Objective To observe the clinical effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) characteristic lung rehabilitation in treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and TCM syndrome of lung and kidney qi deficiency at stable period. Methods Sixty patients with stable COPD and lung and kidney qi deficiency syndrome admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine from June to August 2017 were enrolled, and they were divided into routine treatment group and lung rehabilitation treatment group according to the random number table method, each group 30 cases. The routine treatment group was given Seretide (serevent/futicasone) dry powderi nhalation therapy; on the basis of therapy in the routine treatment group, the lung rehabilitation treatment group was treated with TCM characteristic lung rehabilitation technology (acupoint application + Chinese medicine ionic induction + oral administration of Chinese medicine Liuweibuqi granules, delivery at appropriate intervals); both groups were treated for 2 months. The changes of TCM syndrome score, western medicine symptom score, the times of acute exacerbation of COPD, COPD assessment test (CAT) score, lung function indexes: forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) were observed before and after treatment in two groups. Results After treatment, TCM syndrome score, western medicine symptom score, CAT score, and after treatment the times of acute exacerbation of COPD in both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment, and the above indexes in the lung rehabilitation treatment group were markedly lower than those in routine treatment group [TCM syndrome score:11.93±1.80 vs. 14.27±2.88, western medicine symptom score: 14.20±2.75 vs. 11.93±4.23, CAT score: 14.87±2.60 vs. 16.23±4.39, the times of acute exacerbation of COPD (times): 0.63±0.49 vs. 0.95±0.83, all P < 0.05]. The improvement of FEV1 in the two groups was not significant; but FEV1/FVC in lung rehabilitation treatment group was obviously higher than that before treatment, FEV1/FVC in lung rehabilitation treatment group was significantly higher than that in the routine treatment group [(57.93±7.27)% vs. (52.49±6.61)%, P < 0.05]. Conclusion The application of TCM characteristic lung rehabilitation in the treatment of COPD patients with stable lung and kidney qi deficiency syndrome based on bronchodilators and glucocorticoids can reduce the number of acute exacerbation, improve the patients' clinical symptoms and living quality, but the improvement of lung function is not significant.

Objective:To construct the rat models of orthotopic bladder cancer induced by N-methyl-nitrosourea (MNU),and to evaluate the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)in the noninvasive diagnosis of the bladder cancer model.Methods:Sixty femail SD rats were divided into experiment group (n=45)and control group (n=15).The rats experiment group were induced with MNU (2 mg per rat)by intravesical administration every other week,for 4 times.Meantime,the rats in control group were treated with normal saline (0.2 mL per rat)by intravesical administration.At the end of the 14th week,all rats were examined by MRI and the pathological changes of bladder tissue were detected.Results:In experiment group,43 rats were alived and 2 rats were died at the end of the 14th week;the survial rate was 95.6% and the death rate was 4.4%;the abnormal signals were found in each of 43 rats by MRI which manifested as bladder tumor, and the same results were identified by pathology;the tumor formation rate was 100%.In control group,14 rats were alived and 1 rat was died at the end of the 14th week;the survival rate was 93.3%,and the death rate was 6.7%;there was no abnormal signal in the MRI examination and no bladder cancer in the pathological examination;the tumor formation rate was 0.The tumor formation rates of bladder cancer of the rats in two groups had significant difference (P <0.05),and the death rate had no significant difference (P >0.05).Conclusion:The method to establish the rat models of orthotopic bladder cancer induced by MNU is simple and reliable;the results of MRI are consistent with the pathological results and MRI examination is a reliable diagnostic method concerning this model.

Objective:To explore the expressions of endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2 S)and its synthases cystathionine beta synthase (CBS)and cystathionine gamma lyase (CSE)in the cell lines of normal bladder and bladder cancer,and to clarify their mechanism in the development of bladder cancer.Methods:The bladder cancer cell lines (5637,T24,UM-UC-3,EJ)and human bladder epithelial cell line SV-HUC-1 were selected.The expressions of CBS and CSE in bladder cancer and normal cell lines were analyzed by Western blotting assay and the productivities of H2 S in cell lines were detected by sensitive sulphur electrode assay.The EJ cells were selected based on the previous experimental results and divided into groups as follows:① 10 μmol· L-1 NaHS group, 50 μmol·L-1 NaHS group,100 μmol·L-1 NaHS group and control group.After drug treatment,the cell survival rate was measured by MTT assay at 24 and 48 h.② 5 μg·L-1 cisplatin group,cisplatin (5 μg·L-1 )+ NaHS (100 μmol·L-1 )group and control group.After medicine treatment,the cell survival rate was measured by MTT assay and the cell apoptotic rate was detected by flow cytometry at 48 h. Results:Compared with the normal bladder cells (SV-HUC-1),the expression levels of CBS and CSE and the productivity of H2 S in the bladder cancer cell lines (5637,T24,UM-UC-3 and EJ)were increased obviously (P <0.05 or P <0.01).Compared with control group,exogenous H2 S promoted the cell proliferation of EJ cells.The cell survival rates were increased with the increase of drug dose (P <0.05),which showed a dose-dependent effect.The cell survival rates were increased with the prolongation of time (P <0.05),which showed a time-dependent effect.After medicine treatment,compared with cisplatin group,the cell viability in cisplatin+NaHS group was increased (P <0.05)and the apoptotic rate was decreased (P <0.05).Conclusion:Endogenous H2 S and its synthases CBS and CSE have an increased expression level in bladder cancer cell lines compared with the normal bladder cells.H2 S can enhance the proliferation of bladder cancer cells and decrease the apoptosis induced by cisplatin.

The method for detecting the negative terms in Chinese electronic medical record (EMR) is useful in providing evidence for constructing concept index. In this respect, we adopted an improved method which combined maximum matching with mutual information in order to extract terms in EMRs. This method can overcome the influence of overlay ambiguity. In addition, for the determination of negative semantic, we also adopted an improved method which combined rule-based method with word co-occurrence. This new method can reduce the probability of appearance of false positive terms caused by punctuation input errors. The result showed that the negative predictive value is 7.85% higher than the rule-based method.
China ; Electronic Health Records ; Probability ; Semantics ; Terminology as Topic

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical significance of vasohibin-1 expression in colorectal cancer tissues and its correlation with vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGF-A) and microvessel density (MVD).

METHODSTumor tissues and paired adjacent normal tissue (distance to cancer >5 cm) from 60 colorectal cancer patients undergoing resection in the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from June 2013 to November 2013 were included in this study. The protein expressions of vasohibin-1, VEGF-A and MVD were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The mRNA expressions of vasohibin-1 and VEGF-A were detected by RT-PCR. The protein expressions of vasohibin-1 and VEGF-A were observed by Western blot. Correlation among parameters was examined.

RESULTSVasohibin-1 expression was mainly localized in the cytoplasm of tumor cells and endothelial cells. VEGF-A expression was mainly localized in the cytoplasm and membrane of tumor cells. The expressions of vasohibin-1, VEGF-A and MVD in colorectal tumor tissues were significantly higher than those in corresponding adjacent tissues [43.3% (26/60) vs. 16.7% (10/60), 51.7%(31/60) vs. 18.3% (11/60), (39.67 ± 16.80)/mm² vs. (17.85 ± 6.43)/mm², all P<0.05]. Higher vasohibin-1 expression was significantly associated with TNM stage and metastasis (P<0.05). Vasohibin-1 expression was positively correlated with VEGF-A and MVD (r=0.378, 0.628, all P<0.05). Vasohibin-1 and VEGF-A mRNA expressions and protein expressions in colorectal cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in corresponding adjacent tissues (all P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONVasohibin-1 expression in colorectal cancer tissues is significantly higher as compared to corresponding adjacent tissues. Vasohibin-1 expression is positively correlated to VEGF-A and MVD, and associated to TNM stage and metastasis. Positive vasohibin-1 expression indicates a poor prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer.

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical effect of graciloplasty using two different gracilis encircled loops and to research the better method for the treatment of fecal incontinence after anoplasty for imperforate anus.

METHODSClinical data of 38 incontinence patients with congenital anal malformation undergoing graciloplasty in our hospitals from January 2009 to January 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty patients received the modified surgery in which the gracilis muscle was transposed anticlockwise into a circum-anal tunnel with a U-loop and its tendon secured to the ipsilateral pectineal ligament. Eighteen patients received the traditional surgery in which the gracilis muscle was wrapped clockwise around the anus with a γ-loop and its tendon secured to the contralateral periosteum of ischial tuberosity or pectineal ligament. All the patients were evaluated via Wexner score and anal manometry before surgery and 2 weeks, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years after surgery. In addition, it was assessed whether the patients had difficulty defecating while squatting after surgery.

RESULTSGeneralized estimating equations showed that the Wexner score in two groups gradually decreased after surgery (P=0.000), but there was no significant difference between two groups (P=0.554). At 2 weeks, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years after surgery, there were respectively 4 cases (20.0%), 3 cases (15.0%), 2 cases (10.0%), 1 case (5.0%), who showed squatting difficult defecation in the U-loop group, and 10 cases (55.6%), 12 cases (66.7%), 10 cases (55.6%), 8 cases (44.4%) in the γ-loop group. The probability of squatting difficult defecation in U-loop group was significantly lower compared to γ-loop group (P=0.002), but the probability of squatting difficult defecation in two groups did not obviously change with time (P=0.057). Repeated measures ANOVA showed that anal resting pressure, anal maximal squeeze pressure, duration of anal squeeze, and rectal maximum tolerable volume in two groups were gradually improved after surgery (all P<0.01), but there were no significant differences between two groups (all P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSGraciloplasty with different gracilis loops can improve anal function. However, U-loop can better improve difficult defecating while squatting, and is worthwhile for spreading in clinical practice.

Objective To develop an ideal substitution material for bladder defect ,which can reduce serious complications of urinary intestinal diversion ,we establish experimental rabbit model of reconstruction the new bladder by ileal seromuscular with transplantation of autologous peritoneum .This animal research provides the basical ground for the experimental model and further clinical application of replacement bladder .Methods Randomly ,seven experimental female rabbits were chosen ,and their body weight was 4 .0-5 .0 kg .By intravenous anesthesia ,the bladder substitute operation was carried out (to transplant the peritoneum to an ileum segment which mucosa had been removed .These flaps were used to mend and reconstruct the bladder by composite cys‐toplasty) .Animals were euthanized at 4 ,8 weeks for routine pathology and immunohistochemistry .Results Seven rabbits under‐went reconstruction ,but three were lost to complications .The length of ileum was 4 .0 cm ,and the area of substitute peritoneum was 4 .0 cm × 2 .5 cm .Voiding behaviour was normal ,and urine was clear in the remainder .At autopsy ,reconstructed bladders were healthy .Pathological examination showed that the technique was successful in creating seromuscular segments with no epithelial remnants .When applied surgically ,the seromuscular flaps with peritoneum survived at 4 weeks and the peritoneum was substituted by transitional epithelium at 8 weeks .Conclusion In this experimental rabbit model ,reconstruction bladder by autologous peritone‐um and seromuscular segment is an ideal approach for which can prevent regrowth by ileal epithelial cells and overcome the compli‐cations of conventional enterocystoplasty .Voiding behaviour is normal in the remainder .This animal study provides the basical ground for the large experimental model and further clinical application of the new enterocysplasty .

Objective To explore the clinical significance of vasohibin-1 expression in colorectal cancer tissues and its correlation with vascular endothelial growth factor A ( VEGF-A ) and microvessel density (MVD). Methods Tumor tissues and paired adjacent normal tissue (distance to cancer >5 cm) from 60 colorectal cancer patients undergoing resection in the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from June 2013 to November 2013 were included in this study. The protein expressions of vasohibin-1, VEGF-A and MVD were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The mRNA expressions of vasohibin-1 and VEGF-A were detected by RT-PCR. The protein expressions of vasohibin-1 and VEGF-A were observed by Western blot. Correlation among parameters was examined. Results Vasohibin-1 expression was mainly localized in the cytoplasm of tumor cells and endothelial cells. VEGF-A expression was mainly localized in the cytoplasm and membrane of tumor cells. The expressions of vasohibin-1, VEGF-A and MVD in colorectal tumor tissues were significantly higher than those in corresponding adjacent tissues [43.3%(26/60) vs. 16.7%(10/60), 51.7%(31/60) vs. 18.3%(11/60), (39.67±16.80)/mm2 vs. (17.85±6.43)/mm2, all P<0.05]. Higher vasohibin-1 expression was significantly associated with TNM stage and metastasis (P<0.05). Vasohibin-1 expression was positively correlated with VEGF-A and MVD (r=0.378, 0.628, all P<0.05). Vasohibin-1 and VEGF-A mRNA expressions and protein expressions in colorectal cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in corresponding adjacent tissues (all P<0.05). Conclusion Vasohibin-1 expression in colorectal cancer tissues is significantly higher as compared to corresponding adjacent tissues. Vasohibin-1 expression is positively correlated to VEGF-A and MVD, and associated to TNM stage and metastasis. Positive vasohibin-1 expression indicates a poor prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer.

