Objective:On the basis of post evaluation,the hospital pharmacy posts are scientifically classified and stratified,and the performance evaluation standard of pharmacy posts is constructed.Methods:The hospital pharmacy posts are classified and stratified by factor comparison method and the post value coefficient is determined.Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process are used to construct the performance evaluation index system of pharmaceutical posts and determine the performance evaluation standards.Results:Pharmacy posts in hospitals are divided into 5 categories,including clinical pharmacists,research pharmacists,static pharmacists,dispensing pharmacists and purchasing pharmacists.The indexes and weights of pharmaceutical post performance evaluation are determined from 4 dimensions:service,process,quality and cost,and the evaluation standard of pharmaceutical post performance oriented to rational drug use is established.Conclusion:The construction of pharmaceutical performance evaluation system meets the requirements of the reform of public hospitals for the transformation and development of pharmaceutical services,which is conducive to enhancing the enthusiasm of pharmaceutical personnel and improving the efficiency and benefit of pharmaceutical services.

Objective To screen out the biomarkers linked to prognosis of breast invasive carcinoma based on the analysis of transcriptome data by random forest(RF),extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost),light gradient boosting machine(LightGBM),and categorical boosting(CatBoost).Methods We obtained the ex-pression data of breast invasive carcinoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas and employed DESeq2,t-test,and Cox univariate analysis to identify the differentially expressed protein-coding genes associated with survival prog-nosis in human breast invasive carcinoma samples.Furthermore,RF,XGBoost,LightGBM,and CatBoost mod-els were established to mine the protein-coding gene markers related to the prognosis of breast invasive cancer and the model performance was compared.The expression data of breast cancer from the Gene Expression Omnibus was used for validation.Results A total of 151 differentially expressed protein-coding genes related to survival prog-nosis were screened out.The machine learning model established with C3orf80,UGP2,and SPC25 demonstrated the best performance.Conclusions Three protein-coding genes(UGP2,C3orf80,and SPC25)were screened out to identify breast invasive carcinoma.This study provides a new direction for the treatment and diagnosis of breast invasive carcinoma.

In many neurodegenerative diseases,eye movement is disrupted,which is a common and early characteris-tic of neurodegenerative diseases.Characterizing eye movement is important for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative disea-ses,helping to track disease progression and response to treatment.In recent years,eye tracking technology has been ap-plied to the assessment of cognitive function in patients with neurodegenerative diseases.Compared to traditional cognitive assessment methods,the technology has higher temporal and spatial resolution for sensitive quantification.Eye tracking da-ta confirms that executive dysfunction is common in Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,while attention deficit is a characteristic of Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis.Research using eye tracking to evaluate the cogni-tive function of epilepsy patients is still in its early stages,but this method has shown advantages.In this article,the appli-cation of eye tracking technology in neurodegenerative diseases is reviewed.

Objective:To explore the application effect of objectives and key results (OKR) management method in the clinical intensive training of emergency department nurses.Methods:A total of 90 nurses from the emergency department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University who participated in clinical intensive training from September to December 2022 were selected. They were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group (45 in each group) using a random number table. The observation group was managed using OKR method, while the control group was managed using the conventional management method. The academic performance (theoretical knowledge and practical operation), clinical comprehensive ability (nurse core competency evaluation form), self-learning ability (Self-Rating Scale of Self-Directed Learning), and training satisfaction were compared between two groups of nurses at the end of each month (for a total of 3 months).Results:The observation group had significantly higher theoretical knowledge scores [(65.78±5.11), (77.89±4.22), (85.10±4.70)] and practical operation scores [(62.33±4.01), (72.45±4.29), (83.20±5.10)] than the control group [(61.99±6.09), (74.18±4.09), (82.60±5.40); (60.09±4.56), (70.24±4.11), (80.70±4.60)]. The clinical comprehensive ability (nursing ability and critical clinical thinking), self-learning ability (learning behavior, learning awareness, learning strategies, and learning evaluation), and training satisfaction (theoretical knowledge training, clinical skills training, and work plan) of nurses in the observation group were also higher than those of nurses in the control group.Conclusions:The application of OKR management method in clinical intensive training of emergency department nurses can significantly improve their clinical abilities and knowledge level, mobilize their self-learning ability, and achieve higher satisfaction.

