Objective To investigate the prevalence of Echinococcus infections in small rodents around human residential areas in Yushu City, Qinghai Province in 2023, so as to provide insights into precision echinococcosis control. Methods One or two quadrats, each measuring 50 m × 50 m, were randomly assigned in Shanglaxiu Township and Longbao Township, Yushu City, Qinghai Province on June 2023, respectively, and 300 plate-type mouse traps, each measuring 12.0 cm × 6.5 cm, were assigned in each quadrat. Small rodents were captured during the period between 10 : 00 and 18 : 00 each day for 4 days. Then, all captured small rodents were identified and dissected, and liver specimens with suspected Echinococcus infections were subjected to pathological examinations. The Echinococcus cytochrome c oxidase 1 (cox1) gene was amplified using PCR assay, and the sequence of the amplified product was aligned to that was recorded in the GenBank to characterize the parasite species. In addition, a phylogenetic tree of Echinococcus was generated based on the cox1 gene sequence using the neighbor-joining method. Results A total of 236 small rodents were captured in Shanglaxiu and Longbao townships, Yushu City, including 65 Qinghai voles and 51 plateau pikas in Shanglaxiu Township, and 62 Qinghai voles and 58 plateau pikas in Longbao Township, and there was no significant difference in the constituent ratio of small rodents between the two townships (χ² = 0.294, P > 0.05). Seven plateau pikas and 12 Qinghai voles were suspected to be infected with Echinococcus by dissection, and pathological examinations showed unclear structure of hepatic lobules and disordered hepatocyte arrangement in livers of small rodents suspected of Echinococcus infections. PCR assay identified E. shiquicus DNA in 7 Qinghai voles, which were all captured from Shanglaxiu Township. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the cox1 gene sequence of Echinococcus in small rodents was highly homologous to the E. shiquicus cox1 gene sequence reported previously. Conclusion Plateau pika and Qinghai vole were predominant small rodents around human residential areas in Yushu City, Qinghai Province in 2023, and E. shiquicus infection was detected in Qinghai voles.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Objective:To explore the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) from imaging perspective by analyzing voxel-based morphology (VBM) and functional connectivity (FC) in resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).Methods:Thirty-five patients with NPSLE and 30 patients with non-NPSLE admitted to Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from June 2020 to March 2023 were enrolled; 31 healthy subjects were included as healthy control group during the same period. All subjects completed routine MRI and rs-fMRI, laboratory tests (C3, C4, IgA, IgM and IgG levels), mini-mental state examination (MMSE), hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), and fatigue scale for motor and cognitive functions (FSMC). Whole brain gray matter volume in subjects of the 3 groups was analyzed by VBM method, and the brain regions enjoying significant differences in gray matter volume between the NPSLE group and non-NPSLE group were selected as regions of interest (ROIs) for whole brain FC analysis. Partial correlation method was used to analyze the correlations of imaging indexes in brain regions enjoying significant differences with clinical indexes and imaging scores between NPSLE group and non-NPSLE group. Efficacy of imaging indexes in brain regions enjoying significant difference in differentiating NPSLE from non-NPSLE was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:(1) Covariance analysis among the 3 groups showed that the gray matter volume in the left inferior frontal gyrus of orbit, left superior frontal gyrus, right rectus gyrus, right transverse temporal gyrus, and right superior frontal gyrus was significantly different among the 3 groups ( P<0.001, FDR corrected); compared with the healthy control group, the NPSLE group had significantly reduced gray matter volume in the left inferior frontal gyrus of orbit, left superior frontal gyrus of orbit, right rectus gyrus, right transverse temporal gyrus, and right superior frontal gyrus ( P<0.001, FDR corrected); compared with the non-NPSLE group, the NPSLE group had significantly decreased gray matter volume in the left inferior frontal gyrus of orbit, right rectus gyrus, and right transverse temporal gyrus ( P<0.001, FDR corrected). (2) Whole brain FC analysis with brain regions enjoying significant differences as seed points showed that Fisher z-transformed FC (zFC) in the right transverse temporal gyrus and bilateral postcentral gyrus of the NPSLE group were significantly decreased ( P<0.001, FDR corrected). (3) Partial correlation analysis showed that, in the NPSLE group, zFC from the right transverse temporal gyrus to left posterior central gyrus was negatively correlated with disease course ( r=-0.390, P=0.027); gray matter volume in the right orbital superior frontal gyrus was negatively correlated with FSMC-cognitive ( r=-0.401, P=0.023); the gray matter volume in the right orbital superior frontal gyrus was negatively correlated with FSMC-motor ( r=-0.374, P=0.035). (4) ROC curve found that gray matter volume in the right rectus gyrus and zFC from the right transverse temporal gyrus to the right posterior central gyrus had relatively high efficacy in differentiating NPSLE from non-NPSLE, with AUC of 0.771 (95% CI: 0.658-0.885, P<0.001) and 0.794 (95% CI: 0.685-0.904, P<0.001), respectively. Conclusion:NPSLE patients have reduced gray matter volume in multiple brain regions (concentrating in the prefrontal limbic system); and reduced FC with some brain regions is noted; multiple indexes are correlated with clinical indexes.

