular physical exercise, appropriate sleep time and mental work were influencing factors of depressive symptoms among the occupational population ( OR=1.592, 95% CI: 1.316-1.825; OR=0.659, 95% CI: 0.416-0.830; OR=0.502, 95% CI: 0.257-0.717; OR=0.839, 95% CI: 0.522-0.967; P<0.05) . Conclusion:The depressive symptoms of physical workers are more serious than those of mental workers. Low education level, not frequently participating in physical exercise, smoking and sleep disorder are potential risk factors that affect the depressive symptoms of the occupational population.

Objective:To explore the molecular mechanism of dexmedetomidine(Dex)protecting ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)myocardium.Methods:Wild type mice were grouped into control(Control)group,sham operation(Sham)group,WT I/R group,WT Dex group,and Dectin-1 knock out mice were grouped into KO I/R group and KO Dex group in the in vivo study(n=6).TTC stain-ing was used to determine the myocardial infarction area(%)of the above six groups of mice.HE staining and pathological analyze was used to determine the myocardial injury.Serum TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-10 levels in mice were detected by ELISA.Flow cytometry(FCM)was used to count and sort of infiltrating M2 macrophages and neutrophils in myocardium.qPCR assay was used to determine the Dectin-1 mRNA expression in the above sorted cells.Results:TTC results showed that there was no myocardial infarction in the mice of Control group and Sham group.Compared with the WT I/R group,the infarct volume was significantly lower in WT Dex group,KO I/R group and KO Dex group(P<0.05).Compared with the KO I/R group,the infarct volume was reduced in KO Dex group(P<0.05).The results of HE staining showed that the myocardial fibers of the WT I/R group of mice were disorderly arranged,with a large number of broken myocardial fibers,while the myocardial fibers of the WT Dex group,KO I/R group and KO Dex group of mice had a little breakage,the structural damage was not significant,and the myocardial arrangement was relatively neat.The degree of myocardi-al injury of mice in KO Dex group were less than that in KO I/R group mice.ELISA results showed that compared with Sham group,the serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels of the mice in WT I/R group were significantly increased,and the IL-10 level was significantly de-creased.Compared with WT I/R group,serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels of the mice in WT Dex group and KO I/R group were significant-ly decreased,and IL-10 level was significantly increased.Compared with KO I/R group,the serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels of the mice in KO Dex group were significantly decreased,and the IL-10 level was significantly increased(P<0.05).FCM cell counting results showed that compared with Sham group,a large number of M2 macrophages and neutrophils were infiltrated in the myocardium of WT I/R group of mice(P<0.05).Compared with WT I/R group,the M2 macrophages and neutrophils infiltrated in the myocardium were significantly decreased in WT Dex group,KO I/R group and KO Dex group of mice(P<0.05).While there was no significant differ-ence between the KO I/R group and the KO Dex group mice(P>0.05).qPCR results showed that compared with Sham group,the ex-pression level of Dectin-1 mRNA in the myocardial infiltrated M2 macrophages and neutrophils were significantly up-regulated in WT I/R group of mice(P<0.05).While compared with WT I/R group,the expression level of Dectin-1 mRNA in Dex group of mice was sig-nificantly lower(P<0.05).Mice in KO I/R group and KO Dex group did not express Dectin-1.Conclusion:The protective mecha-nisms of Dex preconditioning on I/R injured myocardium involves reducing the infiltrating number of M2 macrophages and neutrophils in myocardium after I/R injury,which may be achieved by inhibiting the expression of Dectin-1.

