Objective:To investigate the influential factors of the efficacy of tinnitus multivariate integrated sound therapy (T-MIST) in the treatment of subjective tinnitus.Methods:A total of 431 patients with subjective tinnitus who received treatment in The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from June 2019 to June 2020 were included in this study. A cross-sectional study method was used to conduct refined testing on tinnitus patients using the T-MIST matching platform. The severity of tinnitus patients was evaluated using the Tinnitus handicap inventory scale. SPSS software was used to analyze the factors affecting the effectiveness of the T-MIST for subjective tinnitus based on patients' basic characteristics.Results:Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with patients with short-term tinnitus, OR (95% CI) was 1.982 (1.033-3.804), P = 0.040, in patients with 3-12 months of disease duration, OR (95% CI) was 2.411 (1.322-4.396), P = 0.004 in patients with > 12 months of disease duration. With the increase in tinnitus handicap inventory score, the efficacy of T-MIST became better [ OR (95% CI) = 1.014 (1.004-1.024), P = 0.007]. The efficacy of T-MIST was better in the hearing compensation-effective patients [ OR (95% CI) = 0.133 (0.081-0.216), P < 0.001]. Conclusion:The course of the disease, tinnitus handicap inventory score, and effective hearing compensation are the influential factors of T-MIST. They can provide evidence for the treatment of subjective tinnitus.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of aromatase inhibitor letrozole in treatment of male children with disorders of sex development (DSD). METHODS: Clinical data of 12 male DSD children with a mean age of 14.6±2.5 years admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2014 to January 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were treated with letrozole (1.25-2.5 mg, once a day) for 3 months or longer, and followed up for 0.5-2.5 years. Clinical manifestation and laboratory test findings were documented, and the efficacy and safety were evaluated. RESULTS: After half-year treatment, the blood luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone levels of patients increased (all < 0.05), and estrogen levels decreased from baseline ( < 0.05). After 1 year of treatment, the blood testosterone level was significantly higher ( < 0.05); the LH and FSH levels tended to increase and the estrogen level tended to decrease, but there was no significant statistical difference ( >0.05). Semen was routinely detected in 8 patients, and sperms were detected in semen of 3 patients with hypospadias. There were no significant changes in biochemical results after treatment, and no significant adverse event was observed during the treatment. CONCLUSIONS Letrozole can effectively increase testosterone levels in patients with disorders of sex development and promote spermatogenesis, it has no significant adverse effects in short-term administration.
Adolescent ; Child ; Disorders of Sex Development ; drug therapy ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; Humans ; Letrozole ; therapeutic use ; Luteinizing Hormone ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Testosterone

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of CD28 and CD160 in patients with chronic HIV infection.Methods 50 patients with HIV from January 2016 to January 2017 were selected as the observation group, and 50 healthy volunteers were recruited as control group.Observe and record general information of all participants, the expression of CD28, CD160 in CD4+and CD8+T cells, initial T cells (TN), the expression of CD160 in central memory T cells (TCM), effector memory T cells (TEM), end effector memory T cells (TEMRA), mean fluorescence intensity (MFI), viral load of two kinds of the cells, analyze the correlation between the expression level of CD28 and CD160 and CD4+T cell count and viral load.Results With the increase of CD160 expression of CD4+T cells, CD4+T cells showed a downward trend, there is a negative correlation between them (r=-0.561, P＜0.05), CD8+T cell number is on the rise, there is a positive correlation between them (r=0.619, P＜0.05), and HIV-RNA copy number increased with the increase of CD160 expression on CD4+T cells and CD8+T cells, both positive (r=0.684, P＜0.05, r=0.459, P＜0.05);with the increase of CD28 cells on the expression of CD4+T, CD4+, CD8+T cells showed a rising trend, there is a positive correlation between them (r=0.621, P＜0.05, r=0.527, P＜0.05, HIV-RNA) and the copy number decreased with the increase of the expression of CD28 and CD4+T on CD8+T cells, there is a negative correlation between them (r=-0.634, P＜0.05, r=-0.582, P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the positive rate of expression in TEMRA subgroup and MFI of CD160 in CD8+T cell in two groups (P＞0.05).The positive rate and MFI of CD8+T cell CD160 in TN, TCM and TEM subgroups in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group (Tcm), with statistical significance.Conclusion The expression of CD28 in patients with chronic HIV infection is decreased, and the expression of CD160 is increased, which may be related to the decrease of HIV CD4+T and CD8+T cells, in which CD160 mainly affects the memory CD8+T.

