Objective : To evaluate the vertical distance between the maxillary first molars (MFMs) and the maxillary sinus floor (MSF) and its interrelationship with sex, age, and vertical facial pattern in skeletal ClassⅡ patients to provide a reference for clinical orthodontic treatment. Methods: Sixty teenagers and sixty adults with skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion who met the inclusion criteria were selected to evaluate the vertical relationship between the MFMs and the MSF on cone-beam CT (CBCT) images. The vertical distance between the roots of the MFMs and the MSF was measured. Statistical analysis was used to assess differences between patients by sex, age, and vertical facial pattern. Results: The contact percent of the roots of MFMs and MSF was 85% and 56% in skeletal Class Ⅱ teenagers and adults, respectively. The contact percent and penetration percent of the roots with MSF were higher in teenagers than in adults（P<0.05）. The penetration percent of the high-angle (HA) and the normal-angle(NA) groups was 34.1% and 36.6% respectively, which was significantly higher than that in the low-angle (LA) group(20.8%)（P<0.05）. The difference between the distance of the bilateral MFMs and the MSF was not significant in skeletal Class Ⅱ patients (P>0.05); No significant difference was found between different sexes of skeletal Class Ⅱ patients when comparing the distance of the MFMs and the MSF (P>0.05). The MFMs of skeletal Class Ⅱ teenagers were closer to the MSF than those of adults (P<0.05). In the adult group, the distance was not significantly different in different vertical facial patterns (P>0.05). In the teenager group, the MFMs were more closely related to the MSF in the NA and HA groups than in the LA group. Among them, the difference between the mesiobuccal roots and distalbuccal roots was significantly different (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups of the palatal roots (P>0.05). Conclusion The MFMs were closer to the MSF in skeletal Class Ⅱ teenagers than in adults. The distance between the MFMs and MSF was associated with the vertical facial pattern in skeletal Class Ⅱ teenagers, while it was not associated with the vertical facial pattern in adult patients.

Objective:To introduce a reliable and easy method of philtrum crest and philtrum repairing in secondary repair of cleft lip.Methods:Lift the upper lip flap after removing the scar on upper lip. Then the superficial orbicularis oris muscle was carefully separated, which formed the abnormal muscular eminence in the affected side after the first cleft lip repair. The pedicle of the orbicularis oris muscle the reconstructing philtrum crest. The lingual orbicularis oris muscle flap was lifted and curled from outside. The superficialorbicularis oris muscle was cut in philtrum longitudinally and turned outward. The two evertedorbicularisoris muscle flaps were sutured on both sides and fixed them on the reconstructing philtrum crest. The exposed deep orbicularis oris muscle in philtrum was sutured with the upper dermis, which formed the prominentphiltrum crest and deeper philtrum.Results:We reviewed the hospital records of patients from July 2008 to November 2021. In total, 201 patients were included in this study. All of these patients underwent the reconstruction of philtrum crest and philtrum with orbicularis oris muscle intertangling and philtrum plasty in secondary cleft lip repairing. During the treatment, the patients had no complications such as infection, hematoma and flap necrosis.198 patients were observed from 1 months to 36 months (7.8 months on average). All of them improved in different degrees in early postoperative period. Most reconstructed philtrum crest was raised and basically symmetrical with the contralateral side in shape. The philtrum was clear and the scar was not obvious. The reconstructed philtrum crest would decrease with time. 91.7% (90/98) patients were satisfied with the postoperative effects after three months.Conclusions:The method of reconstruction of philtrum crest and philtrum with orbicularis oris muscle intertangling and philtrum plasty in secondary cleft lip repairing is safe and effective. The long term postoperative effect is stable with high satisfaction as well. As a result, this method can be used as the philtrum crest and philtrum correction scheme for secondary cleft lip repairing.

