Stratified diagnosis and treatment is a crucial approach in precision medicine， aiming to optimize medical care by grouping patients based on clinical manifestations， biomarkers， and pathological characteristics. Based on clinical stages， symptoms， age， gene expression， and pathology， research on Sjögren's syndrome （SS） has proposed various stratification methods， incorporating both traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and Western medicine perspectives. These methods provide essential support for early diagnosis， risk assessment， and personalized treatment. Key strategies include moving SS intervention time forward， to leverage TCM's preventive principles， integrating TCM and Western tools to enhance precision， innovating clinical trial designs， developing multifactorial risk prediction models and digital imaging technologies， and constructing combined prognostic models for personalized follow-up and big data-driven treatment. These insights offer a comprehensive framework for advancing SS precision medicine.

ObjectiveTo explore the correlation between the occurrence of cardiovascular events in rheumatoid arthritis（RA） and traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） syndrome. MethodsThe cross-sectional study selected 6713 RA patients from 122 centres nationwide， in which general information such as name， gender， age， height， body weight， and course of disease were collected by completing a questionnaire； patients were classified into eight types of syndrome according to the information of their four examinations，i.e. wind-dampness obstruction syndrome， cold-dampness obstruction syndrome， dampness-heat obstruction syndrome， phlegm-stasis obstruction syndrome， stasis-blood obstructing collateral syndrome， qi-blood deficiency syndrome， liver-kidney insufficiency syndrome， and qi-yin deficiency syndrome. According to the occurrence of cardiovascular events， they were divided into the occurrence group and the non-occurrence group， and the condition assessment data and laboratory examination indexes were recorded. The test of difference between groups was used to analyse the possible risk factors for the occurrence of RA cardiovascular events， and binary logistic regression was used to analyse the correlation between TCM syndromes and RA cardiovascular events. ResultsA total of 6713 RA patients were included， including 256 cases in occurrence group and 6457 in non-occurrence group. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in terms of height， gender， insomnia， appetite， white blood cell（WBC）， hemoglobin（HGB）， platelets（PLT）， rheumatoid factor（RF）， anti-cyclic peptide containing citrulline（CCP）， alanine aminotransferase（ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase（AST）， γ-glutamyl transpeptidase（GGT）， urea creatinine（CREA）， and glucose（GLU）（P＞0.05）. The TCM syndromes between groups showed significant statistic differences（P＜0.05）. Patients in occurrence group had longer disease duration， heavier body weight， and older age； more severe conditions such as disease activity（DAS-28）， number of painful joints（TJC）， number of swollen joints（SJC）， health questionnaire scores（HAQ）， visual analog scores（VAS）， restlessness， and fatigue； higher blood sedimentation rate（ESR）， low-density lipoprotein（LDL-C）， triglyceride（TG）， total cholesterol（TC）， D-Dimer， and lower high-density lipoprotein（HDL-C）（P＜0.05）. The distribution of syndrome types showed that dampness-heat obstruction syndrome accounted for the largest proportion of patients in both groups and was higher in RA cardiovascular events. Logistic regression analysis showed that the occurrence of RA cardiovascular events was strongly associated with dampness-heat obstruction syndrome［OR=5.937， 95%CI （4.434， 7.949）， P＜0.001］. ConclusionThe occurrence of RA cardiovascular events were associated with TCM syndromes， and the probability of cardiovascular events in the RA patients with dampness-heat obstruction syndrome was 5.937 times higher than patients with other TCM syndromes.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical effectiveness and safety of She medicine （畲药） Diren Zishen Formula（地稔滋肾方） combined with acupuncture as adjunctive treatment for primary biliary cholangitis with liver and kidney yin deficiency syndrome. MethodsSeventy patients of primary biliary cholangitis with liver and kidney yin deficiency syndrome were randomly divided into a control group and a treatment group， with 35 patients in each group. The control group received oral ursodeoxycholic acid capsules （250 mg per dose， three times daily）. The treatment group received She medicine Diren Zishen Formula oral decoction （one dose daily， 200 ml per dose in the morning and evening， served warm） and acupuncture ［bilateral Sanyingjiao （SP6）， Taichong （LR3）， Ganshu （BL18）， Zusanli （ST36）， Fenglong （ST17）， once daily， 5 consecutive days per week］ in addition to the same treatment as the control group. The treatment duration was three months for both groups. Comparisons were made between the two groups before and after treatment for the following parameters， which were four traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptoms scores （skin itching， fatigue， jaundice， and flank pain）， TCM syndrome scores， liver function indicators including aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， alkaline phosphatase （ALP）， gamma-glutamyl transferase （GGT） and total bilirubin （TBiL）， liver fibrosis markers including serum laminin （LN）， serum hyaluronic acid （HA）， serum type Ⅳ collagen （Ⅳ-C） and serum type Ⅲ procollagen （PC-Ⅲ）， and inflammatory factor indicators including serum interleukin-6 （IL-6） and tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α）. The effectiveness of TCM syndrome between the two groups was compared and safety evaluations were also conducted after treatment. ResultsA total of 32 cases were finally analyzed in the treatment group， while the control group had 31 cases. The total effective rate of TCM syndrome in the treatment group （87.50%， 28/32） was higher than that in the control group （67.74%， 20/31） （P＜0.05）. After treatment， the TCM symptom scores， syndrome scores， liver function， and liver fibrosis markers in both groups signi-ficantly decreased， while in the treatment group， the inflammatory factor indicators decreased after treatment， and more decreases were found than those in the control group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Both groups had good safety， and no adverse reactions were observed. ConclusionThe combination of She medicine Diren Zishen Formula and acupuncture as an adjunctive treatment for primary biliary cholangitis can significantly improve the clinical effectiveness， improve liver function， reduce inflammatory response， and alleviate liver fibrosis， with good safety.

Screening and evaluating the diseases responding specifically to traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） will help to highlight the advantages of TCM treatment， and the evaluation method should be standardized with consideration to the unique characteristics of the diseases. The incidence of Sjögren's Syndrome （SS） is increasing year by year， while the pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear. Modern therapies for this disease include biological agents and immunosuppressants， which generally have unsatisfactory efficacy. The TCM treatment of SS focuses on the harmony of the physical and mental health. The Rheumatology Branch of the China Association of Chinese Medicine organizes experts in TCM， Western medicine， and evidence-based medicine to form working groups. Delphi method and bibliometric method were used for analysis， and SS was selected as a disease responding specifically to TCM. Furthermore， the evaluation system was established for this disease， and the consensus regarding this disease was reached after seminar discussion. This paper summarized the whole process of the evaluation of the advantages of TCM treatment of SS. First， because TCM atomization is widely used in clinical practice and enriches TCM administration methods， this therapy is included after other non-drug therapies were taken as characteristic therapies. Second， the evaluation indicators of therapeutic effect should be determined with consideration to international acceptance and the current research status. Third， the expression method should be accurate， standardized， and objective， highlight the natural advantages of TCM， and avoid arbitrary extension. This paper provides a reference for clinicians to explore other diseases responding specifically to TCM.

Fibromyalgia syndrome （FMS） is a refractory， chronic non-articular rheumatic disease characterized by widespread pain throughout the body， for which there are no satisfactory therapeutic drugs or options. There are rich Chinese medical therapies， and some non-drug therapies， such as acupuncture， Tai Chi， and Ba-Duan-Jin， have shown satisfactory efficacy and safety and definite advantages of simultaneously adjusting mind and body. FMS is taken as a disease responding specifically to traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2018. In order to clarify the research progress in FMS and the clinical advantages of TCM/integrated Chinese and Western medicine， the China Academy of Chinese Medicine organized a seminar for nearly 20 experts in Chinese and Western medicine， including rheumatology， psychology， acupuncture and moxibustion， and encephalopathy， with the topic of difficulties in clinical diagnosis and treatment of FMS and advantages of TCM and Western medicine. The recommendations were reached on the difficulties in early diagnosis and solutions of FMS， mitigation of common non-specific symptoms， preferential analgesic therapy， TCM pathogenesis and treatment advantages， and direction of treatment with integrated Chinese and Western medicine. FMS is currently facing the triple dilemma of low early correct diagnosis， poor patient participation， and unsatisfactory benefit from pure Western medicine treatment. To solve the above problems， this paper suggests that rheumatologists should serve as the main diagnostic force of this disease， and they should improve patient participation in treatment decision-making， implement exercise therapy， and fully utilize the holistic and multidimensional features of TCM， which is effective in alleviating pain， improving mood， and decreasing adverse events. In addition， it is suggested that FMS treatment should rely on both TCM and Western medicine and adopt multidisciplinary joint treatment， which is expected to improve the standard of diagnosis and treatment of FMS in China.

Objective:To study the clinical manifestations, genetic profiles and treatment of Kagami-Ogata syndrome (KOS).Methods:A neonate admitted to our hospital was genetically diagnosed of KOS from amniocentesis sampling. The phenotype, genotype and treatment of the neonate were analyzed. Multiple databases were searched using key words including "Kagami-Ogata syndrome", "14q32 microdeletion syndrome", "coat-hanger ribs", "paternal uniparental disomy (pUPD)(14) " from the inception of the databases to Jan. 23th 2023. The clinical features, genotype and treatment of patients from the literature were summarized.Results:The neonate in our hospital was born at 30 weeks gestational age with a birth weight of 2 035 g. Prenatal ultrasound indicated overgrowth, bilateral fetal renal pelvis dilatation (FRPD), dilatation of intestines in lower abdomen, clenched hands with overlapping fingers and polyhydramnios. After birth, the neonate showed progressively worsening respiratory distress, distinct facial features (small jaw, short neck, flat nasal bridge, upward-facing nostrils, small and malformed ears with auricular deformity and narrow external auditory canals), bell-shaped thorax, diastasis recti and abnormal posture (overlapping fingers, clenched fists), as well as feeding difficulties, recurrent fever and dependence of respiratory support. Whole exome sequencing (WES) revealed a 268.2Kb deletion (101034306_101302541) in 14q32.2 region on both the neonate and the mother and the father was otherwise normal. The prognosis was poor and the parents refused further treatment. The neonate died at one month of age after two days of palliative care. A total of 36 articles were identified in the literature review, including 78 KOS cases with complete clinical data (a total of 79 cases adding our case).The primary clinical manifestations included distinctive facial and thoracic abnormalities (79/79, 100%), polyhydramnios (71/75, 94.7%), feeding difficulties (55/63, 87.3%), abdominal wall defects (57/72, 79.2%), joint contractures (39/70, 55.7%) and dependence of respiratory support (29/56, 51.8%). Long-term follow-up revealed 86.8% (59/68) experienced physical, movement and intellectual development delay, 39.7% (25/63) died or gave up treatments within five years. Genetic testing showed pUPD in 44 cases (55.7%), maternal deletions in 23 cases (29.1%), epimutations in 8 cases (10.1%) and unreported variations in 4 cases (5.1%).Conclusions:KOS is a genetic imprinting disorder affecting multiple organs. Prenatal screening can detect abnormalities such as polyhydramnios. Specific clinical signs, radiological findings and 14q32 gene analysis are helpful for the diagnosis of the disease.

Alzheimer's disease （AD） is a neurodegenerative disease often characterized by cognitive impairment in clinical practice. The main pathogenesis includes β amyloid protein （Aβ） excessive deposition， neuroinflammatory response， Tau protein hyperphosphorylation， and other factors， and currently only a few chemical drugs have been approved for clinical treatment of AD. The mechanism of action is relatively single， so it is imperative to find new treatment strategies. Traditional Chinese medicine theory believes that the loss of nourishment in the brain and marrow， as well as the loss of vital energy， is the internal mechanisms underlying the occurrence and development of AD， which runs through the entire treatment process. The pathogenesis of AD is closely related to the inflammasome signaling pathway of nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）. Activating the NLRP3 signaling pathway increases neuroinflammatory response， intervenes in microglial polarization， and regulates Aβ sedimentation， cellular autophagy， brain homeostasis， etc. This article takes the NLRP3 signaling pathway as the starting point to sort out and summarize the upstream and downstream targets under the AD mechanism in the past five years， as well as the research on the NLRP3 signal pathway targets with the participation of the relevant traditional Chinese medicine compounds， such as Danggui Shaoyaosan， modified Shuyu Wan， Qingxin Kaiqiao prescription， Kaixin San， Jiedu Yizhi prescription， and modified Buwang San， traditional Chinese medicine monomer extracts， such as silibinin， Lycium barbarum polysaccharides， liquiritigenin， salidroside， baicalin， cinnamaldehyde， betaine， acacetin， and Hericium erinaceus， and acupuncture and moxibustion. It also reviews the latest achievements in the prevention and treatment of AD. This study provides ideas and directions for in-depth research on the prevention and treatment of cognitive dysfunction related diseases with traditional Chinese medicine.

The bone immune microenvironment is closely related to the onset and progression of bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. The Chinese medicine diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis bone destruction is mostly "deficiency of liver and kidney", "damp-heat paralysis and obstruction" and "phlegm stasis and obstruction of ligaments", thus we propose three main treatment principles, including tonifying the liver and kidney, clearing heat and dampness, activating blood and resolving phlegm. In this paper, we try to discuss the ideas and methods of using Chinese medicine to intervene in the bone immune microenvironment from the perspective of the Chinese medicine pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis bone destruction.

The molecularly imprinted polymers membranes(MIPMs)were prepared for selective adsorption of lamotrigine(LTG)in plasma by surface molecular imprinting technology with polyvinylidenefluoride(PVDF)membranes as supporter,lamotrigine as template molecule,methyl methacrylate as functional monomer,ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross-linking agent,azodiisobutyronitrile as initiator and acetonitrile-dimethylformamide(1∶1.5,V/V)as pore-forming agent.The prepared MIPMs were characterized by scanning electron microscope,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,Brunaner-emmet-teller measurements,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and thermogravimetric analysis.The adsorption properties of the materials were investigated by kinetic adsorption,isothermal adsorption,selective adsorption,adsorption-desorption and reusability experiments.The results showed that the imprinted layer of LTG was successfully coated on the surface of PVDF,and the materials had uniform particle size.The adsorption capacity and imprinting factor of the MIPMs towards LTG were 3.77 mg/g and 8.97,respectively.The nanomaterials showed fast mass transfer rate(30 min)and good reusability(the adsorption efficiency was 86.66%after 6 cycles),and could be used for the adsorption of LTG in plasma with low matrix interference,recoveries of 86.54%-90.48%and RSD of 1.51%-3.15%(n=5).The proposed LTG MIPMs were demonstrated to be simple and environment friendly,and had high selectivity in rapid separation and extraction of LTG in plasma.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Guizhi Fulingwan on oxidative stress and renal fibrosis in diabetic mice based on the nuclear factor E₂-associated factor 2/antioxidant response element （Nrf2/ARE） pathway， and to explore its mechanism of action. MethodA diabetic mouse model was established by feeding high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The diabetic mice were divided into a model group， a metformin group （250 mg·kg^-1）， and Guizhi Fulingwan low， medium， and high dose groups （400.4， 800.8， 1 601.6 mg·kg^-1）， with 10 mice in each group. Another 10 mice were included in a normal group. The treatment was conducted continuously for 8 weeks. Body mass and blood glucose were recorded， and the renal index was calculated. Triglyceride （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， urea nitrogen （BUN）， serum creatinine （SCr）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， and malondialdehyde （MDA） levels were measured. Pathological changes in renal tissues were observed using Hematoxylin-eosin， periodate-Schiff， and Masson staining. The protein levels of α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）， fibronectin （FN）， and transforming growth factor-β₁ （TGF-β₁） were detected by immunohistochemistry. The protein levels of Nrf2， Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 （Keap1）， SOD1， NAD（P）H single-nucleotide oxidase 1 （NQO1）， and heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） were detected by Western blot. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed elevated glucose， renal index， TG， TC， BUN， and SCr levels， thickened glomerular basement membrane， increased collagen fibers in renal tissues， decreased SOD activity， elevated MDA content， increased protein levels of FN， TGF-β₁， α-SMA， and Keap1， and decreased protein levels of Nrf2， SOD1， NQO1， and HO-1 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Guizhi Fulingwan and metformin groups showed reduced blood glucose， renal index， TG， TC， BUN， and SCr levels， improved renal histopathological injury， significantly increased SOD activity， significantly reduced MDA content， reduced protein levels of FN， TGF-β₁， α-SMA， and Keap1， and increased protein levels of Nrf2， SOD1， NQO1， and HO-1 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionGuizhi Fulingwan can improve oxidative stress and inhibit renal fibrosis， and its mechanism may be related to the activation of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway.