Objective To analyze and compare the disease burden, trends, and influencing factors of lung cancer in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) in China and globally from 1990 to 2021, providing a reference for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer in China. Methods Indicators of lung cancer disease burden in different genders and age groups in 204 countries or regions from 1990 to 2021 were retrieved and standardized from GBD 2021 database. The Joinpoint regression model was used to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) of the standardized rates of lung cancer in AYAs in China and globally from 1990 to 2021; changes in incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates due to population growth, aging, and epidemiological changes were analyzed; differences in lung cancer disease burden in AYAs in different socio-demographic index (SDI) regions were analyzed; and the influencing factors of lung cancer in AYAs in China and globally were explored. Results From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) (AAPC=−0.18%, P<0.001), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) (AAPC=−0.62%, P<0.001), and age-standardized DALYs rate (AAPC=−0.62%, P<0.001) of lung cancer in AYAs in China showed a downward trend, consistent with the global trend, but the decline in China was relatively small. During this period, the age-standardized rates of various indicators of lung cancer in males in China and globally were higher than those in females, and the burden of lung cancer in Chinese males was heavier. However, due to the significant downward trend in males, the gap in lung cancer burden between males and females was narrowing. At the same time, from 2013 to 2021, the ASIR [annual percent change (APC)=2.01%, P<0.001], ASMR (APC=1.46%, P<0.001), and standardized DALYs rate (APC=1.46%, P<0.001) in China showed an upward trend. From 1990 to 2021, among the main influencing factors for the incidence, mortality, and DALYs rates of lung cancer in Chinese AYAs, the contribution of aging was upward-pushing, while the increase in global indicators was mainly attributed to population growth. The global burden of lung cancer in AYAs was overly concentrated in high SDI regions. Although the gap in lung cancer burden between high SDI and low SDI regions was narrowing, it remained widespread. Globally, smoking, environmental PM2.5, insufficient fruit intake, second-hand smoke, and indoor air pollution were prominent risk factors. Conclusion From 1990 to 2021, the global and Chinese AYAs lung cancer incidence and mortality rates generally show a downward trend, but the female lung cancer burden relatively increases, especially in young women without a history of smoking. Continued efforts are needed to reduce the burden of lung cancer in AYAs, especially the specific risk for young women.

"Chinese model" of organ donation and transplantation in China has won acclaims from all over the world. Current contradictions between unbalanced and inadequate development of organ donation and transplantation and surging public demands for transplant services remain serious. And an acute shortage of donated organs is still the greatest difficulty. Improving organ donation rate per million population (PMP) and organ utilization rate has been a great challenge for organ donation teams in China. This review summarized the relevant experiences of Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University in fostering organ donation culture atmosphere and connotation to accelerate the high-quality development of organ donation. It was intended to provide references for disciplined construction of other organ donation management teams and promote the development of organ donation and transplantation in China.

Objective:To explore the application of photoplethysmography (iPPG) for contactless vital signs monitoring in the intensive care unit (ICU).Methods:Ten tracheostomy patients in intensive care had their heart rate, oxygen saturation, and diastolic and systolic pressures monitored using iPPG technology and a 24-hour bedside monitor. The readings included periods at rest, during turning, during suctioning, and when undergoing vigorous physical therapy and occupational therapy. The monitoring lasted 3 consecutive days. The data collected by the two methods were compared to analyze the accuracy of the contactless vital signs monitoring system.Results:The oxygen saturation readings of the two systems showed no significant differences. The heart rates, diastolic pressures, and systolic pressures did, however, differ significantly.Conclusions:In the situations tested, contactless monitoring of oxygen saturation is effective, but there is still significant room for improvement in the three indicators of heart rate, systolic pressure, and diastolic pressure.

Objective : To investigate the effect of Arginine Vasopressin (AVP) on the median preoptic glutamatergic (MnPOVglut2 ) neurons and its mechanism． Methods : Brain slices were prepared from male Vglut2-tdTomato mice．MnPOVglut2 neurons expressing red fluorescent protein were located by using fluorescence microscope．Wholecell patch clamp technique was used to observe the effect of AVP on the firing frequency of MnPOVglut2 neurons，the effect of synaptic transmission blockers ( STBs) on the AVP-induced change in the firing frequency of MnPOVglut2 neurons，and the effect of AVP V1a receptor antagonist on the AVP-induced change in the firing frequency of MnPOVglut2 neurons. Results: The mean firing frequency of MnPOVglut2 neurons increased during perfusion with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) and AVP compared with that during perfusion with ACSF (P＜0. 01) ，indicating that AVP excited the MnPOVglut2 neurons．The mean firing frequency of MnPOVglut2 neurons still increased during perfusion with ACSF，STBs，and AVP compared with that during perfusion with ACSF and STBs (P＜0. 001) ; moreover，the magnitude of AVP-induced increase in firing frequency didn't change significantly during perfusion with ACSF，STBs，and AVP compared with that during perfusion with ACSF and AVP (P ＞0. 05 ) ，suggesting that AVP excited the MnPOVglut2 neurons directly in a postsynaptic manner．The magnitude of AVP-induced increase in the firing frequency of MnPOVglut2 neurons declined during perfusion with ACSF，STBs，AVP，and V1areceptor antagonist compared with that during perfusion with ACSF，STBs，and AVP (P＜0. 01) ，suggesting that AVP excited MnPOVglut2 neurons directly via V1a receptor． Conclusion AVP can excite MnPOVglut2 neurons via V1areceptor directly in a postsynaptic manner．This study reveals the molecular marker of MnPO neurons which AVP act on.

Objective:To study the correlation between non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and functional ankle instability (FAI) in young patients.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted of the 102 patients with non-contact ACL injury[61 males and 41 females, with an age of (31.9±6.1) years and a Tegner activity score of (6.1±1.9) points] who had been treated at Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital from January 2017 to March 2020 (injury group). Another 102 citizens without ACL injury from Guangzhou [56 males and 46 females, with an age of (30.3±7.2) years and a Tegner activity score of (6.0±2.1) points] were recruited as a control group. The Cumberland ankle instability tool (CAIT) and the Ankle Joint Functional Assessment Tool (AJFAT) were used to assess whether the subjects had self-conscious FAI or not. A correlation analysis was conducted using the data collected.Results:The 2 groups were comparable because there were no significant differences between them in general data ( P>0.05). By the CAIT score, the incidence of FAI in the injury group [52.9% (54/102)] was significantly higher than that in the control group [32.4% (33/102)] ( P<0.05); by the AJFAT score, the incidence of FAI in the injury group [59.8% (61/102) ] was significantly higher than that in the control group [39.2% (40/102)] ( P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that diagnoses of FAI by CAIT and by AJFAT were respectively correlated with ACL injury ( r=-0.159, P=0.023; r=-0.215, P=0.002). Conclusions:The incidence of FAI may be high in patients with ACL injury and there is a correlation between FAI and ACL injury.

Tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) is the ectopic lymphoid tissue around the chronic inflammatory site of tumor, infection diseases, autoimmunity diseases, organ transplantation and so on. TLS is regarded as the vital niche of antitumor immune response in tumor microenvironment for abundant immune cells, and is correlated with better clinical outcomes and immunotherapy response in most solid tumors. As a typical inflammation-driven cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is controversial with the influence of TLS on patients prognosis. In this paper, the composition, formation mechanism, recognition and clinical value of TLS in HCC were briefly reviewed.

Objective:To explore the protective effect of hypothermia plus extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)on kidney in brain-dead kidney transplant donors.Methods:From July 2017 to July 2018 at Institute of Transplantation Medicine, Hospital No. 923 of PLA, 29 patients with circulatory dysfunction brain death donors fulfilling the organ donation criteria were randomly divided into sub-hypothermia group according to the treatment of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(body temperature 34.0~35.0℃, 15 cases)and normal temperature group(36.5~37.5℃, 14 cases). Hemodynamic profiles and renal function changes were compared between two groups during ECMO.And renal complications of two groups were followed up.Results:The hemodynamic parameters of two groups remained stable during ECMO period.Heart rate of 5 MO-organs was lower in hypothermia group than that in normal temperature group( P<0.05). Systolic and diastolic pressures before ECMO 3 h-organ acquisition were higher than normal temperature group( P<0.05). No significant difference existed between PaO 2 and normal temperature groups( P>0.05). Donor serum creatinine(SCr)and blood urea nitrogen(BUN)were lower in hypothermia group than in normal temperature group( P<0.05). The postoperative recipient levels of BUN were lower in mild hypothermia group than those in normothermia group( P<0.05)and no significant difference between SCr and normal temperature groups( P>0.05). The postoperative hospital stay was(16.52±3.59)days in mild hypothermia group. And it was lower than that in normal temperature group( P<0.05). Delayed renal function was lower than normal temperature group(3.45% and 21.43%, P<0.05). Conclusions:Mild hypothermia plus ECMO can reduce hemodynamic fluctuations in circulatory unstable donors after brain death, improve renal function and lower the incidence of delayed functional recovery after renal transplantation.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between shift work and type 2 diabetes in oil workers. METHODS: A total of 2 666 oil workers in an oil group were selected as the study subjects using the typical sampling method. Questionnaire survey was conducted by a self-designed Questionnaire of Health Assessment for Oil Workers, and blood glucose level was measure. RESULTS: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the study subjects was 10.1%(268/2 666). The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in shift workers was higher than that in non-shift workers(13.1% vs 6.0%, P<0.01). After adjusting for the influence of confounding factors such as gender, body mass index, family history of diabetes, history of hypertension, history of hyperlipidemia, and physical exercise, multivariate logistic regression analysis results show that the longer the shift work length, the higher the risk of developing type 2 diabetes(P<0.01), workers with shift work(3 shifts in a day, 2 shifts operating) had a higher risk of type 2 diabetes than that in non-shift workers(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The shift work length and shift workers with 3 shifts in a day, 2 shifts operating can increase the risk of type 2 diabetes in oil workers.

Brain metastasis has become a major failure pattern with the prolonged survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) has been proven to play a significant role in small cell lung cancer, whereas its value in NSCLC is still controversial. Therefore, this article reviewed the role of PCI in NSCLC, high-risk factors of brain metastasis, timing, dose fraction and toxicity of PCI, etc.

Objective: To investigate the anti-tumor effect of CTL cells on colon cancer xenograft in nude mice after knocking out the immune check point CTLA-4 by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Methods: A specific small guide RNA (sgRNA) for CTLA-4 was designed to construct sgRNA/Cas9 plasmid, which was then transfected into CTL using a lentiviral vector to obtain CTL cells with CTLA-4 deletion (CTLA-4 KO CTL). The transfection efficiency of the plasmid and the deletion efficiency of CTLA-4 were verified. BALB/c nude mice were randomly divided into two groups to prophylactically inoculate CTLA-4 KO CTL (experimental group) or CTL (control group); 3 days later, the animals of two groups were inoculated with colon cancer cell line LS174-T to observe the tumor formation rate and tumor formation time. After constructing colon cancer xenograft model in nude mice, the animals were randomly divided into two groups, respectively treated with CTLA-4 KO CTL (experimental group) and CTL (control group) cells to observe the tumor growth volume and survival time of mice. The serum levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ in nude mice were detected. Results: sgRNAwas designed and CRSIPR/Cas9 system with lentivirus as vector was successfully constructed. CTL cells were transfected with the established CRSIPR/ Cas9 system, and the highest transfection efficiency was up to (28.80±0.62)%. After transfection, the deletion efficiency of CTLA-4 was detected by Flow cytometry. The CTLA-4 expression of CTLA-4 KO CTL group was significantly lower than that of CTL group [(0.91±0.25)% vs (42.70±2.72)%, P<0.05]. In prophylactic assay, the formation rate of colon cancer xenografts in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group(33.33%vs100%,P<0.05). In treatment assay, the tumor volume in the experimental group was significantly inhibited compared with the control group ([503±23.9] vs [911.2±51.4] mm3, P<0.05), and the survivaltimeoftheexperimentalgroupwassignificantlyprolonged (mediansurvivaltime:78dvs42d,P<0.05); Moreover, the secretion levels of serumTNF-α([268.93±17.04]pg/mlvs[148.26±20.07]pg/ml,P<0.05) and IFN-γ(315.38±18.67 pg/ml vs 202.92±29.32 pg/ml, P<0.05) in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Conclusions: The lentiviral vector CRSIPR/Cas9 system is an effective gene editing method; its successful deletion of CTLA-4 in CTL cells can significantly inhibit the tumor formation rate of colon cancer xenografts in nude mice and enhance the anti-tumor effect of CTLon colon cancer xenografts.