Objective:To explore the influence of chronic rhinitis on depressive symptoms of college freshmen and the mediating effect of avoidant personality.Methods:A cluster sampling method was used to survey 8 079 college freshmen from April 2018 to October 2018 using the Beck depression inventory and the avoidant personality diagnosis questionnaire based on DSM-Ⅳ.SPSS 25.0 software was used for descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation analysis, and the macro program PROCESS version 3.3 was used for the mediating effect.Results:(1) The detection rates of chronic rhinitis, avoidant personality and depressive symptoms were 22.90% (1 850/8 079), 19.22% (1 553/8 079) and 6.28% (507/8 079). The scores for avoidant personality disorder and depressive symptoms were 1.00 (0, 3.00) and 1.00 (0, 4.00), respectively. (2) The chronic rhinitis, avoidant personality and depressive symptoms were positively correlated ( rchronic rhinitis-avoidant personality=0.094, rchronic rhinitis-depressive symptoms=0.095, ravoidant personality-depressive symptoms=0.416, all P<0.001). (3) Chronic rhinitis could positively predict depressive symptoms ( β=1.113, P<0.001). (4) Avoidant personality played a mediating role between chronic rhinitis and depressive symptoms ( β=1.094, P<0.001), and accounted for 44.92%(0.500/1.113) of the total effect. Conclusion:Chronic rhinitis directly affect the depressive symptoms of college freshmen, and indirectly affect the depressive symptoms of college freshmen through the mediating role of avoidant personality.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of intensive intervention on negative spouses in sero-discordant couples.Methods:From December 2019 to December 2020, all HIV sero-discordant couples in seven townships in Butuo County of Liangshan were enrolled and divided into intensive intervention group and routine intervention group. Both intensive intervention and routine intervention were conducted for one year. Baseline survey and follow-up were conducted respectively with a questionnaire survey and a serological testing in HIV sero-discordant couples in the two groups at 6 th month before and after the interventions. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards model and difference-in-difference model were used to evaluate the effect of the intensive intervention. Results:A total of 899 sero-discordant couples were enrolled (393 of intensive intervention group and 506 of routine intervention group), in whom 806 completed the follow up survey (349 of intensive intervention group and 457 of routine intervention group). Compared with routine intervention, intensive intervention had no effect to improve the correct answer rate of an AIDS related question in negative spouses ( P>0.05), but could improve their awareness of AIDS related knowledge ( β=1.40, P=0.008). Compared with routine intervention, intensive intervention could reduce the frequency of sex between HIV sero-discordant couples ( β=-0.73, P=0.021), and increase the frequency of condom use ( β=0.19, P=0.007), but had no effect to decrease the positive conversion rate in negative spouses ( β=-0.61, OR=0.55,95% CI:0.18-1.66, P=0.294). Conclusions:The intensive interventions could improve the awareness of AIDS related knowledge in negative spouses in sero-disordant couples and promote their safe sexual behavior, but had no effect to decrease the positive conversion in negative spouses. It is necessary to continue the intensive intervention and follow up to evaluate the effects of the intervention.

Invasive fungal infection (IFI) is one of the serious complications in burn patients. The gradual development and application of broad-spectrum antibiotics in recent years has led to a serious dysbiosis of the flora, while the widespread prophylactic use of antifungal drugs has led to an increasing number of drug-resistant fungi. The clinical treatment of IFI is difficult and the prognosis is poor. The mortality of burn patients caused by IFI is increasing year by year. This paper reviews the epidemiologic characteristics, related risk factors, diagnostic methods, and treatment progress of IFI after burns, aiming to provide new ideas and reference for the prevention and treatment of IFI after burns.

Objective To investigate the effect of gaseous effluent from the six generator sets on the radiation level of the surrounding terrestrial environment in Daya Bay Nuclear Power Base after the operation of Ling’ao Nuclear Power plant. Methods The radiation level in the peripheral environment of the Base was monitored using the thermoluminescence dosimeter （TLD）. Twenty-five monitoring sites were set around the Base to investigate the variation of radiation level over a long period of time by collecting the TLDs every three months. Results From 2011 to 2020, the annual γ dose rate of the 25 sites ranged from 76.7 to 207.1 nGy/h, with an average value of (123.3 ± 5.7) nGy/h and a relative deviation of 2%-12%. The TLD monitoring and instantaneous measuring results of γ dose rate were consistent with the survey of the State Environmental Protection Administration in the 20th century and the baseline level prior to the operation of the nuclear power plant. Conclusion There are great differences in natural environmental radiation level across the TLD monitoring sites. The overall environmental γ radiation level within 50 km of the nuclear power base remains unchanged. The emission of gaseous effluent from the operation of the nuclear power plant does not have a cumulative impact on the radiation level of surrounding environment.