Objective: To study the relationship between morphological characteristics, grading, diagnosis and prognosis in phyllodes tumors (PT) of the breast. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on 83 PTs diagnosed between 1999 and 2003 that were classified semi-quantitatively according to the WHO recommendation. Follow-up data was available for some cases, and Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate factors affecting metastasis and recurrence. Results: All cases were classified into the benign (57.8%), borderline (28.9%) and malignant (13.3%). The overall recurrence rate for the 72 cases with follow-up data was 20.8% (15/72), and was 17.5% (7/40) in benign, 22.7% (5/22) in borderline and 3/10 in malignant PT, respectively, with no significant difference (P>0.05). The median interval between the initial diagnosis and the first recurrence was 24 months. Lung or bone metastases occurred in 1/22 borderline and 3/10 malignant PT patients 5 years post-surgery. The mitotic count and the degree of stromal cell atypia were significantly correlated with recurrence (P=0.001 and P=0.006). Multivariate analysis showed that severe stromal cell atypia was an independent predictor of recurrence-free survival in PT [HR=6.40 (95% CI=1.378 to 29.732), P=0.018]. Conclusions Each parameter in the histological grading of PT may have different prognostic value, and markedly increased mitotic count and were predictive of relapse.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of oral hygiene on risk of oral cancer in non-smoking and non-drinking women. Methods: From September 2010 to February 2016, 242 non-smoking and non-drinking female patients with pathologically confirmed oral cancer were recruited in a hospital of Fuzhou, and another 856 non-smoking and non-drinking healthy women from health examination center in the same hospital were selected as control group. Five oral hygiene related variables including the frequency of teeth brushing, number of teeth lost, poor prosthesis, regular dental visits and recurrent dental ulceration were used to develop oral hygiene index model. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was used to evaluate the predictability of the oral hygiene index model. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between oral hygiene index and the incidence of oral cancer. Results: Teeth brushing <2 twice daily, teeth lost ≥5, poor prosthesis, no regular dental visits, recurrent dental ulceration were risk factors for the incidence of oral cancer in non-smoking and non-drinking women, the corresponding OR (95%CI) were 1.50 (1.08-2.09), 1.81 (1.15-2.85), 1.51 (1.03-2.23), 1.73 (1.15-2.59), 7.30 (4.00-13.30), respectively. The AUROC of the oral hygiene index model was 0.705 9, indicating a high predictability. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the oral hygiene index was associated with risk of oral cancer. The higher the score, the higher risk was observed. The corresponding OR (95%CI) of oral hygiene index scores (score 1, score 2, score 3, score 4-5) were 2.51 (0.84-7.53), 4.68 (1.59-13.71), 6.47 (2.18-19.25), 15.29 (5.08-45.99), respectively. Conclusion Oral hygiene could influence the incidence of oral cancer in non-smoking and non-drinking women, and oral hygiene index has a certain significance in assessing the combined effects of oral hygiene.

