Brain’s neural activities encompass both periodic rhythmic oscillations and aperiodic neural fluctuations. Rhythmic oscillations manifest as spectral peaks of neural signals, directly reflecting the synchronized activities of neural populations and closely tied to cognitive and behavioral states. In contrast, aperiodic fluctuations exhibit a power-law decaying spectral trend, revealing the multiscale dynamics of brain neural activity. In recent years, researchers have made notable progress in studying brain aperiodic dynamics. These studies demonstrate that aperiodic activity holds significant physiological relevance, correlating with various physiological states such as external stimuli, drug induction, sleep states, and aging. Aperiodic activity serves as a reflection of the brain’s sensory capacity, consciousness level, and cognitive ability. In clinical research, the aperiodic exponent has emerged as a significant potential biomarker, capable of reflecting the progression and trends of brain diseases while being intricately intertwined with the excitation-inhibition balance of neural system. The physiological mechanisms underlying aperiodic dynamics span multiple neural scales, with activities at the levels of individual neurons, neuronal ensembles, and neural networks collectively influencing the frequency, oscillatory patterns, and spatiotemporal characteristics of aperiodic signals. Aperiodic dynamics currently boasts broad application prospects. It not only provides a novel perspective for investigating brain neural dynamics but also holds immense potential as a neural marker in neuromodulation or brain-computer interface technologies. This paper summarizes methods for extracting characteristic parameters of aperiodic activity, analyzes its physiological relevance and potential as a biomarker in brain diseases, summarizes its physiological mechanisms, and based on these findings, elaborates on the research prospects of aperiodic dynamics.

Objective To identify the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of young patients with sporadic rectal cancer liver metastasis(RCLM).Methods The clinical data of young RCLM patients at 45 years or under(n=40,as younger patient group)in Peking University First Hospital from January 2016 to January 2021 were reviewed,meanwhile,elder RCLM patient group were comprised of 82 patients older than 45-year-old in a 1:2 ratio.Proportions of categorical variables were compared between young patients and old patients.The clinicopathologic parameters were analyzed with univariate and multivariate Cox regression models and Kaplan-Meier method for demonstrating survival differences between the maximum diameter of liver metastasis and local therapy.Results One hundred and twenty-two RCLM patients were identified,the 1-,3-and 5-year survival rates of young patient group were 97.5%,47.5%,15.0%,those of elder patient group were 84.1%,26.8%,9.8%,respectively.The differences in BMI(P=0.008),primary tumor with obstruction and bleeding(P=0.006),synchronous rectal cancer liver metastases(P=0.005),the maximum diameter of liver metastasis>3 cm(P=0.019)were statistically significant between the two groups.And univariate and multivariate analyses showed that age(P=0.003),N stage(P=0.007),local therapy for liver metastases(P=0.047)and the maximum diameter of liver metastasis(P=0.030)were independent risk factors for influencing the prognosis of RCLM patients;curative resection or not of primary tumor(P=0.035)and the maximum diameter of liver metastasis(P=0.041)were independent risk factors for influencing the prognosis of young RCLM patients.Kaplan-Maier curve demonstrated survival differences between the maximum diameter of liver metastasis and local therapy for liver metastasis in RCLM patients(log-rank P=0.000).Conclusions Although with later staging of initial tumor station,young RCLM patients may obtain better survival benefit compared with old patients.Higher degree of lymph node metastasis,local therapy for liver metastases and the maximum diameter of liver metastasis>3 cm indicates poor prognosis in RCLM patients,and without curative resection of primary tumor and maximum diameter of liver metastasis are also considered as the independent poor prognostic factors of young RCLM patients.Local therapy for liver metastases appears to play an important role in the treatment strategy of RCLM patients.

Monosodium urate (MSU)-induced the gouty arthritis (GA) model was used to investigate the effect of Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inhibitor N14 in alleviating GA. Firstly, the effect of NLRP3 inhibitor N14 on the viability of mouse monocyte macrophage J774A.1 was examined by the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The expression of mature interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1 (caspase-1) p20 in the cell supernatant and the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1 and pro-IL-1β proteins in the cell lysates was detected by Western blot for the inhibitory effect of N14 on the MSU-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in J774A.1 cells. Animal behavioral tests were used to detect redness, swelling, heat and pain in mice with gouty arthritis. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining revealed pathologic changes and inflammatory infiltration in foot sections. Protein expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, and pro-IL-1β in mouse hind paw tissues were assessed by Western blot. The effect of N14 on the plasma levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), creatinine (CRE), urea, and uric acid (UA) was investigated by the MSU-induced gouty arthritis model in mice. All animal experiments in this paper were approved by the Scientific Ethics Review Board of Qingdao Marine Biomedical Research Institute (grant No. E-MBWNL-2024-20). The experimental results showed that N14 did not exhibit cytotoxicity in mouse monocyte macrophage J774A.1 cells at concentrations up to 100 μmol·L^-1, and N14 effectively prevented MSU-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. In the mouse gouty arthritis model, N14 significantly ameliorated the redness, swelling, heat and pain caused by GA, and down-regulated the levels of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated proteins in mouse hind paw tissues. Meanwhile, N14 appeared to be well tolerated, as it did not significantly affect various biochemical indices in mouse plasma. In conclusion, N14 effectively alleviated GA in mice by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, which is important for both prevention and treatment of related diseases.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Tiaoshen (regulating the spirit) acupuncture on cognitive function and sleep quality in patients with primary insomnia (PI). METHODS: Sixty patients with PI were randomly divided into an observation group (30 cases, 2 cases dropped off) and a control group (30 cases, 2 cases dropped off, 1 case was excluded). The patients in the observation group were treated with acupuncture at Baihui (GV 20), Shenting (GV 24), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), and bilateral Benshen (GB 13), Shenmen (HT 7), Neiguan (PC 6), Sanyinjiao (SP 6). The patients in the control group were treated with shallow needling at non-effective points. Each treatment was provided for 30 min, once every other day, 3 treatments per week for 4 weeks. The Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), digit span test (DST), trail making test (TMT)-A, Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and fatigue scale-14 (FS-14) were used to assess cognitive function and sleep quality before and after treatment, as well as in follow-up of 4-week after treatment completion. Correlation analysis was conducted between the differences in PSQI scores and differences in MoCA scores before and after treatment in the observation group. RESULTS: Compared with before treatment, the total score, visuospatial and executive function score and delayed memory score of MoCA as well as DST backward score were increased (P<0.01), while TMT-A time, PSQI and FS-14 scores were significantly reduced (P<0.01) after treatment and in follow-up in the observation group. Compared with before treatment, the PSQI score in the control group was reduced (P<0.01, P<0.05). After treatment and in follow-up, the observation group had significantly higher total score, visuospatial and executive function score, delayed memory score of MoCA, and DST backward score compared to the control group (P<0.05, P<0.01). In the observation group, the TMT-A time was significantly shorter than that in the control group (P<0.05, P<0.01), and the PSQI and FS-14 scores were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). In the observation group, there was a negative correlation between the difference in PSQI scores (post-treatment minus pre-treatment) and the difference in MoCA scores (post-treatment minus pre-treatment) (r=-0.481, P<0.01). A similar negative correlation was found between the difference in PSQI scores (follow-up minus pre-treatment) and the difference in MoCA scores (follow-up minus pre-treatment) (r=-0.282, P<0.05). CONCLUSION Tiaoshen acupuncture could improve cognitive function, enhance sleep quality, and alleviate daytime fatigue in patients with PI. The improvement in cognitive function in patients with PI is correlated with the improvement in sleep quality.
Humans ; Pilot Projects ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/therapy* ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Cognition ; Fatigue

Objective: To investigate the association of parental weight related knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) with abdominal obesity among primary and middle school students and to provide evidence for related intervention measures. Methods: In September 2013, the multistage random sampling method was used to select 17 307 primary and secondary school students with normal waist circumference in seven provinces/municipalities in China. After nine month follow up, 14 118 students aged 6-18 years were included in the final analysis. Questionnaires were used to assess parental weight related KAP, and students’ waist circumference was measured objectively at baseline and follow up. Multiple linear regression and multivariate Logistic regression were conducted to analyze the relationship between parents’ KAP with the change of students waist circumference and abdominal obesity, respectively. Results: The nine month cumulative incidence of pre and abdominal obesity among students was 6.67% and 0.85%, respectively. The scoring rates of parents knowledge, attitude and practice were 80.17%, 78.17%, 50.50%, respectively. The score of parents weight related attitude was inversely associated with the changes of waist circumference ( β=-0.18, 95%CI = -0.26- -0.10) and cumulative incidence of pre and abdominal obesity ( OR=0.90, 95%CI =0.82-0.98)( P <0.05). Conclusion Parental positive and correct weight related attitude is inversely associated with the incidence of abdominal obesity among children and adolescents. Interventions targeting establishing parents correct beliefs may be an effective way to prevent abdominal obesity in children and adolescents.

Objective To compare the risk for HIV, syphilis and HCV infection between club drug users and traditional drug users in Taizhou City of Zhejiang Province, in order to provide evidence for further behavioral intervention. Methods Drug users in Taizhou were surveyed with the questionnaires for national HIV sentinel surveillance during 2016-2019.Blood samples were collected for detection of HIV, syphilis and HCV antibodies. Results A total of 1 612 drug users were surveyed, in which club drug users accounted for 78.7% and traditional drug users 21.3%.Significant differences were observed in gender, age, educational level, ethnic background, and household registration between these two groups (P < 0.05).Among club drug users, injecting drug users accounted for 7.1%, lower than traditional drug users (P < 0.001).Among the injecting drug users, those who shared needles with others accounted for 8.9%, similar to the traditional drug users (P>0.05).In the past year, the proportion of having sex after drug abuse among club drug users was 77.9%, higher than traditional drug users (P=0.002).The proportion of condom use during sex were nearly 30.0% for both club drug users and traditional drug users.Of the club drug users, 0.2% were infected with HIV, which was not significantly different from that in traditional drug users (P>0.05).The prevalence of syphilis among club drug users was 12.6%, higher than traditional drug users (P < 0.05);whereas the HCV prevalence (10.4%) was lower among club drug users (P < 0.001). Conclusion The threats of blood-borne transmission and sexual transmission of diseases are common among club drug users, suggesting the need of targeted intervention measures.

Objective: Several COVID-19 patients have overlapping comorbidities. The independent role of each component contributing to the risk of COVID-19 is unknown, and how some non-cardiometabolic comorbidities affect the risk of COVID-19 remains unclear. Methods: A retrospective follow-up design was adopted. A total of 1,160 laboratory-confirmed patients were enrolled from nine provinces in China. Data on comorbidities were obtained from the patients' medical records. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio ( Results: Overall, 158 (13.6%) patients were diagnosed with severe illness and 32 (2.7%) had unfavorable outcomes. Hypertension (2.87, 1.30-6.32), type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (3.57, 2.32-5.49), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (3.78, 1.81-7.89), fatty liver disease (7.53, 1.96-28.96), hyperlipidemia (2.15, 1.26-3.67), other lung diseases (6.00, 3.01-11.96), and electrolyte imbalance (10.40, 3.00-26.10) were independently linked to increased odds of being severely ill. T2DM (6.07, 2.89-12.75), CVD (8.47, 6.03-11.89), and electrolyte imbalance (19.44, 11.47-32.96) were also strong predictors of unfavorable outcomes. Women with comorbidities were more likely to have severe disease on admission (5.46, 3.25-9.19), while men with comorbidities were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcomes (6.58, 1.46-29.64) within two weeks. Conclusion Besides hypertension, diabetes, and CVD, fatty liver disease, hyperlipidemia, other lung diseases, and electrolyte imbalance were independent risk factors for COVID-19 severity and poor treatment outcome. Women with comorbidities were more likely to have severe disease, while men with comorbidities were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcomes.
Adult ; Aged ; COVID-19/virology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Comorbidity ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the current status of antibiotic use for very and extremely low birth weight (VLBW/ELBW) infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of Hunan Province. METHODS: The use of antibiotics was investigated in multiple level 3 NICUs of Hunan Province for VLBW and ELBW infants born between January, 2017 and December, 2017. RESULTS: The clinical data of 1 442 VLBW/ELBW infants were collected from 24 NICUs in 2017. The median antibiotic use duration was 17 days (range: 0-86 days), accounting for 53.0% of the total length of hospital stay. The highest duration of antibiotic use was up to 91.4% of the total length of hospital stay, with the lowest at 14.6%. In 16 out of 24 NICUs, the antibiotic use duration was accounted for more than 50.0% of the hospitalization days. There were 113 cases with positive bacterial culture grown in blood or cerebrospinal fluid, making the positive rate of overall bacterial culture as 7.84%. The positive rate of bacterial culture in different NICUs was significantly different from 0% to 14.9%. The common isolated bacterial pathogens Klebsiella pneumoniae was 29 cases (25.7%); Escherichia coli 12 cases (10.6%); Staphylococcus aureus 3 cases (2.7%). The most commonly used antibiotics were third-generation of cephalosporins, accounting for 41.00% of the total antibiotics, followed by penicillins, accounting for 32.10%, and followed by carbapenems, accounting for 13.15%. The proportion of antibiotic use time was negatively correlated with birth weight Z-score and the change in weight Z-score between birth and hospital discharge (r=-0.095, -0.151 respectively, P<0.01), positively correlated with death/withdrawal of care (r=0.196, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Antibiotics used for VLBW/ELBW infants in NICUs of Hunan Province are obviously prolonged in many NICUs. The proportion of routine use of third-generation of cephalosporins and carbapenems antibiotics is high among the NICUs.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Birth Weight ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To investigate characteristics and influencing factors of heterosexual behavior among young men who have sex with men (YMSM) in Taizhou, and to provide evidence for conducting intervention on acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Methods The demographic characteristics, behavioral characteristics and AIDS related knowledge of YMSM in Taizhou were investigated by the method of questionnaire survey from January to July in 2015, February to September in 2016, January to August in 2017, and January to August in 2018. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis and hepatitis C virus (HCV) were tested in everyone. Results A total of 432 YMSM were recruited, including 56 YMSM who had heterosexual behavior. 14.3% of YMSM who had heterosexual behavior never used condoms when having heterosexual behavior. 26.8% did not use condoms when having the last heterosexual behavior. The detection rates of HIV and syphilis were both 5.4%. No HCV positive person was found. The awareness rate of AIDS related knowledge was 91.1%. In multivariate logistic regression, marital status and local residence time were influencing factors of heterosexual behavior among YMSM. Conclusions YMSM in Taizhou are at risk of spreading HIV and syphilis. Although the awareness rate of AIDS related knowledge is better, there are still high-risk behavior such as commercial sex behavior and knowledge-practice separation such as not using condoms. It is necessary to promote intervention activities for safe sexual behavior, especially among YMSM who are married and live in the local areas for less than 2 years.

In order to understand the difference of contents of coelonin,batatasin Ⅲ and 3'-O-methylbatatasin Ⅲ in 60 different sources of Bletilla striata planted under the same conditions. UPLC method was used and the analysis was performed on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column( 2. 1 mm×100 mm,1. 7 μm),eluted with acetonitril-0. 1% formic acid solution by gradient. The flow rate was 0. 208 m L·min-1,the detection wavelength was 270 nm,the column temperature was 35 ℃ and the injection volume was 4μL. Under the above chromatographic conditions,the three components can be separated well with good linearity in the range of 0. 156-5. 000 mg·L-1. The average contents of coelonin,batatasin Ⅲ and 3'-O-methylbatatasin Ⅲ were( 0. 116 ± 0. 071) %,( 0. 386 ±0. 185) % and( 0. 086±0. 034) %,respectively. After planting for two years under the same conditions,there was no significant difference in chemical composition among different sources and varieties,but the contents of the three components had some regional differences,which indicated that the western region was higher than the eastern region,while the contents of coelonin and batatasin Ⅲ in B.sinensis were slightly higher than those in B. striata. The chromatographic method above is simple,stable and reproducible,and can be used for quantitative analysis of three components. The content analysis of different sources of B. striata can provide reference for future B. striata breeding and quality control.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Orchidaceae ; chemistry ; Quality Control