OBJECTIVE To observe the clinical efficacy of Erdong Xiaoke Formula in the treatment of type 2 diabetes dry eyes with yin deficiency and heat excess syndrome and its effect on serum interleukin 17(IL-17)and interleukin 1β(IL-1β),and to ex-plore the therapeutic mechanism of Erdong Xiaoke Formula.METHODS 110 cases of type 2 diabetes patients with dry eyes of yin deficiency and heat excess syndrome from Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine were enrolled and randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group,55 cases each.5 cases dropped out of the treatment group and 4 cases dropped out of the control group.The control group was given a basic hypoglycemic regimen combined with topical sodium hyaluronate eye drops.The treatment group was given Erdong Xiaoke Formula in addition to the treatment in the control group.The treatment course for both groups was 4 weeks.Changes in TCM syndrome scores of the two groups of patients were observed before and after treatment,and the clinical effica-cy of TCM was evaluated.Blood glucose and pancreatic islet function-related indicators[fasting blood glucose(FBG),fasting insulin(FINS),fasting C-peptide(FCP),postprandial 2 h blood glucose(PBG),insulin secretion function index(HOMA-β),insulin re-sistance index(HOMA)-IR)],ocular surface indicators[tear break up time(BUT),corneal sodium fluorescein staining(FL),Schirmer Ⅰ test(SⅠT)],and inflammation-related indicators(IL-17,IL-1β)were detected.The occurrence of adverse reactions in the two groups of patients was observed during the treatment period.RESULTS After treatment,the total scores of TCM syn-dromes in both groups were significantly reduced(P＜0.01),the treatment group was better than the control group(P＜0.01),and the total effective rate of TCM syndromes in the treatment group was higher than that of the control group(P＜0.01);SⅠT and BUT of pa-tients in both groups increased significantly(P＜0.01),and the treatment group was better than the control group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);the FL of patients in both groups significantly reduced(P＜0.01),and there was no significant difference between the groups;the ser-um IL-17 and IL-1β of the patients in the treatment group decreased significantly(P＜0.01),which was significantly better than that of the control group(P＜0.05).There were no significant changes in blood glucose and pancreatic islet function-related indicators in the two groups before and after treatment(P＞0.05).During the treatment,no obvious adverse reactions were observed in the two groups.CONCLUSION Erdong Xiaoke Formula can improve SⅠT,BUT,FL and eye symptoms in patients with diabetic dry eye,effectively treat diabetic dry eye,and reduce ocular surface inflammation.Its mechanism may be related to reducing serum inflammato-ry factors IL-17 and IL-1β.

Objective:To investigate the effects of mobile intelligent cognitive training(MICT)on cognitive function,ac-tivities of daily living,and quality of life of patients with mild to moderate cognitive impairment after stroke in the community. Method:Ninty-two patients with mild to moderate cognitive impairment after stroke in the community were randomly divided into experimental group(n=46)and control group(n=46).Both groups received comprehen-sive management,and the experimental group received additional MICT for 12 weeks.The Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE),Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA),Prospective and Retrospective Memory Ques-tionnaire(PRMQ),Modified Barthel Index(MBI),Functional Activities Questionnaire(FAQ),and Quality of Life Index(QLI)were assessed before,4 weeks and 8 weeks after treatment,and 1-month follow-up after the end of treatment. Result:Before treatment,there was no significant difference in all scores between the two groups(P＞0.05).After 6 weeks of treatment,the MMSE,PRMQ,MBI,FAQ,and QLI scores of the two groups were im-proved(P＜0.05),and the MoCA,MBI,and QLI scores of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group(P＜0.05);After 12 weeks of treatment and 1 month of follow-up,the scores of MMSE,MoCA,PRMQ,MBI,FAQ,and QLI were significantly improved in two groups(P＜0.05),and all scores of the experimental group were better than those of the control group(P＜0.05). Conclusion:MICT can improve cognitive function,activities of daily living,and quality of life in patients with mild to moderate cognitive impairment after stroke in the community,with efficacy lasting at least 1 month.

Objective: To analyze the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of new HIV/AIDS cases at ages of 50 years and older in Wenzhou City from 2006 to 2020, so as to provide insights into precise control of AIDS. Methods : The data of new HIV/AIDS cases aged 50 years and older in Wenzhou City from 2006 to 2020 were collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of new HIV/AIDS cases at ages of 50 years and older were identified using global and local spatial autocorrelation analyses and spatial-temporal scan analysis. Results: Totally 1 917 new HIV/AIDS cases aged 50 years and older were detected in Wenzhou City from 2006 to 2020, and there were 179 new HIV/AIDS cases in 58 townships ( streets ) from 2006 to 2010, 643 cases in 113 townships ( streets ) from 2011 to 2015 and 1 095 cases in 147 townships ( streets ) from 2016 to 2020, respectively. The distribution of new HIV/AIDS cases appeared positive spatial autocorrelations from 2006 to 2010 ( Moran's I value=0.05, Z=1.976, P=0.046 ), from 2011 to 2015 ( Moran's I value=0.08, Z=2.314, P=0.028) and from 2016 to 2020 (Moran's I value=0.18, Z=3.956, P=0.003 ). Spatial-temporal scan analysis identified two clusters. The primary cluster mainly covered 70 towns ( streets ) in Lucheng Distrct, Ouhai District, Longwan District, Economic and Technical Development Region, Rui' an City and Pingyang County of Wenzhou City from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2020, with a cluster radius of 34.30 km [log likelihood ratio ( LLR )=192.84, RR=2.60, P<0.001], and the secondary cluster was located in Hongqiao Township of Yueqing City from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2015, with a cluster radius of 0 ( LLR=90.60, RR=7.27, P<0.001 ). Conclusions The number of new HIV/AIDS cases aged 50 years and older appeared a tendency towards a rise in Wenzhou City from 2006 to 2020, with spatial clusters that were predominantly identified in urban areas, Rui' an City and Pingyang County of Wenzhou City.

Objective:To investigate the effects of finasteride combined with tamsulosin hydrochloride administered during the perioperative period on glandular microvessel density in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.Methods:Ninety patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia who received treatment in Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from August 2017 to August 2019 were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to receive either oral tamsulosin hydrochloride alone (control group, n = 45) or oral finasteride combined with tamsulosin hydrochloride (observation group, n = 45) during the perioperative period of transurethral resection of the prostate. All patients received 6 weeks of medication. Clinical efficacy, adverse reactions, and urodynamic indexes, glandular microvessel density, International Prostatism Symptom Score, bother score, and urine color/degree of haematuria score pre- and post-treatment were compared between the two groups. Results:The maximum urinary flow rate in each group significantly increased 6 weeks after treatment compared with before treatment. The detrusor pressure and residual urine volume in each group decreased 6 weeks after treatment compared with before treatment. After 6 weeks of treatment, the maximum urinary flow rate was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group [(15.63 ± 2.26) mL/s vs. (13.14 ± 2.23) mL/s], and residual urine volume was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group [(29.19 ± 4.81) mL vs. (32.25 ± 5.52) mL, t = 5.26, 2.80, both P < 0.05). International Prostatism Symptom Score measured 6 weeks after treatment and urine color/degree of haematuria score measured 1 week after treatment were (12.09 ± 2.17) points and (1.51 ± 0.27) points, respectively in the observation group, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(14.28 ± 2.22) points, (2.03 ± 0.38) points, t = 4.73, 7.48, both P < 0.05]. Factor VIII related antigen- and CD34-positive glandular microvessel density values in the observation group were (14.74 ± 3.05) counts/visual field and (19.41 ± 3.07) counts/visual field, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(18.08 ± 3.16) counts/visual field, (22.27 ± 3.16) counts/visual field, t = 5.10, 4.35, both P < 0.05]. The incidence of postoperative hematuria was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group [15.56% (7/45) vs. 35.56% (16/45), χ2 = 4.73, P < 0.05]. Conclusion:Compared with tamsulosin hydrochloride alone, finasteride combined with tamsulosin hydrochloride administered during the perioperative stage can greatly improve the urodynamic indexes of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, reduce microvessel density value, International Prostatism Symptom Score, bother score, and decrease the incidence of hematuria. The combined therapy provides a novel idea for preventing perioperative bleeding in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Background: Gastric mucosal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia (IM) are precancerous conditions of gastric cancer. Although Moluodan has been used in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), there is little study on efficacy evaluation of Moluodan based on pathological stages. Aims: To assess the efficacy of Moluodan on reversal of gastric mucosal atrophy and IM based on OLGA and OLGIM staging systems, and to analyze the related factors. Methods: A total of 104 patients with CAG and IM from October 2019 to January 2022 at Xijing Hospital of Air Force Medical University were enrolled retrospectively in this study. All the patients received Moluodan treatment (one bag each time, three times daily) for 6 months. Changes of OLGA and OLGIM stages before and after treatment, and the related factors affecting the efficacy were analyzed. Results: After treatment with Moluodan for 6 months, the reversal rates for gastric mucosal atrophy and IM were 47.1% (49/104) and 51.0% (53/104), respectively, and the overall efficacy was 65.4% (68/104). There were 49.3% (34/69) and 52.4% (22/42) of patients with higher OLGA and OLGIM stages (III-) reversed to lower stages (0-Ⅱ), respectively. In addition, patients with OLGA and OLGIM stage III- showed a higher reversal rate than those with stage -Ⅱ (all P<0.01). No correlations were found between the demographic data, life and dietary styles, family history of gastric cancer, operation history, comorbidities, severity of mucosal inflammation and the efficacy of Moluodan (all P>0.05). Conclusions: Moluodan could reverse gastric mucosal atrophy and IM effectively in patients with CAG, which suggests that Moluodan has good potential in prevention of gastric cancer.

The social tagging system on Internet is a new model for the organization and communication of information resources in the modern network environment.After the social tagging system and information communication model were outlined,the information communication model in social tagging system and its advantages and disadvantages were analyzed with Watercress Network as an example,and suggestions were put forward for its optimization.