Objective: To measure the body mass index (BMI) of secondary school students and analyze its association with the physical fitness index, so as to improve the physical health of middle school students. Methods: Using a randomized cluster stratified sampling method, 3 813 secondary school students from six cities (Ganzhou, Ji an, Fuzhou, Nanchang, Shangrao and Jiujiang) in Jiangxi Province, China, were selected in September 2022. Questionnaire survey was administered to obtain basic information and to assess the nutritional status and physical fitness tests were conducted among secondary school students. The study was stratified by gender and age, and the Kruskal Wallis H test was used to compare the differences in the mean values of grip strength, sit-ups, standing long jump performance and strength quality among secondary school students with different BMI levels, while the correlation between BMI and strength quality index was inferred by using curve regression analysis. Results: There was statistical significance in the strength quality index of middle school students with different BMI level ( H=56.79, 8.84, P <0.05). Except 13 years old group, the difference of physical fitness by BMI grade strength quality index of boys in other age groups was statistically significant ( H =22.21, 16.23, 17.98, 18.21, 8.08), while the difference of physical fitness by BMI of girls at 14 years old was statistically significant ( H =9.11)( P <0.05). The curve fitting using regression showed that the physical fitness index and BMI of middle school students (boys and girls) show an inverted U-shaped curve. The physical fitness index was higher in the middle region of BMI ( Z-score) and lower in the two end regions, while showing a decreasing trend from the middle to the two ends. Conclusion An association is found between BMI and physical fitness among secondary school students in Jiangxi Province, and wasting and overweight/obesity are negatively correlated with physical fitness. Greater attention should be paid to the nutritional status of secondary school students to ensure the normal development of physical fitness.

Chronic prostatitis(CP)/chronic pelvic-pain syndrome(CPPS)is a common urinary-system disease with a high incidence in young and middle-aged men,seriously affecting patients'ability to work and their quality of life(QoL).Western medicine(WM)has some limitations in treating CP/CPPS.Acupuncture is an ancient Chinese medical method that is commonly used to treat this condition and has a relatively good effect on it.Many randomized controlled trials(RCTs)on this subject have been published.For this study,we searched the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Chinese Science and Technology Pe-riodical(VIP),Wanfang,SinoMed,and PubMed databases for RCTs on acupuncture treatment of CP/CPPS in the last 5 years(2016/01/01-2021/12/01).In addition,we conducted analysis and research,aiming to summarize acupuncture treatment in CP/CPPS RCTs and the clinical efficacy,with the goal of providing clinical reference.A total of 466 related documents were retrieved in the search,and 62 articles were retained after screening.We obtained RCT information on acupuncture treatment of CP/CPPS.The results showed that several relevant clinical studies have been performed over the last 5 years and that acupuncture and moxibustion have better curative effect on CP/CPPS than WM.Due to the small number of included studies,more experimental evidence is needed to verify the clinical efficacy of acupuncture.

Objective:To investigate the role of chest wall elastic resistance in determining the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on central venous pressure (CVP) in patients with mechanical ventilation (MV).Methods:In this prospective study, according to the median of ratio of chest wall elastic resistance to respiratory system elastic resistance (Ers), patients were divided into high chest wall elastic resistance group (Ecw/Ers≥0.24) and low chest wall elastic resistance group [elastance of chest wall (Ecw)/Ers<0.24]. PEEP was set at 5, 10, 15 cmH 2O (1 cmH 2O=0.098 kPa) respectively. Clinical data including CVP, heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and respiratory mechanics were recorded. Results:Seventy patients receiving MV were included from November 2017 to December 2018. Clinical characteristics including age, BP, HR, baseline PEEP, the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen (P/F) and comorbidities were comparable in two groups. However, patients with high Ecw/Ers ratio presented higher body mass index (BMI) than those with low Ecw/Ers ratio[ (25.4±3.2) kg/m 2 vs. (23.4±3.2) kg/m 2, P=0.011]. As PEEP increased from 5 cmH 2O to 10 cmH 2O, CVP in high Ecw/Ers group increased significantly compared with that in low Ecw/Ers group [1.75(1.00, 2.13) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133kPa) vs. 1.50(0.50, 2.00)mmHg, P=0.038], which was the same as PEEP increased from 10 cmH 2O to 15 cmH 2O [2.00(1.50, 3.00)mmHg vs. 1.50(1.00, 2.00)mmHg, P=0.041] or PEEP increased from 5 cmH 2O to 15 cmH 2O [ 3.75(3.00,4.63)mmHg vs. 3.00(1.63, 4.00)mmHg, P=0.012]. When PEEP increased from 5 cmH 2O to 10 cmH 2O, 10 cmH 2O to 15 cmH 2O and 10 cmH 2O to 15 cmH 2O, there were significant correlations between Ecw/Ers and CVP elevation ( r=0.29, P=0.016; r=0.31, P=0.011; r=0.31, P=0.01 respectively). Conclusions:In patients receiving mechanical ventilation, elevation of PEEP leads to a synchronous change of CVP, which is corelated with patients′ chest wall elastic resistances.

It has been reported that ODB genes play an important role in homologous recombination-directed DNA repair, suggesting their potential applications in plant breeding. To analyze the expression characteristics of tobacco NtODB gene, the cDNA sequence of NtODB was obtained using in silico cloning technique. The physicochemical properties, signal peptide, and advanced structures of the predicted protein were analyzed using bioinformatics tools. The results showed that the NtODB gene has a 579-bp open reading frame which encodes a protein with 192 amino acid residues. The protein NtODB is predicted to be alkaline and hydrophilic. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that NtODB was constitutively expressed in different tissues. Subcellular localization showed that NtODB was mainly expressed in cell membrane and chloroplast. These results may help us to better understand and elucidate the roles of ODB genes in the homologous recombination-directed DNA repair.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Computational Biology ; Computer Simulation ; DNA, Complementary ; Phylogeny ; Plant Breeding ; Tobacco/genetics*

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of CT virtual colonoscopy with carbon dioxide (CO 2) versus room air and the effects of bowel cleanliness on polyp detection rate. Methods:A total of 186 patients who underwent CT virtual colonoscopy in the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University (Hangzhou Second People's Hospital), China between October 2015 and November 2020 were included in this study. They were randomly divided into CO 2 and control groups ( n = 93/group). In the CO 2 and control groups, CO 2 and room air were respectively injected through the anus to fill the intestinal cavity. The Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) score, abdominal distension score, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, Bruggrmann comfort scale (BCS) score and polyp detection rate were compared between the two groups. Results:According to BBPS score, there were 62 and 60 patients with good bowel cleanliness (BBPS score ≥ 7 points), and 31 and 33 patients with poor bowel cleanliness (BBPS score < 7 points) in the CO 2 and control groups, respectively. There were no significant differences in abdominal distension score, VAS score and BCS score measured during the examination between the two groups (all P > 0.05). At 30 minutes after examination, abdominal distension score and VAS score in the CO 2 group were (2.21 ± 0.40) points and (1.43 ± 0.34) points, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(3.50 ± 0.49) points, (3.03 ± 0.55) points, t = 2.59, 2.38, both P < 0.05)]. At 60 minutes after examination, abdominal distension score, VAS score and BCS score in the CO 2 group were (1.15 ± 0.39) points, (1.22 ± 0.28) points, (1.27 ± 0.35) points, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(2.16 ± 0.43) points, (1.91 ± 0.32) points, (1.85 ± 0.37) points, t = 2.45, 2.27, 2.40, all P < 0.05). The detection rate of small (< 6 mm) - and large (≥ 6 mm) -sized polyps in the CO 2 group was 32.7% (34/104) and 88.1% (37/42), respectively and they were 29.0% (29/100) and 85.1% (40/47) respectively in the control group. There were no significant differences in the detection rate of small- and large-sized polyps between CO 2 and control groups (both P > 0.05). The detection rate of large-sized polyps in patients with good bowel cleanliness in the CO 2 group was 92.3% (24/26) and 89.7% (26/29), respectively, which were significantly higher than those in patients with poor bowel cleanliness in the control group [81.3% (13/16), 77.8% (14/18), χ2 = 6.03, 6.44, both P < 0.05]. The detection rate of small-sized polyps in patients with poor bowel cleanliness in the CO 2 group was 41.9% (26/62) and 42.9% (21/49), respectively, which were significantly higher than those in patients with poor bowel cleanliness in the control group [19.0% (8/42), 15.7% (8/51), χ2 = 15.32, 13.78, both P < 0.01]. Conclusion:CT virtual colonoscopy with CO 2 injection is less uncomfortable than CT virtual colonoscopy with room air and it does not affect polyp detection rate. Bowel cleanliness has a remarkable effect on polyp detection rate in virtual colonoscopy.

India is rich of traditional medicine knowledge. Due to inadequate protection on its traditional medicine knowledge, some of them have been illegally possessed or used by other countries, resulting in huge economic and cultural losses. In order to prevent such issues from happening, the Indian government has formulated a series of policies to protect and rationally develop traditional medicine knowledge, taken up many effective measures, such as collecting and archiving traditional medical knowledge, formulating laws and policies, establishing an administrative supervision system for traditional medicine knowledge, establish a Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL), as well as build a traditional medical knowledge registration and invention patent system. It also establishes an investment foundation, and conducts intellectual property culture building. At present, India has formed a relatively complete protection system for traditional medicine knowledge, which has achieved good results and gained recognition. To summarize the experience of traditional medicine knowledge protection in India can provide reference for China.

Objective To analyze the hemodynamic parameters of anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the left coronary artery sinus (AORL) based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD), so as to make an evaluation of the disease. Methods A normal right coronary artery (RCA) case and an AORL case were selected. Two models were reconstructed in Mimics software and imported into ANSYS CFX software for hemodynamics simulation. The hemodynamics of normal RCA model and AORL model were compared. Results AORL model had a smaller volume flow (9.35 cm3/s), which might lead to insufficient blood supply downstream of the RCA; the pressure at the acute corner of AORL model (13.78 kPa) was lower than normal RCA model (14.9 kPa); the wall shear stress (WSS) of AORL model (12.83 Pa) was larger than that of normal RCA model (9.74 Pa); the total deformation of AORL model was relatively large. Conclusions The entrance velocity and pressure of AORL were lower than those of normal RCA, which might lead to ischemic symptoms. The research findings are of theoretical significance for the effective evaluation of ischemia and other diseases in clinic.