Objective To compare the clinical effect of graciloplasty using two different gracilis encircled loops and to research the better method for the treatment of fecal incontinence after anoplasty for imperforate anus. Methods Clinical data of 38 incontinence patients with congenital anal malformation undergoing graciloplasty in our hospitals from January 2009 to January 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty patients received the modified surgery in which the gracilis muscle was transposed anticlockwise into a circum-anal tunnel with a U-loop and its tendon secured to the ipsilateral pectineal ligament. Eighteen patients received the traditional surgery in which the gracilis muscle was wrapped clockwise around the anus with a γ-loop and its tendon secured to the contralateral periosteum of ischial tuberosity or pectineal ligament. All the patients were evaluated via Wexner score and anal manometry before surgery and 2 weeks, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years after surgery. In addition, it was assessed whether the patients had difficulty defecating while squatting after surgery. Results Generalized estimating equations showed that the Wexner score in two groups gradually decreased after surgery (P=0.000), but there was no significant difference between two groups (P=0.554). At 2 weeks, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years after surgery, there were respectively 4 cases (20.0%), 3 cases (15.0%), 2 cases (10.0%), 1 case (5.0%), who showed squatting difficult defecation in the U-loop group, and 10 cases(55.6%), 12 cases(66.7%), 10 cases (55.6%), 8 cases (44.4%) in the γ-loop group. The probability of squatting difficult defecation in U-loop group was significantly lower compared to γ-loop group (P=0.002), but the probability of squatting difficult defecation in two groups did not obviously change with time (P=0.057). Repeated measures ANOVA showed that anal resting pressure, anal maximal squeeze pressure, duration of anal squeeze, and rectal maximum tolerable volume in two groups were gradually improved after surgery (all P<0.01), but there were no significant differences between two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions Graciloplasty with different gracilis loops can improve anal function. However, U-loop can better improve difficult defecating while squatting, and is worthwhile for spreading in clinical practice.

Objective To explore the clinical significance of vasohibin-1 expression in colorectal cancer tissues and its correlation with vascular endothelial growth factor A ( VEGF-A ) and microvessel density (MVD). Methods Tumor tissues and paired adjacent normal tissue (distance to cancer >5 cm) from 60 colorectal cancer patients undergoing resection in the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from June 2013 to November 2013 were included in this study. The protein expressions of vasohibin-1, VEGF-A and MVD were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The mRNA expressions of vasohibin-1 and VEGF-A were detected by RT-PCR. The protein expressions of vasohibin-1 and VEGF-A were observed by Western blot. Correlation among parameters was examined. Results Vasohibin-1 expression was mainly localized in the cytoplasm of tumor cells and endothelial cells. VEGF-A expression was mainly localized in the cytoplasm and membrane of tumor cells. The expressions of vasohibin-1, VEGF-A and MVD in colorectal tumor tissues were significantly higher than those in corresponding adjacent tissues [43.3%(26/60) vs. 16.7%(10/60), 51.7%(31/60) vs. 18.3%(11/60), (39.67±16.80)/mm2 vs. (17.85±6.43)/mm2, all P<0.05]. Higher vasohibin-1 expression was significantly associated with TNM stage and metastasis (P<0.05). Vasohibin-1 expression was positively correlated with VEGF-A and MVD (r=0.378, 0.628, all P<0.05). Vasohibin-1 and VEGF-A mRNA expressions and protein expressions in colorectal cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in corresponding adjacent tissues (all P<0.05). Conclusion Vasohibin-1 expression in colorectal cancer tissues is significantly higher as compared to corresponding adjacent tissues. Vasohibin-1 expression is positively correlated to VEGF-A and MVD, and associated to TNM stage and metastasis. Positive vasohibin-1 expression indicates a poor prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer.