ObjectiveTo investigate the recurrence of ischemic stroke (IS) and to analyze the association between four indices of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) and the risk of IS recurrence by analyzing the follow-up data related to IS in the community-based natural population of Songjiang District, Shanghai, so as to provide a scientific basis for improving the prognosis of stroke patients in the community and controlling IS recurrence. MethodsA prospective follow-up study was conducted among the IS patients in the community-based cohort population, collecting data about patient’s age, gender, disease history, biochemical indicators, and etc. Cox regression model and restricted cubic spline model were used to analyze the relationship between different levels of plasma lipids and the recurrence of IS in these patients. ResultsA total of 1 368 patients with IS were included. The total follow-up duration was 7 171.46 person-years, with a median follow-up time of 6.24 years. There were 420 cases of IS recurrence, resulting in a cumulative recurrence rate of 30.70%. The results of multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the recurrence risk of IS was reduced when the baseline TC and LDL-C levels of IS patients were in the ranges of 4.65‒5.67 mmol·L^-1 and 2.52‒3.46 mmol·L^-1, respectively. The results of restricted cubic spline analysis showed a U-shaped relationship between baseline TC and LDL-C levels and the recurrence risk in IS patients. ConclusionThe cumulative recurrence rate of patients with IS in the community of Songjiang District in Shanghai is high, and the levels of TC and LDL-C at baseline survey are correlated with the recurrence of IS in these patients. It is suggested to pay more attention to the levels of LDL-C and TC in patients with IS, so as to improve the prognosis.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the quality of guidelines/consensus on therapeutic drug monitoring （TDM） of anti-tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in patients with inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） in China and globally. METHODS PubMed， Embase， CNKI， Wanfang data， VIP， and release websites of guidelines/consensus in China and globally were searched to collect guidelines/expert consensus on TDM with anti-TNF-α for IBD patients. The search period was from database establishment to June 2023. After two investigators independently screened the literature and extracted the data， the methodological quality of the included guidelines/consensuses was evaluated using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation Ⅱ. The main recommendations of the included guidelines/consensuses were summarized. RESULTS A total of 9 articles were included， 3 were guidelines and 6 were expert consensus. The standardized percentages of the 9 guidelines/consensus in the 6 dimensions （scope and aims， participants， rigor of formulation， clarity of expression， application， and editorial independence） were 90.43%， 41.98%， 52.55%， 85.49%， 19.00%， and 76.85%， respectively. Eight guidelines/consensus had a recommendation of grade B and one consensus of grade C. The main recommendations involve TDM application scenarios， threshold ranges， strategy adjustments， detection methods， and interpretation of results. Most guidelines/consensus recommend passive TDM for non-responders. It is recommended to set the TDM concentration range according to the expected treatment results and make strategy adjustments in combination with the disease condition and TDM results. Additionally， the same test method is recommended for the same patient. Some guidelines/consensus hold that no differences were noted in the interpretation of results between biosimilar and original drug. CONCLUSIONS The overall quality of the included guidelines/consensus was fair， with relatively consistent recommendation. Clinicians need to understand the characteristics and limitations of TDM with this class of drugs， and interpret and apply results of TDM in combination with specific clinical treatment goals.

China prospective multicenter birth cohort (Prospective Omics Health Atlas birth cohort, POHA birth cohort) study was officially launched in 2022. This study, in collaboration with 12 participating units, aims to establish a high-quality, multidimensional cohort comprising 20 000 naturally conceived families and assisted reproductive families. The study involves long-term follow-up of parents and offspring, with corresponding biological samples collected at key time points. Through multi-omics testing and analysis, the study aims to conduct multi-omics big data research across the entire maternal and infant life cycle. The goal is to identify new biomarkers for maternal and infant diseases and provide scientific evidence for risk prediction related to maternal diseases and neonatal health.

Objective:To explore the current status of surgery for portal hypertension to grasp current status and future development of surgery in China.Methods:This study is jointly sponsored by China Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Specialist Alliance & Portal Hypertension Alliance in China (CHESS).Comprehensive surveying is conducted for basic domestic situations of surgery for portal hypertension, including case load, surgical approaches, management of postoperative complications, primary effects, existing confusion and obstacles, liver transplantation(LT), laparoscopic procedures and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS), etc.Results:A total of 8 512 cases of portal hypertension surgery are performed at 378 hospitals nationwide in 2021.Splenectomy plus devascularization predominated(53.0%)and laparoscopy accounted for 76.1%.Primary goal is preventing rebleeding(67.0%) and 72.8% of hospitals used preventive anticoagulants after conventional surgery.And 80.7% of teams believe that the formation of postoperative portal vein thrombosis is a surgical dilemma and 65.3% of hospitals practiced both laparoscopy and TIPS.The major reasons for patients with portal hypertension not receiving LT are due to a lack of qualifications for LT(69.3%)and economic factors(69.0%).Conclusions:Surgery is an integral part of management of portal hypertension in China.However, it is imperative to further standardize the grasp of surgical indications, the handling of surgical operation and the management of postoperative complications.Moreover, prospective, multi-center randomized controlled clinical studies should be performed.

Objective:To learn about the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) genotyping of Yersinia pestis in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (Yushu for short), Qinghai Province, and to explore its genetic characteristics. Methods:In this study, 44 representative strains isolated from local natural plague focus in Yushu from 1963 to 2007 were selected as experimental objects to extract DNA. Primers targeting the three CRISPR loci (YPa, YPb, and YPc) were designed for PCR amplification. The amplified products were sequenced and analyzed to identify the CRISPR spacer, and to determine the CRISPR genotypes and clusters.Results:Twenty-three spacers including 14 of YPa, 6 of YPb and 3 of YPc were observed among 44 strains, of which 2 spacers (a106 and a107) were firstly identified. According to the spacer arrays, the strains were divided into 15 CRISPR genotypes and classified into 6 CRISPR clusters which were Cb4, Cc3', Ca7, Ca7', CaΔ5' and Ca35', respectively. Among them, Ca7 was the most epidemic dominant cluster (34 strains) in Yushu.Conclusion:The CRISPR loci of Yersinia pestis in Yushu have multiple genotypes, high genetic polymorphism, and complex population structure.

Dental Caries is a kind of chronic oral disease that greatly threaten human being's health. Though dentists and researchers struggled for decades to combat this oral disease, the incidence and prevalence of dental caries remain quite high. Therefore, improving the disease management is a key issue for the whole population and life cycle management of dental caries. So clinical difficulty assessment system of caries prevention and management is established based on dental caries diagnosis and classification. Dentists should perform oral examination and establish dental records at each visit. When treatment plan is made on the base of caries risk assessment and carious lesion activity, we need to work out patient‑centered and personalized treatment planning to regain oral microecological balance, to control caries progression and to restore the structure and function of the carious teeth. And the follow-up visits are made based on personalized caries management. This expert consensus mainly discusses caries risk assessment, caries treatment difficulty assessment and dental caries treatment plan, which are the most important parts of caries management in the whole life cycle.
Consensus ; Dental Care ; Dental Caries/prevention & control* ; Humans ; Prevalence

This review aims to interpret the interventions to improve physical function for children and young people with cerebral palsy, thus providing relevant suggestions.Relevant literatures published before November 2018 were systematically searched in Cochrane library, CINAHL, and Embase MEDLINE using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation method.Consult with international experts and patients to assess evidence and recommend it.Based on 3 systematic reviews, 30 randomized clinical trials, and 5 pre-and post-treatment studies, a total of 13 recommendations were given.The guidelines recommend that, in order to achieve functional stan-dards, intervention measures should include, patient-selected goals, full-task practice in real-life settings, support for family empowerment, and a team approach.The age, ability, and child/family preferences were all needed to be considered.In order to improve walking ability, ground walking and treadmill training can be carried out.Various methods can promote the realization of hand use goals hand use, including the two-hand exercise training, constraint-induced moverment therapy, goal-oriented training and cognitive therapy.In terms of patient self-care, the guideline proposed that, the combination of full-task practice and auxiliary equipment can improve the independence of self-care and reduce the burden of care givers.Leisure goals could be achieved by the combination of the practice of the entire task with strategies to address environmental, personal, and social barriers.The intervention of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy should take into consideration of patient selection and the goal of full-task practice.The child/family preference, age and ability should be considered when clinical workers selecting specific interventions.

A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of a case of intellectual developmental disorders with dysmorphic facies and behavioral abnormalities admitted in the Department of Neurology and Endocrinology, Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University in February 2020.The proband was a 3 years and 6 months old boy, who was hospitalized because of " convulsions for more than 1 year" . Physical examination revealed facial deformities.Gesell developmental schedule showed that adaptive and gross motor behavior development was severely retarded, and fine motor, language and personal-social behavior development was moderately retarded.Brain magnetic resonance imaging suggested schizencephaly.Electroencephalogram results indicated extensive discharges mainly in bilateral anterior head areas, and one myoclonic seizure was detected.Gene detection results disclosed the pathogenic variation of the proband, which was a heterozygote mutation (c.2480_2484del) in FBXO11 gene.High-throughput sequencing technology increases the possibility of identifying potential genetic mutations as the cause of disease.Patients with recurrent seizures, multi-malformation and general developmental delays should undergo gene detection in time to clarify the etiology.This technique can guide prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling.

Chest trauma is one of the most common injuries. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) as a common complication of chest trauma seriously affects the quality of patients′ life and even leads to death. Although there are some consensus and guidelines on the prevention and treatment of VTE at home and abroad, the current literatures lack specificity considering the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of VTE in patients with chest trauma have their own characteristics, especially for those with blunt trauma. Accordingly, China Chest Injury Research Society and editorial board of Chinese Journal of Traumatology organized relevant domestic experts to jointly formulate the Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of chest trauma venous thromboembolism associated with chest trauma (2022 version). This consensus provides expert recommendations of different levels as academic guidance in terms of the characteristics, clinical manifestations, risk assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of chest trauma-related VTE, so as to offer a reference for clinical application.

Objective:To investigate the antibiotics resistance of patients with Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori) infection of different age in Ningxia. Methods:From July to December 2021, a total of 1 040 patients with H. pylori infection confirmed by 14C-urea breath test who had no history of H. pylori treatment and underwent gastroscopy were selected from the H. pylori special outpatient clinics from Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People′s Hospital, Ningxia Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Yuanzhou District People′s Hospital of Guyuan, Wuzhong People′s Hospital, the Second People′s Hospital of Shizuishan, People′s Hospital of Zhongwei, Yinchuan First People′s Hospital. Gastric mucosa specimens were obtained under gastroscopy and cultured for H. pylori in vitro. Harvested H. pylori were detected for H. pylori drug resistance phenotype. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to detect antibiotic sensitivity. Previous use of antibiotics of patients were recorded. The characteristics of primary drug resistance of people≤44, 45 to 59, and ≥60 years old were analyzed. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results:A total of 538 H. pylori strains were obtained from 1 040 gastric mucosa specimens cultured in vitro, with a positive rate of 51.7%. A total of 187 patients could provide information on history of antibiotics usage. The primary drug resistance rates of metronidazole, clarithromycin and levofloxacin were high, which were 95.5% (514/538), 44.6% (240/538) and 45.4% (244/538), respectively; however drug resistance of amoxicillin, furazolidone and tetracycline were not found. The double drug resistance rate was 36.4% (196/538), mainly resistant to metronidazole and clarithromycin or metronidazole and levofloxacin, the drug resistance rates were 17.8% (96/538), 18.2% (98/538), respecitively. The triple drug resistance rate was 25.5% (137/538), all of the strains were metronidazole, clarithromycin and levofloxacin resistant strains. The primary drug resistance rates to levofloxacin and clarithromycin in patients with H. pylori infection who had previous history of quinolones and macrolides were 60.9% (28/46) and 63.4% (83/131), respectively; which were higher than those of patients who had not used corresponding drugs (41.8%, 59/141 and 39.3%, 22/56), and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=5.05 and 9.23, P=0.023, 0.002). The drug resistance rates of metronidazole of ≤44, 45 to 59, and ≥60 years old group were 94.2% (163/173), 95.5% (231/242) and 97.6% (120/123), respectively, and the differences were not significant ( P>0.05). The single drug resistance rates of levofloxacin of ≤44, 45 to 59, and ≥60 years old group were 34.7% (60/173), 48.3% (117/242) and 54.5% (67/123), respectively, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=12.95, P=0.002). The levofloxacin resistance rate of ≤44 years old group was lower than that of 45 to 59, and ≥60 years old group, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=7.70 and 11.49, P=0.006, 0.001). The single drug resistance rates of clarithromycin of ≤44, 45 to 59, and ≥60 years old group were 36.4% (63/173), 50.4% (122/242) and 44.7% (55/123), respectively, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=8.00, P=0.018). The clarithromycin resistance rate of ≤44 years old group was lower than 45 to 59 years old group, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=8.00, P=0.005). Dual drug resistance rates of levofloxacin and clarithromycin of ≤44, 45 to 59 and ≥60 years old group were 49.7%(86/173), 70.2%(170/242), 45.5%(56/123), and the difference was statistically significant( χ2=27.63, P<0.001). The resistance rate of clarithromycin and levofloxacin in 45 to 59 years old group was higher than that in ≤44 and ≥60 years old group, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=18.00 and 21.13, both P<0.001). Conclusions:Primary drug resistance rates to metronidazole, levofloxacin and clarithromycin are high in patients with H. pylori infection of different ages in Ningxia. Individualized eradication therapy guided by drug resistance test is recommended.