Objective: To investigate the effects between fish, seafood and pickled food intakes on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: A case-control study was carried out in Fujian area during September 2010 to December 2016, in which 604 newly diagnosed primary OSCC cases confirmed by pathological diagnosis were collected from hospital and 1 343 control subjects were enrolled from community and healthy hospital population. Demographic data, history of smoking drinking and tea drinking, oral hygiene status and dietary behaviors (fish, seafood and pickled food intakes) were collected by in-person interviews using a standard questionnaire.Using unconditional logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the effects of fish, seafood and pickled food intakes on OSCC. Analysis stratified by smoking, alcohol drinking and bad prosthesis to explore the possible difference in association between subgroups. Multiplicative interactions and additive interactions between fish and bad prosthesis, seafood and alcohol drinking, pickled food and bad prosthesis were assessed by unconditional logistic regression, relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP) and synergy index (S). Results: The average age of case group and control group were separately (58.69±13.92) years old and (59.27±11.37) years old (χ²=4.75, P=0.191). The people whose fish and seafood intakes ≥3 times/week had the lower risk of OSCC, the adjusted OR (95%CI) values were 0.63 (0.52-0.77) and 0.51 (0.41-0.64); The stratified analysis indicated that the people having bad prosthesis had the lower risk of OSCC if they eating fish ≥3 times/week, and the adjusted OR (95%CI) values was 0.53 (0.39-0.71); the people having bad prosthesis had the higher risk of OSCC if they eating pickled food ≥3 times/week, the adjusted OR (95%CI) values was 1.37 (1.02-1.88). Regularly eating seafood can decrease the risk of OSCC for non-smokers, smokers, non-drinkers, drinkers, people without bad prosthesis and had bad prosthesis, the adjusted OR (95%CI) values were 0.49 (0.36-0.68), 0.52 (0.37-0.73), 0.41 (0.31-0.55), 0.77 (0.51-0.96), 0.49 (0.36-0.67), 0.59 (0.42-0.83). Crossover analysis showed fish and bad prosthesis exist multiplication interaction relationship (adjusted OR=0.66, 95%CI: 0.44-0.97) and additional interaction relationship (RERI=-0.81, 95%CI:-1.43--0.19; AP=-0.76, 95%CI:-1.35--0.17; S=0.08, 95%CI: 0.01-0.98); pickled food and bad prosthesis exist multiplication interaction relationship (adjusted OR=1.63, 95%CI: 1.06-2.51) and addition interaction relationship (RERI=0.65, 95%CI:0.08-1.22; AP=0.36, 95%CI:0.10-0.62; S=5.19, 95%CI:1.32-54.49). Conclusion Reducing the consumption of pickled food, quitting smoking and limiting alcohol consumption, and regularly eating fish and seafood can prevent the occurrence of OSCC.

Objective To explore the survival factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods A total of 492 patients with OSCC were recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from June 2003 to December 2014. Then, 456 cases were included in the present study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Clinical and follow-up data were collected to evaluate survival factors of OSCC. Survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the Log-rank test. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of survival factors. We also stratified by TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours stage and BMI to assess the association between treatments and OSCC outcomes. Results The age of the recruited patients was (57.89±11.61) years, and the proportions in TNM stagesⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ, andⅣwere 14.0%(64), 23.7%(108), 16.1%(73) and 42.5%(194), respectively. The multivariate Cox regression indicated that the HR (95% CI) of the increase to mortality risk associated with stage T2-T3, T4(T1 as reference), stage N2-N3 (N0 as reference), poor-moderate differentiation, BMI<18.5 kg/m2 (compared with BMI 18.5-23.9 kg/m2), alcohol consumption≥20 g/d (compared with no alcohol) before treatment were 2.69 (1.21-5.95), 3.40 (1.54-7.53), 2.65 (1.17-6.00), 2.56 (1.39-4.71), 2.00 (1.15-3.50), 2.09 (1.11-3.93), and 1.68 (1.03-2.73), respectively. The stratification analysis demonstrated that, compared with surgery alone, surgery combined with radiotherapy reduced the mortality risk of stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ, HR (95% CI) 0.33 (0.12-0.93). Surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy reduced the mortality risk of OSCC with normal BMI, HR(95%CI) were 0.39 (0.17-0.87). Conclusions Clinical stage and histological grade are survival factors for patients with OSCC.

Objective To explore the survival factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods A total of 492 patients with OSCC were recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from June 2003 to December 2014. Then, 456 cases were included in the present study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Clinical and follow-up data were collected to evaluate survival factors of OSCC. Survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the Log-rank test. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of survival factors. We also stratified by TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours stage and BMI to assess the association between treatments and OSCC outcomes. Results The age of the recruited patients was (57.89±11.61) years, and the proportions in TNM stagesⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ, andⅣwere 14.0%(64), 23.7%(108), 16.1%(73) and 42.5%(194), respectively. The multivariate Cox regression indicated that the HR (95% CI) of the increase to mortality risk associated with stage T2-T3, T4(T1 as reference), stage N2-N3 (N0 as reference), poor-moderate differentiation, BMI<18.5 kg/m2 (compared with BMI 18.5-23.9 kg/m2), alcohol consumption≥20 g/d (compared with no alcohol) before treatment were 2.69 (1.21-5.95), 3.40 (1.54-7.53), 2.65 (1.17-6.00), 2.56 (1.39-4.71), 2.00 (1.15-3.50), 2.09 (1.11-3.93), and 1.68 (1.03-2.73), respectively. The stratification analysis demonstrated that, compared with surgery alone, surgery combined with radiotherapy reduced the mortality risk of stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ, HR (95% CI) 0.33 (0.12-0.93). Surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy reduced the mortality risk of OSCC with normal BMI, HR(95%CI) were 0.39 (0.17-0.87). Conclusions Clinical stage and histological grade are survival factors for patients with OSCC.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical influence factors of oral-maxillofacial benign tumors.