OBJECTIVE：To explore the role of clinical pharm acists in anti-infective therapy in patients with septic shock in the ICU. METHODS ：A total of 180 patients with septic shock were retrospectively collected from ICU of Chongqing Qianjiang Central Hospital during Jan.-Dec. 2018. According to whether clinical pharmacists participated in anti-infective therapy in the whole process，the patients were divided into intervention group （92 cases）and control group （88 cases）. Both groups were given routine treatment according to clinical diagnosis ；on this basis ，clinical pharmacists participated in the whole anti-infective therapy of the intervention group ，including participating in pharmaceutical rounds ，formulating anti-infective programs ，guiding nurses to implement anti-infective plan ，and providing pharmaceutical care for patients. The effectiveness ，safety and antibiotics clinical use indexes（such as proportion ，treatment course and cost of key monitored drugs ）were evaluated in 2 groups. RESULTS ：The cure rate of intervention group （98.91％）was significantly higher than that of control group （93.18％），while the incidence of ADR in the intervention group （8.70％）was significantly lower than control group （23.86％）. The use of antibiotics types was more rational（the proportion of carbapenems used in intervention group and control group were 20.65％，36.36％；those of quinolones were 15.22％，28.41％，respectively）；the duration of antibiotics use in the intervention group [ （15.18±2.25）d] was significantly shorter than control group [ （19.84±3.81）d]. The cost of antibiotics per capita [ （2 846.99±712.48）yuan] was significantly lower than control group [ （3 991.26±577.82）yuan]，with statistical significance of all above （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS ： Clinical pharmacists participating in the anti-infective treatment of ICU patients with septic shock and providing pharmaceutical care，can improve the anti-infective effect ，reduce adverse drug reactions and drug-induced diseases ，optimize the use of antibiotics and reduce medical cost.

Objective:To intestigate the clinical efficacy between modified Overlap anastomosis and traditional auxiliary incision anastomosis in laparoscopic total gastrectomy.Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 115 patients with gastric cancer who were admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from January 2016 to December 2018 were collected. There were 62 males and 53 females, aged from 27 to 83 years, with a median age of 62 years. Of 115 patients, 51 patients undergoing totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy with modified Overlap anastomosis using linear stapler were divided into modified Overlap group and 64 patients undergoing laparoscopic assisted total gastrectomy with traditional auxiliary incision anastomosis using circular stapler were divided into traditional assisted group. Observation indicators: (1) surgical situations; (2) postoperative situations; (3) anastomotic complications; (4) follow-up. Follow-up using outpatient examination or telephone interview was conducted to detected tumor recurrence and survival of patients up to December 2019. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the t test. Count data were represented as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. Comparison of ranked data was analyzed using the rank sum test. Results:(1) Surgical situations: the operation time, time of esophagojejunostomy, volume of intraoperative blood loss, the number of lymph node dissected, length of proximal incisional margin and length of auxiliary incision of the modified Overlap group were (234.0±11.0)minutes, (29.4±2.1)minutes, (53±14)mL, 42±13, (2.0±0.3)cm and (5.1±0.4)cm, respectively. The above indicators of the traditional assisted group were (231.0±11.0)minutes, (29.2±2.2)minutes, (50±13)mL, 40±10, (2.2±0.4)cm and (8.2±0.4)cm, respectively. There was significant difference in the length of auxiliary incision between the two groups ( t=-43.098, P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the operation time, time of esophagojejunostomy, volume of intraoperative blood loss, the number of lymph node dissected, length of proximal incisional margin between the two groups ( t=1.168, 0.460, 0.990, 1.127, -1.926, P>0.05). (2) Postoperative situations: cases with mild, moderate, severe pain (postoperative pain degree), time to first flatus, time to initial fluid diet intake, duration of postoperative hospital stay of the modified Overlap group were 40, 9, 2, (2.9±1.0)days, (4.8±2.2)days, (11.7±2.8)days, respectively. The above indicators of the traditional assisted group were 31, 27, 6, (3.9±1.4)days, (6.5±2.5)days, (13.0±3.1)days, respectively. There were significant differences in the above indicators between the two groups ( Z=-3.217, t= -4.344, -3.888, -2.261, P<0.05). (3) Anastomotic complications: cases with anastomotic leakage, cases with anastomotic bleeding, cases with anastomotic stenosis of the modified Overlap group were 1, 1, 0, respectively. The above indicators of the traditional assisted group were all 1. There was no significant difference in the above indicators between the two groups ( P>0.05). Cases with anastomotic leakage were cured after the treatment of enteral nutritional support through nasogastric catheterization, which were confirmed by gastroenterography. Cases with anastomotic bleeding were improved by active hemostatic therapy. Cases with anastomotic stenosis were improved after the symptomatic treatment of anti-inflammatory and anti-swelling. (4) Follow-up: 109 of the 115 patients were followed up. Forty-eight of 51 patients in the modified Overlap group were followed up for 15.0-45.0 months, with a median follow-up time of 33.5 months. Sixty-one of 64 patients in the traditional assisted group were followed up for 16.0-46.0 months, with a median follow-up time of 27.0 months. There was no tumor recurrence in the modified Overlap group. One patient in the traditional assisted group had tumor recurrence with liver metastasis and survived with tumor. There was no significant difference in tumor recurrence rate between the two groups ( P>0.05). There was no patient died during the follow-up. Conclusion:Compared with traditional auxiliary incision anastomosis, patients undergoing total laparoscopic total gastrectomy with modified Overlap anastomosis have small incision, good postoperative recovery.