Objective: To analyze the clinical pathologic characteristics of cases with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) positive of exfoliated urothelial cells, so as to evaluate the clinical utility of FISH in the diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma (UC).Methods: A total of 271 cases of FISH positive in Department of Urology of Peking University First Hospital from Apr.2012 to Sep.2015 were recruited in this study.Retrospective analysis was made on their clinical data.For FISH analysis, labeled probes specific for chromosomes 3, 7, 17, and the p16 (9p21) gene were used to assess chromosomal abnormalities indicative of malignancy.The positive predict values (PPV) of all the techniques were analyzed.Results: Of the 271 patients, 207 cases were UC, 7 cases were non-UC, and 57 cases were benign diseases.The PPV of FISH in detecting UC was 76.4%, while the 95% confidence interval (CI) 71.3% to 81.5%.In the cohort of FISH positive, this value was similar to that of urinary cytology (PPV 86.8%, 95% CI: 78.5%-95.0%).The PPV of FISH was lower than that of cystoscopy and ureteroscopy (PPV 96.1%, 95% CI: 91.7%-100.0%).There were significant differences between this study and the PPV of FISH reported abroad (PPV 53.9%, χ2=33.048, P<0.001).Of all the UC with FISH positive, bladder cancer showed an earlier pathological stage versus renal pelvic carcinoma and ureteral carcinoma, with significance (χ2=5.894, P=0.015, and χ2=13.601, P<0.001, respectively).However, no difference was found in the size, pathological stage and pathological grade of tumors between the urinary cytology positive group and the urinary cytology negative group.The rate of high-grade UC in ureteral carcinoma of FISH positive was 92.3%, much higher than that of ureteral carcinoma reported domestically.Conclusion: The PPV of FISH in detecting UC is higher relatively, with a better clinic value for Chinese patients.The ureteral carcinoma with FISH positive obtains a higher pathological grade, which is of great guiding significance for UC.

[Objective]To summarize the clinical experience of Professor YU Jiangyi in the treatment of subacute thyroiditis.[Methods]This article expounds professor YU Jiangyi's experience in treating this disease from the aspects of etiology and pathogenesis of SAT, traditional western medicine therapy and traditional Chinese medicine therapy, integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine therapy, TCM syndrome differentiation ,stage of SAT and so on. In order to better describe this therapy, clinical cases were reported.[Results]Under the guidance of the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, Professor YU Jiangyi thought that the cause of the disease was mainly emotional internal injury, deficiency of Qi and blood, coupled with the feeling of external evil or exerting internal injuries. And the clinical symptoms of SAT were reduced to heat warm, stagnation of Qi and fire or stagnation of Qi and phlegm obstruction and syndrome of deficiency of Qi and Yin in two. In combination with modern medical knowledge, Professor YU Jiangyi put forward the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Professor YU Jiangyi used the method of clearing away heat and detoxicating, detumescence, and Etoricoxib in the treatment of SAT. In clinically, the curative effect was remarkable. [Conclusion]Professor YU Jiangyi's combination of clearing away heat and toxic swelling and Etoricoxib is effective, urgent treatment with western medicine, treating the root for slow disease with Chinese medicine, and worthy of inheritance and promotion.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of epalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor, and epalrestat plus methylcobalamine on diabetic peripheral neuropathy, as compared with methylcobalamine. Methods A total of 444 subjects with diabetic neuropathy were enrolled in the study, and divided into methylcobalamine group ( n= 145 ) , epalrestat group ( n = 143 ) , and methylcobalamine combined with epalrestat group ( n = 156 ) . Therapeutic efficacay was assessed in terms of clinical symptoms and physical examinations by using Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument ( MNSI ) , and electrophysiological assessments. Results After 4 to 12-weeks′treatment, symptoms and signs of neuropathy ( using MNSI ) are significantly improved in the three groups ( P<0. 01). The mean changes of MNSI ( questionnaire) score from baseline were higher in epalrestat group and methylcobalamine combined with epalrestat group as compared with that of methylcobalamine group(P<0. 05), but no difference was detected in the change of MNSI ( physical examination ) score from baseline among three groups. After treatment for 12 weeks, motor nerve conduction velocity ( MNCV ) was significantly improved in epalrestat group and methylcobalamine combined with epalrestat group(P<0. 05), but no difference was detected in MNCV at 12 week among three groups(P>0. 05). Conclusion Epalrestat is effective and safe in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. Furthermore, epalrestat is more efficacious in ameliorating symptoms and MNCV of neuropathy than methylcobalamine. However, while no improved efficacy is shown with the combined treatment.

Early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) is one of the major causes of mortality in neonates, especially in very low birth weight infants. EONS has no speciifc manifestations, and progresses rapidly and unexpectedly. EONS is often missed diag-nosed or even misdiagnosed due to the absence of ideal diagnostic methods in current clinical practice, and this dilemma leads to the high mortality of EONS. Therefore the accurate diagnosis in the early stage of EONS is very important. This review describes the progress in diagnostic methods of EONS including culture, blood cell counts, molecular biological technique, procalcitonin and C-reactive protein measurements, cytokine proifling and some other novel means. It may provide useful information for early diagnosis of EONS.