METHODSWe conducted a case-control study with 113 cases newly diagnosed primary oral-maxillofacial benign tumors and 584 cases controls from a hospital in Fujian from September 2010 to January 2015. Epidemiological data were collected by in-person interviews using a standard questionnaire. The contents of the questionnaire included demography character, history of tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking, dietary habits, oral hygiene status, family history of cancer, etc. Unconditional logistic regression was used to research the relationship between the factors and oral-maxillofacial benign tumors.

RESULTSMultivariable analysis showed that risk factors of oral-maxillofacial benign tumors included: cigarette smoking index above 1 000, passive smoking before the age of 18, age of wearing bad prosthesis between 33 to 55 years old and high blood pressure; the corresponding OR (95% CI) values were 14.63 (3.88-55.13), 2.34 (1.19-4.62), 2.35 (1.17-4.73), 3.46 (1.71-7.00), respectively; Protective factors included: regularly intake of meat above 1 time/day, fruits, health care products and vitamin tablets, brushing teeth above 1 time per day and oral examination above 5 years/time, the corresponding OR (95% CI) values were 0.22 (0.07-0.70), 0.18 (0.08-0.41), 0.32 (0.11-0.88), 0.22 (0.07-0.73), 0.28 (0.16-0.48), 0.28 (0.13-0.60), respectively.

CONCLUSIONAbstinence from tobacco smoking, reduce passive smoking before the age of 18, regularly intake of meat, fruits, health care products and vitamin tablets, and oral examination at regular time might have impact on the incidence of oral-maxillofacial benign tumors to a certain extent.

Alcohol Drinking ; Case-Control Studies ; Demography ; Diet ; Humans ; Incidence ; Logistic Models ; Mouth Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; Oral Hygiene ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between oral hygiene, chronic diseases, and oral squamous cell carcinoma.

METHODSWe performed a case-control study with 414 cases and 870 controls in Fujian during September 2010 to January 2015. Patients were newly diagnosed oral squamous cell carcinoma cases according to the pathologic diagnoses, control subjects were enrolled from community population. Epidemiological data were collected by in-person interviews using a standard questionnaire. The contents of the questionnaire included demography character, history of tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking, dietary habits, oral hygiene status, family history of cancer, etc. Using unconditional logistic regression analysis to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for oral hygiene and chronic diseases. We also stratified by sex, smoking and drinking to explore possible difference in association between subgroups.

RESULTSThe multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that number of teeth (20-27 and < 20), bad prosthesis, recurrent oral ulceration were the risk factors of oral squamous cell carcinoma, the adjusted OR (95% CI) values were 2.01 (1.49-2.73), 3.51 (2.39-5.15), 2.33 (1.79-3.04), 3.96 (2.11-7.44), respectively; brushing tooth once per bay, brushing tooth more than once per day, regular oral health examination at least 5 years per time were the protective factors of oral squamous cell carcinoma, the adjusted OR (95% CI) values were 0.24 (0.13-0.43), 0.13 (0.07-0.24), 0.37 (0.26-0.53), respectively. The stratification analysis indicated that recurrent oral ulceration could increase the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma for non-smokers and non-drinking, the adjusted OR (95% CI) value was 5.21 (2.42-11.18) and 4.71 (2.37-9.36); and a risky effect of hypertension on risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma was observed for non-smokers and non-drinking, the adjusted OR (95% CI) values were 1.70 (1.10-2.61) and 1.58 (1.07-2.34).

CONCLUSIONSOral hygiene and chronic diseases could affect the incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Alcohol Drinking ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; epidemiology ; Case-Control Studies ; Chronic Disease ; epidemiology ; Diet ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mouth Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; Odds Ratio ; Oral Hygiene ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; Surveys and Questionnaires