Background Fatigue driving is an important cause of road traffic accidents in modern society, and the fatigue condition of heavy-duty commercial truck drivers has attracted widespread attention. Research on the fatigue status and influencing factors of heavy-duty commercial truck drivers in China is relatively rare at present. Objective To analyze the main characteristics of fatigue among heavy-duty commercial truck drivers and the impacts of factors such as working hours, insomnia, and occupational burnout on their fatigue status. Methods Using cluster sampling method, a cross-sectional study was conducted from July to August 2023, enrolling heavy-duty commercial truck drivers in long-distance freight logistics markets (stations) located in three administrative regions of W City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect demographic and occupational characteristics of heavy-duty commercial truck drivers, and the Chinese versions of Fatigue Scale-14 (FS-14), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey (MBI-GS) were used to evaluate their fatigue, insomnia, and occupational burnout status, respectively. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Walls H test were used to compare intergroup differences, and Spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between variables. Hierarchical regression models were used to study the impacts of selected variables on fatigue status. Results This study obtained 311 valid questionnaires, with a valid recovery rate of 88.86% (311/350). The physical fatigue, mental fatigue, and total fatigue scores of the survey subjects in M (P₂₅, P₇₅) were 3.00 (2.00, 4.00), 2.00 (1.00, 3.00), and 5.00 (4.00, 6.00), respectively. The comparison results showed that, except for smoking, there were statistically significant differences in total fatigue scores between different groups of age, marital status, number of children, educational level, service length of freight transportation, average daily working time, and average monthly income (P<0.05). The difference in total fatigue score among the groups without sleep disorders, with suspected insomnia, and with insomnia was statistically significant (P<0.001). The difference in total fatigue score among the groups without occupational burnout, with moderate occupational burnout, and with severe occupational burnout was also statistically significant (P<0.001). Positive correlations were found between insomnia score and scores of physical fatigue (r_s=0.507), mental fatigue (r_s=0.547), and total fatigue (r_s=0.618) (P<0.001). Hierarchical regression models revealed that having more children, extended daily working hours, insomnia, and increased scores of decreased personal accomplishment were negative factors affecting the fatigue status of heavy-duty commercial truck drivers (P<0.05), and the final regression equation was: total fatigue score=7.579+0.581×number of children+0.916×average daily working time+0.434×score of AIS+0.754×score of reduced personal accomplishment. Conclusion The fatigue status of heavy-duty commercial truck drivers is not optimistic. An increase in the number of children, extended daily working hours, severe insomnia symptoms, and increased scores of decreased personal accomplishment associate with their worse fatigue status.

Tooth extraction is a common and widely employed therapeutic procedure in oral and maxillofacial surgery.Minimally invasive tooth extraction can reduce both physical and psychological trauma to the patients,and is widely recommended as a first-line clinical treatment.But currently no guidelines or consensus has been available to provide a systematic introduction of minimally invasive tooth extraction to guide the clinical practices.To address this issue,this consensus,based on a comprehensive literature review and clinical experiences of experts,systematically summarizes the indications,target patients,and contraindications of minimally invasive tooth extraction,the overall workflow of this procedure(preoperative preparation,surgical steps,postoperative management,postoperative instructions,medications,and follow-up),and its common postoperative complications to provide a comprehensive guidance for clinical application of this technique.

OBJECTIVE To establish the HPLC fingerprint of Jianpi huayu decoction， and to determine the contents of 8 components. METHODS Thermo Hypersil Gold C18 column was used with mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.05% phosphoric acid aqueous solution （gradient elution） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃， the injection volume was 5 μL. The detection wavelength of matrine was 211 nm， and the other components’ detection wavelength was 283 nm. The similarity evaluation of HPLC fingerprints for 10 batches of Jianpi huayu decoction was performed by using the Similarity Evaluation System of Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine （2012 edition）. The contents of chlorogenic acid， vanillic acid， p-coumaric acid， ferulic acid， hesperidin， quercetin， bergapten and matrine in the samples were determined by HPLC. RESULTS HPLC fingerprint of Jianpi huayu decoction was established. A total of 27 common peaks were identified， and 8 components were identified. The similarity between 10 batches of samples and the control map ranged from 0.942-0.999. RSDs of precision， repeatability and stability tests were less than 3% （n＝6）. The average recoveries of chlorogenic acid， vanillic acid， p-coumaric acid， ferulic acid， hesperidin， quercetin， bergapten and matrine were 99.48%， 101.32%， 101.18%， 100.79%， 101.12%， 99.19%， 99.81% and 102.46%， respectively； RSDs were 1.34%， 0.93%， 1.90%， 1.84%， 0.54%， 1.53%， 1.33% and 1.01%， respectively （n＝6）. The contents were 0.021-0.061， 0.025-0.034， 0.116-0.295， 0.006- 0.062， 0.014-0.053， 0.017-0.026， 0.014-0.027 and 14.05-24.11 mg/g， respectively. CONCLUSIONS The established fingerprint and content determination method can provide a reference for the quality control and subsequent preparation development for Jianpi huayu decoction.