Objective:Using clotrimazole vaginal tablet as a positive control, to evaluate the results of clotrimazole vaginal expansion suppository in the treatment of mild and moderate vulvovaginal candidiasis in terms of efficacy, patient satisfaction, side effects, and recurrence rate.Methods:This study was jointly conducted by 5 hospitals from August 2017 to October 2018, patients with mild and moderate vulvovaginal candidiasis confirmed by fungal culture and symptoms scores were selected. They were randomized to experimental group and control group as 1∶1 ratio. In the experimental group ( n=105), the subjects applied clotrimazole vaginal expansion suppository (150 mg) daily at night for 7 days. In the control group ( n=106), the subjects used a single dose of clotrimazole vaginal tablet (500 mg). Follow-ups were performed at (8±3) and (30±5) days after the discontinuation of the drugs, respectively. The difference in clinical symptoms and signs scores was used to evaluate the improvement of clinical symptoms, and the patient′s satisfaction and side effects were recorded. Results:At the first follow-up, the experimental group and control group were followed up by fungal culture on the cure rate [66.7% (70/105) versus 63.2% (67/106), P>0.05] and total effective rate [98.1% (103/105) versus 99.1% (105/106), P>0.05], the differences were not statistically significant. At the second follow-up, the recurrence rates of the experimental group and the control group were 5.7% (4/70) and 14.9% (10/67), respectively, with no significant difference ( P>0.05). In the evaluation of patient satisfaction, the leakage of the drug in the experimental group was significantly better than that in the control group ( P<0.01). The side effects mainly included vaginal stimulation, itching and burning sensation, and there was no statistical difference between the two groups ( χ2=1.070, P=0.586). Conclusions:In the treatment of mild and moderate vulvovaginal candidiasis, clotrimazole vaginal expansion suppository is no less effective than clotrimazole vaginal tablet, and there is no significant difference in the recurrence rate between the two. In terms of patient satisfaction, clotrimazole vaginal expansion suppository is superior to clotrimazole vaginal tablet.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the cases firstly reported as "asymptomatic infection of COVID-19" in Guangdong province.Methods:The follow-up observation method was used to continuously track and observe the cases firstly reported as "asymptomatic patients with COVID-19" in Guangdong province from January 14 to March 31, 2020. The epidemiological data of the cases were collected to analyze their epidemiological characteristics, outcome and influencing factors.Results:From January 14 to March 31, 2020, a total of 325 cases were firstly reported as "asymptomatic infections of COVID-19" in Guangdong province. The epidemic curve of asymptomatic infection cases was similar to that of confirmed cases, and it had two peaks. The first peak was from January 27 to February 5, and the second peak was from March 17 to March 26. Of the 325 cases, 184 (56.6%) were subsequently converted to confirmed cases. These cases were defined as incubation period asymptomatic infection cases. The age median of the cases was 40 years, and 93.5% (172/184) of the cases showed symptoms within 3 days after the first positive nucleic acid tests were conducted, and 141 (43.4%) of the 325 cases remained asymptomatic status until they were cured and discharged. They were inapparent infection cases, accounting for 8.6% (141/1 642) of those diagnosed with COVID-19 in Guangdong province during the same period. The age median of inapparent infection cases was 27 years. The median of the interval between the first positive nucleic acid test and discharge was 14 days. Up to 90.8% (138/141) of the inapparent infection cases were discharged for centralized medical observation within 28 days. The longest interval between the first positive nucleic acid test and the last positive nucleic acid test was 73 days. The positive rate of nucleic acid test was 0.3% in close contacts of inapparent infection cases and 2.2% in close contacts of incubation period asymptomatic infection cases. There were significant differences in age distribution and source of infection between incubation period asymptomatic infection cases and inapparent infection cases ( P<0.05). Old age was the risk factor for the conversion of firstly reported asymptomatic infection cases to confirmed cases. Compared with the 0-19-year-old group, The patients aged 40-59 years and 60 years and above were more likely to become confirmed cases. The OR (95 %CI) values were 2.730 (1.380-5.402) and 5.302 (2.199-12.783), and P values were 0.004 and 0.000, respectively. People being infected in China were more likely to become confirmed cases ( OR=7.121, P=0.000). Conclusions:There were asymptomatic infection cases among patients diagnosed with COVID-19. The infectiousness of incubation period asymptomatic infection cases might be stronger than that of inapparent infection cases. The proportion of younger cases among asymptomatic infection cases was higher than that of the confirmed cases. Old age and domestic infection were the risk factors for the conversion of asymptomatic infection cases to confirmed cases, to which more attention should be paid. Further serological investigations are needed to provide a basis for the development of COVID-19 prevention and control strategies.