Methanol has become an attractive substrate for the biomanufacturing industry due to its abundant supply and low cost. The biotransformation of methanol to value-added chemicals using microbial cell factories has the advantages of green process, mild conditions and diversified products. These advantages may expand the product chain based on methanol and alleviate the current problem of biomanufacturing, which is competing with people for food. Elucidating the pathways involving methanol oxidation, formaldehyde assimilation and dissimilation in different natural methylotrophs is essential for subsequent genetic engineering modification, and is more conducive to the construction of novel non-natural methylotrophs. This review discusses the current status of research on methanol metabolic pathways in methylotrophs, and presents recent advances and challenges in natural and synthetic methylotrophs and their applications in methanol bioconversion.
Humans ; Methanol/metabolism* ; Metabolic Engineering ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Biotransformation

Objective To investigate the current status of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among hospitalized patients aged 1-18 years, as well as the status of immunity after hepatitis B vaccination. Methods Related data were collected from the patients aged 1-18 years who were hospitalized in Henan Provincial People's Hospital from July 2020 to July 2021, including serological markers for hepatitis B (HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe, and anti-HBc) and hepatitis B vaccination. The epidemiological situation of HBV infection was analyzed, as well as the immune effect after vaccination. The trend chi-square test was used for trend analysis. Results A total of 10 658 hospitalized patients were collected, among whom there were 6 372 male patients (59.79%) and 4 286 female patients (40.21%). In this population, the patients with positive HBsAg accounted for 0.28% (30/10 658), with a relatively high proportion of 0.68% and 0.62%, respectively, in the 17-and 18-year age groups; the patients with positive anti-HBs accounted for 51.82% (5 523/10 658), with a relatively high proportion of > 63% in the 1-4 years age groups, and there was a reduction in the proportion of patients with positive anti-HBs (fluctuating around 40%) in the 5-18 years age groups. With the increase in age, the positive rate of anti-HBs tended to decrease in both male and female patients (male: χ 2 =8.217, P =0.004; female: χ 2 =10.048, P =0.002). Conclusion Based on the data of hospitalized patients, HBV infection in the population aged 1-18 years in Henan Province has the characteristics of low prevalence rate and high immunity, and the reduction in the proportion of patients with positive anti-HBs at more than five years after vaccination should be taken seriously in this region.

Objective:To collect and analyze the evaluation index of infertility treated by Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), which will lay a foundation for the establishment of the core index and evaluation index system of TCM treating infertility.Methods:By retriving the published literatures of randomized controlled trials of infertility treated by TCM in the database of CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, SinoMed, PubMed and Cochrane Library from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2020, and after the screening according to the creteria of inclusion and exclusion, this paper analyzed the normal indexes of infertility and the pathogenic indexes of TCM.Results:A total of 95 RCTs were included, including 9 069 patients aged between 20-39 years old. The average sample size of each RCT study was 95, involving 78 evaluation criteria. The highest frequency of use was the total effective rate, etiological-index analysis found that the general indicators of infertility such as the total effective rate, pregnancy rate, TCM syndrome scores,and common etiological factors such as LH, FSH are the characteristic indicators.Conclusion:There are many problems in the evaluation indexes of clinical trials of treating infertility by TCM, such as great differences in number and not standardized usage. It is necessary to carry out research on the construction of core indicator and evaluation indicator systems of infertility according to different etiologies.

