BACKGROUND:During tissue repair and regeneration,macrophages exhibit multiple activities such as promoting inflammation,anti-inflammation,fibrosis,and wound healing at various stages of tissue damage.The heterogeneity and balanced polarization of macrophages are decisive in organ repair. OBJECTIVE:To explore the research hotspots and development trends in the field of macrophage polarization in tissue repair through visualization analysis methods,as well as the research level of global scientific and clinical workers in this field. METHODS:Using bibliometric analysis methods,this study employed Citespace literature visualization analysis software and VOSviewer tools,retrieving related literature from 2013 to 2023 in the Web of Science Core Collection's Science Citation Index Expanded(SCI-Expanded)and Social Sciences Citation Index Expanded(SSCI-Expanded)databases.The analysis results were presented in a dynamic map format,revealing the main trends and focuses of the research. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The number of publications in this field had dramatically increased from 2013 to 2023,with a significant rise starting in 2017.Chinese researchers had the highest number of publications,with 642 papers,while American researchers began focusing on this field early on.Professor Elisseeff Hennifer H had made a substantial contribution to the research in this area.Shanghai Jiao Tong University had produced the most publications.In recent years,keywords such as"hyaluronic acid"and"regulation"had been prevalent.Macrophage polarization research in tissue repair primarily concentrates on its multifunctional regulatory mechanisms,interactions with other cell types,and its behavior under specific pathological conditions.The main research areas include the role of macrophages in wound healing,cardiovascular diseases,chronic inflammation,tumor microenvironments,and regenerative medicine.A deeper understanding of the multifunctionality and polarization mechanisms of macrophages can lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies to enhance tissue repair and regeneration,thereby improving patient treatment outcomes.

OBJECTIVE To provide a reference for the improvement of the clinical pharmacy undergraduate internship education in China. METHODS The status of clinical pharmacy undergraduate internship education in China was briefly summarized， and suggestions on its future development based on advanced methods of domestic and abroad were provided. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS In China， undergraduate students of clinical pharmacy were required to undergo hospital internships for no less than 42 weeks. The internship took place in both pharmacy and clinical departments in hospitals. Students’ performance was usually assessed at the end of the internship. The mainstream teaching patterns included on-site teaching， simulation teaching， case-based discussion teaching， medical and pharmaceutical joint teaching， team-based teaching， academic exchange， and so on. The form of assessment had also shifted from final evaluations to more dynamic formats. The clinical pharmacy undergraduate internship education in China can adopt teaching models such as the layered teaching approach， establish pre-internship assessment or training， and encourage interns to participate in social pharmacy practice and directly interact with patients， etc.， so as to improve the effect of internship.

Objective:To explore the medication law of TCM in the treatment of superficial vein thrombosis (SVT) using data mining.Methods:Literature about TCM in the treatment of SVT was retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP from the establishment of the databases to November 27th, 2022. WPS 12.1.0.15990 was used to conduct statistical analysis on drug frequency, property and taste and meridian. The association rules and systematic clustering were carried out by SPSS Modeler 18.0 and SPSS Statistics 25.0. Finally the medication law of TCM in the treatment of SVT was summarized and refined.Results:A total of 281 articles were included, including 245 internal prescriptions with 182 kinds of Chinese materia medica, and 123 external prescriptions with 188 kinds of Chinese materia medica. The high frequency used oral Chinese materia medica were mainly Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, Cyathulae Radix, while the high frequency drugs used externally mainly included Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex, Carthami Flos. These Chinese materia medica were mainly heat-clearing and blood-stasis activators drugs. The medicinal properties of high frequency oral Chinese materia medica were mainly slightly cold, flat and cold,and the tastes were mainly bitter and sweet, and the meridian were mainly liver, heart, spleen and lung. The medicinal properties of high-frequency external Chinese materia medica were mainly cold and warm, and the tastes were mainly bitter and pungent, and the meridian were mainly liver, heart, spleen and stomach. There were 22 rules of association for internal TCM and 7 for external use. The clustering analysis divided oral drugs into 5 categories and topical drugs into 4 categories.Conclusion:TCM treatment of SVT is based on clearing heat, activating blood circulation and resolving blood stasis, and matching with the syndromes, which reflects the holistic concept of TCM and the perspective of syndrome differentiation and treatment.

ObjectiveTo explore the syndrome elements and evolving patterns of patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute on chronic liver failure （HBV-ACLF） at different stages. MethodsClinical information of 1,058 hospitalized HBV-ACLF patients， including 618 in the early stage， 355 in the middle stage， and 85 in the late stage， were collected from 18 clinical centers across 12 regions nationwide from January 1， 2012 to February 28， 2015. The “Hepatitis B-related Chronic and Acute Liver Failure Chinese Medicine Clinical Questionnaire” were designed to investigate the basic information of the patients， like the four diagnostic information （including symptoms， tongue， pulse） of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， and to count the frequency of the appearance of the four diagnostic information. Factor analysis and cluster analysis were employed to determine and statistically analyze the syndrome elements and patterns of HBV-ACLF patients at different stages. ResultsThere were 76 four diagnostic information from 1058 HBV-ACLF patients， and 53 four diagnostic information with a frequency of occurrence ≥ 5% were used as factor analysis entries， including 36 symptom information， 12 tongue information， and 5 pulse information. Four types of TCM patterns were identified in HBV-ACLF， which were liver-gallbladder damp-heat pattern， qi deficiency and blood stasis pattern， liver-kidney yin deficiency pattern， and spleen-kidney yang-deficiency pattern. In the early stage， heat （39.4%， 359/912） and dampness （27.5%， 251/912） were most common， and the pattern of the disease was dominated by liver-gallbladder damp-heat pattern （74.6%， 461/618）； in the middle stage， dampness （30.2%， 187/619） and blood stasis （20.7%， 128/619） were most common， and the patterns of the disease were dominated by liver-gallbladder damp-heat pattern （53.2%， 189/355）， and qi deficiency and blood stasis pattern （27.6%， 98/355）； and in the late stage， the pattern of the disease was dominated by qi deficiency （26.3%， 40/152） and yin deficiency （20.4%， 31/152）， and the patterns were dominated by qi deficiency and blood stasis pattern （36.5%， 31/85）， and liver-gallbladder damp-heat pattern （25.9%， 22/85）. ConclusionThere are significant differences in the distribution of syndrome elements and patterns at different stages of HBV-ACLF， presenting an overall trend of evolving patterns as "from excess to deficiency， transforming from excess to deficiency"， which is damp-heat → blood stasis → qi-blood yin-yang deficiency.

BACKGROUND: Obtaining synovial fluid for diagnostic test of periprosthetic joint infection is invasive and painful to patients. Platelet count is a regular blood test which has been used as a possible predictor of several infectious diseases. Presumably, it could be one of the indicators of periprosthetic joint infection. OBJECTIVE: To identify the accuracies of platelet combined with white blood cell, erythrocyte sedimentation rate or C-reactive protein in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection. METHODS: Patients undergoing revision arthroplasty from March 2013 to December 2018 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine were retrospectively enrolled. A diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection was confirmed in 77 patients according to the criterions from the Musculoskeletal Infection Society; the remaining 137 patients were confirmed as aseptic cases. White blood cell, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, or C-reactive protein and platelet count were compared between the two groups. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The platelet values were significantly increased in periprosthetic joint infection cases. Sensitivity and specificity of the platelet for periprosthetic joint infection were 64.94％ and 86.13％, respectively. Platelet demonstrated a higher accuracy when compared to erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein. In such cases, the platelet shows a certain reference value in confirming the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection. Platelet was enough used as adjunct diagnostic tool in patients suspected with periprosthetic joint infection.

Objective To investigate the correlation between inflammatory cells, body temperature changes, and TCM syndromes of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) patients in acute and subacute phases. Methods The data of age, gender, body temperature, blood routine, venous ultrasonography, and four diagnostic information of 130 DVT patients in acute and subcute phases were collected and analyzed in a cross-sectional study. The correlation between inflammatory cells and the changes of body temperature and TCM syndromes were analyzed. Results Among 130 DVT patients, 37 patients had damp-heat syndrome, 64 patients had blood stasis and dampness syndrome, and 29 patients had qi stagnation syndrome. Neutrophils increased most obviously in blood stasis and dampness syndrome (P<0.05), which had close correlation with the skin redness (OR=1.287, 95%CI: 9.412-21.247). The mononuclear cells increased most obviously in the damp-heat syndrome, which has close correlation with nouhof (OR=7.364, 95%CI:1.189–45.603), high skin temperature (OR=6.683, 95%CI:1.791–24.938), skin tightness (OR=6.107, 95%CI:1.423–26.203) and weakness (OR=3.302, 95%CI: 1.002–9.169). The temperature rising was the most common in the damp-heat syndrome, and the increase of mononuclear cells was the most common one. Conclusion DVT is often accompanied with elevated levels of inflammatory cells and body temperature. Damp-heat syndrome has close correlation with body temperature and mononuclear cells increasing. Dampness and blood stasis syndrome and neutrophils are closely related.

Objective To investigate the effect of sleeve gastrectomy on the intestinal barrier of obesity rats fed with high-fat diet.Methods Thirty obesity rats fed with high-fat diet were randomly divided into three groups including common diet group (CD,n=10),sham operation group (SO,n=10) and sleeve gastrectomy group (SG,n=10).The lactulose/mannitol ratios (L/M) in 24-hour urine and endotoxin in portal vein were evaluated four weeks after surgery.The levels of tight junction proteins including claudin-1 and occludin in intestinal mucosa were analyzed by western blot.Results The body weight of SG group was significantly decreased than those of CD group (P<0.001) and SO group (P<0.001) four weeks after surgery.The L/M ratio in 24-hour urine of SG group was significantly lower than those of CD group (P<0.001) and SO group (P<0.01).The endotoxin level in portal vein of SG group was significantly lower than those of CD group (P<0.01) and SO group (P<0.05).The claudin-1 level in intestinal mucosa of SG group was significantly higher than those of CD group (P<0.001) and SO group (P<0.01) four weeks after surgery.The occludin level in intestinal mucosa of SG group was significantly higherthan those of CD group (P<0.001) and SO group (P<0.001).Conclusions Sleeve gastrectomy can reduce body weight,L/M ratio in 24-hour urine and endotoxin level in portal vein of obesity rat fed with high-fat diet and increase the levels of claudin-1 and occludin in intestinal mucosa.

Objective To observe the effect of preoperative oral administration of carbohydrate on blood glucose,insulin resistance(IR) and inflammatory reaction after gastrointestinal operation.Methods 48 patients receiving gastrointestinal operation were randomly divided into the study group(n =23)and the control group(n =25).Patients in the study group were orally given 25％ glucose solution 300 ml 3 hours before operation.Before anesthesia induction,gastric contents were aspirated through nasogastric tube to examine its volume and pH.Serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hsCRP),fasting blood glucose,insulin level and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance(HOMA-IR) were detected before operation and on the first morning after operation between the two groups.Results No anesthesia or operation related complications occurred in either groups.Patients had similar gastric contents volume and the PH value of gastric contents.There was no significant difference in serum hsCRP,fasting blood glucose and HOMA-IR between the two groups before operation.But on the first day,fasting blood glucose,HOMA-IR and hsCRP were significantly lower in the study group than in the control group(6.51 ±1.15 vs 7.49 ±0.57 mmol/L,P =0.038;4.34 ± 1.60 vs 6.09 ±2.81,P =0.043;40.45 ± 27.02 vs 80.02 ± 38.98 mg/L,P =0.03).Conclusion Preoperative oral administration of carbohydrate can obviously lower the postoperative blood glucose level and insulin resistance and alleviate postoperative inflammatory reaction.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and clinicopathological features and long-term prognosis of gastric cancer patients after radical gastrectomy.Methods The clinical data of 135 gastric cancer patients who underwent radical gastrectomy in this hospital from 2002 to 2006 was analyzed retrospectively.The PNI value was calculated by serum albumin (g/L) + 5 x lymphocyte count (× 109/L).The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Youden index was used to determine the cutoff value of the PNI.Survival curves were described by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the Log-rank test.The univariate and multivariate analyses were performed with the Cox proportional hazard model to identify the prognostic factors.Result The mean PNI value was 47.3 ± 5.9.The mean values of the PNI in age (t =2.909,P =0.004),tumor size (t =2.227,P =0.028),tumor depth (t =3.314,P =0.001),negative lymph node (t =2.381,P =0.019),negative lymphovascular invasion (t =2.781,P =0.006) were significantly higher than those in patients without such factors.When the PNI was 47,the Youden index was maximal,with a sensitivity of 70％ and specificity of 63％.The mean age in high PNI group was significantly lower than that in low PNI group (x2 =6.443,P =0.011).Tumor infiltration depth in high PNI group was less than in low PNI group (x2 =7.394,P =0.007).The proportion of lymphovascular invasion in high PNI group was significantly lower than in low PNI group (x2 =4.540,P =0.033).The overall survival rate in high PNI group was higher than in low PNI group (P =0.002).The univariate and multivariate analyses showed that tumor location (OR,2.144 ; 95 ％ CI 1.239-3.712 ; P =0.006),lymph node metastasis (OR,4.887 ; 95 ％ CI 1.856-12.866 ; P =0.001),lymphovascular invasion (OR,1.842 ; 95％ CI 1.078-3.145 ; P =0.025) and the PNI value (OR,2.282 ; 95 ％ CI 1.344-3.874 ; P =0.002) were independent factors for predicting overall survival rate.Conclusions The PNI value is a simple and useful tool to predict the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To explore a simple and accurate method for localization of upper airway obstruction in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and provide instructions for surgical treatment. METHOD: Fifty OSAHS patients confirmed by PSG underwent acoustic rhinometric and pharyngometric assessment by Eccovision. The parameters were recorded, including nasal minimal cross-sectional area (NMCA), distance of MCA from the nostril (DCAN), minimum cross-sectional area at the nasal valve(MCA), nasal resistance (NR) and nasal volume from 0 to 6 cm from the nostril (NCV), as well as pharyngeal cross-sectional area (CSA) and volume from 4.8 to 15.0 cm. The sensitivity and specificity of acoustic rhinometry and pharyngometry on localization of airway obstruction was determined by a comprehensive imaging and endoscopic study. RESULT: In 50 cases with severe OSAHS, NMCA, DCAN, MCA, NCV, NR were (0.61 +/- 0.35) cm2, (2.06 +/- 0.12) cm, (0.87 +/- 0.12) cm2, (9.24 +/- 2.31)cm3 and (0.51 +/- 0.32)kPa/(L x min), respectively. Pharyngeal CSA and volume were statistically significantly lower than that in control group (P < 0.01). The value of DCAN was (2.06 +/- 0.12) cm, (9.50 +/- 4.08) cm, (13.10 +/- 2.52) cm in type I II, III patient, respectively. Compared with the control group, the difference was statistically significant. CONCLUSION Acoustic rhinometry and pharyngometry is a simple and safe method in localization of airway obstruction in patients with OSAHS.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Cavity ; physiopathology ; Nasopharynx ; physiopathology ; Rhinometry, Acoustic ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; physiopathology ; Young Adult