Scientific performance-based salary system is of great significance for hospitals to implement effective internal management, improve the enthusiasm of medical staff, and promote the high-quality development of public hospitals. Based on the requirements of the national salary system reform, a tertiary general hospital has been designing and implementing a performance-based salary system since 2016. The hospital has established a job evaluation index system to stratify various job sequences in the hospital, and determined the job value coefficients for different sequences and levels. It has also established a performance salary project system that covered job performance salary, specific performance salary, and innovative performance salary. In addition, the hospital has established a performance-based salary management system that covered salary standard formulation, performance salary accounting and distribution, and dynamic adjustment of the performance-based salary management system. The application of this performance-based compensation management system has achieved the matching of employee value, job hierarchy, and medical services. From 2016 to 2020, employees′ overall satisfaction with performance-based salary exceeded 85%. At the same time, the system could enhance the operational efficiency and quality of the hospital, drive technological development and scientific research innovation, playing a positive incentive role in the high-quality development of the hospital.

Objective:To evaluate the value of applying an artificial intelligence (AI) system for diabetic retinopathy (DR) detection and referral in community.Methods:A diagnostic test study was conducted.Four hundred and twenty-one patients (812 eyes) diagnosed with diabetes in three Dongguan community healthcare centers from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021 were enrolled.There were 267 males, accounting for 63.42% and 154 females, accounting for 36.58%.The subjects were 18-82 years old, with an average age of (51.72±11.28) years.The disease course of the subjects was 0-30 years, with an average course of 3.00 (1.00, 7.00) years.At least one macula-centered 50-degree fundus image was taken for each eye to build a DR image database.All the images were independently analyzed by an AI-assisted diagnostic system for DR, trained and qualified community physicians and ophthalmologists to make diagnosis including with or without DR, referable diabetic retinopathy (RDR) and referral recommendation or not.With diagnoses from ophthalmologists as the standard, sensitivity and specificity of the AI system in detecting DR and RDR were evaluated.The consistency and effective referral rate of the AI system and community physicians in detecting DR, especially in detecting RDR were evaluzted.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Dongguan Tungwah Hospital (No.2019DHLL046).Results:Of 812 eyes, 242 eyes were diagnosed with DR, including 23 with mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), 120 with moderate NPDR, 60 with severe NPDR and 39 with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). The other 570 eyes were diagnosed without DR.The sensitivity/specificity of AI system to detect DR and RDR was 87.60%/97.89% and 90.41%/96.29%, respectively.Compared with the ophthalmologists' diagnosis, the Cohen' s Kappa statistic of AI system to detect DR/RDR was 0.87/0.87, which was lower than 0.93/0.98 of community physicians.Among the referral-recommended cases by ophthalmologists, the effective referral rate of the AI system was 90.87% (199/219), which was higher than 89.50% (196/219) of community physicians, without statistically significant difference ( P=1.000). Conclusions:The AI system shows high sensitivity, specificity and consistency in DR detection, especially in RDR.The AI system is better in recognizing RDR than trained community physicians.

Retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)has essential functions,such as nourishing and sup-porting the neural retina,and is of vital importance in the pathogenesis of age-related retinal degen-eration.However,the exact molecular changes of RPE during aging remain poorly understood.Here,we isolated human primary RPE(hRPE)cells from 18 eye donors distributed over a wide age range(10-67 years old).A quantitative proteomic analysis was performed to analyze changes in their intracellular and secreted proteins.Age-group related subtypes and age-associated proteins were revealed and potential age-associated mechanisms were validated in ARPE-19 and hRPE cells.The results of proteomic data analysis and verifications suggest that RNF123-and RNF149-related protein ubiquitination plays an important role in protecting hRPE cells from oxidative damage dur-ing aging.In older hRPE cells,apoptotic signaling-related pathways were up-regulated,and endo-plasmic reticulum organization was down-regulated both in the intracellular and secreted proteomes.Our work paints a detailed molecular picture of hRPE cells during the aging process and provides new insights into the molecular characteristics of RPE during aging and under other related clinical retinal conditions.