Electromagnetic fields can regulate the fundamental biological processes involved in bone remodeling. As a non-invasive physical therapy, electromagnetic fields with specific parameters have demonstrated therapeutic effects on bone remodeling diseases, such as fractures and osteoporosis. Electromagnetic fields can be generated by the movement of charged particles or induced by varying currents. Based on whether the strength and direction of the electric field change over time, electromagnetic fields can be classified into static and time-varying fields. The treatment of bone remodeling diseases with static magnetic fields primarily focuses on fractures, often using magnetic splints to immobilize the fracture site while studying the effects of static magnetic fields on bone healing. However, there has been relatively little research on the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis using static magnetic fields. Pulsed electromagnetic fields, a type of time-varying field, have been widely used in clinical studies for treating fractures, osteoporosis, and non-union. However, current clinical applications are limited to low-frequency, and research on the relationship between frequency and biological effects remains insufficient. We believe that different types of electromagnetic fields acting on bone can induce various “secondary physical quantities”, such as magnetism, force, electricity, acoustics, and thermal energy, which can stimulate bone cells either individually or simultaneously. Bone cells possess specific electromagnetic properties, and in a static magnetic field, the presence of a magnetic field gradient can exert a certain magnetism on the bone tissue, leading to observable effects. In a time-varying magnetic field, the charged particles within the bone experience varying Lorentz forces, causing vibrations and generating acoustic effects. Additionally, as the frequency of the time-varying field increases, induced currents or potentials can be generated within the bone, leading to electrical effects. When the frequency and power exceed a certain threshold, electromagnetic energy can be converted into thermal energy, producing thermal effects. In summary, external electromagnetic fields with different characteristics can generate multiple physical quantities within biological tissues, such as magnetic, electric, mechanical, acoustic, and thermal effects. These physical quantities may also interact and couple with each other, stimulating the biological tissues in a combined or composite manner, thereby producing biological effects. This understanding is key to elucidating the electromagnetic mechanisms of how electromagnetic fields influence biological tissues. In the study of electromagnetic fields for bone remodeling diseases, attention should be paid to the biological effects of bone remodeling under different electromagnetic wave characteristics. This includes exploring innovative electromagnetic source technologies applicable to bone remodeling, identifying safe and effective electromagnetic field parameters, and combining basic research with technological invention to develop scientifically grounded, advanced key technologies for innovative electromagnetic treatment devices targeting bone remodeling diseases. In conclusion, electromagnetic fields and multiple physical factors have the potential to prevent and treat bone remodeling diseases, and have significant application prospects.

The Expert Consensus on Clinical Application of Qinbaohong Zhike Oral Liquid in Treatment of Acute Bronchitis and Acute Attack of Chronic Bronchitis （GS/CACM 337-2023） was released by the China Association of Chinese Medicine on December 13^th， 2023. This expert consensus was developed by experts in methodology， pharmacy， and Chinese medicine in strict accordance with the development requirements of the China Association of Chinese Medicine （CACM） and based on the latest medical evidence and the clinical medication experience of well-known experts in the fields of respiratory medicine （pulmonary diseases） and pediatrics. This expert consensus defines the application of Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid in the treatment of cough and excessive sputum caused by phlegm-heat obstructing lung， acute bronchitis， and acute attack of chronic bronchitis from the aspects of applicable populations， efficacy evaluation， usage， dosage， drug combination， and safety. It is expected to guide the rational drug use in medical and health institutions， give full play to the unique value of Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid， and vigorously promote the inheritance and innovation of Chinese patent medicines.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of new simplified insulin resistance(IR)assessment indexes in identifying subclinical left ventricular systolic function impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods A total of 150 T2DM patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF≥50%)who were admitted to Department of Endocrinology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from June 2021 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients underwent two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography to measure left ventricular global longitudinal strain(GLS).According to GLS value,the subjects were divided into the normal group(GLS≥18%group,n=80)and the impaired group(GLS<18%group,n=70).Some new simplified IR assessment indicators were calculated and compared between the two groups,including body mass index(BMI),TG/HDL-C ratio,triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index,TyG-BMI index,TyG-WHR and metabolic score for IR(METS-IR).Correlation between the GLS and the new simplified IR assessment indexes was analyzed.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of different simplified IR assessment indexes,with the area under the curve(AUC)calculated.Furthermore,according to whether the subjects were complicated with hypertension,binary logistics regression analysis was performed to explore the independent correlation between the simplified IR assessment index and GLS<18%.Results Total 150 were included with aged(54.5±13.7)years with 96(64.0%)men and 54(36.0%)women.Compared with the GLS≥18%group,the TG/HDL-C ratio,TyG index,TyG-BMI,and METS-IR of subjects in the GLS<18%group were significantly increased(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that TG/HDL-C ratio,TyG index,TyG-BMI,TyG-WHR,and METS-IR were negatively correlated with GLS(P<0.05).ROC analysis showed that TyG index had a certain predictive value for the evaluation of GLS<18%(AUC=0.678,95%CI 0.591-0.765,P<0.001).Stratification based on hypertension and further adjusting for confounding factors,TyG index remains significantly associated with GLS<18%(OR=3.249,95%CI 1.045-10.103,P=0.042).Conclusions The novel simplified insulin resistance evaluation indexes are closely associated with left ventricular subclinical systolic dysfunction in T2DM patients with preserved ejection fraction.TyG index is an effective index to identify left ventricular subclinical dysfunction in these populations.

ObjectiveTo present the exploration and application of a prospective follow-up research method for acute infectious disease surveillance based on natural community populations， using COVID-19 infection as an example， and to provide a reference for improving the infectious disease surveillance and early warning system. MethodsA multi-stage probability proportional sampling method was employed to sample residents from all communities of 16 administrative districts in Shanghai， with households as the units. A cohort for acute infectious diseases based on natural community populations was established. The baseline survey was conducted for all cohort subjects， and COVID-19 antigen test kits were distributed. From December 21， 2022 to September 30， 2023， prospective follow-up monitoring of COVID-19 antigen and nucleic acid was carried out on the study subjects on a weekly basis. The baseline characteristics and follow-up information of the cohort subjects were described. ResultsThe cohort for acute infectious diseases included a total of 12 881 subjects， comprising 6 098 males （47.3%） and 6 783 females （52.7%）. The baseline survey revealed that 35.2% （4 540/12 881） of the subjects had a history of COVID-19 infection. During the follow-up period from December 21， 2022 to September 30， 2023， the average incidence density in the cohort was 0.61/person-year， with a higher incidence density in females （0.63/person-year） compared to males （0.59/person-year）. Individuals aged 60 and above （0.64/person-year） and those with underlying health conditions （0.67/person-year） had a higher incidence density. Healthcare workers showed a notably higher incidence density （0.84/person-year） than that in other occupational groups. As of September 30， 2023， a total of 340 subjects in the cohort experienced secondary infections， with a median interval of 170 days between the first and second infections. ConclusionThis study applies cohort study method to acute infectious disease surveillance， providing crucial data support for estimating infection rates and forecasting alerts for acute infectious diseases in the community. This method can be promoted and applied as a new approach for acute infectious disease surveillance.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the potential relationship between urinary metals copper (Cu), arsenic (As), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), iron (Fe), lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn) and grip strength. Methods We used linear regression models, quantile g-computation and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to assess the relationship between metals and grip strength.Results In the multimetal linear regression, Cu (β=-2.119), As (β=-1.318), Sr (β=-2.480), Ba (β=0.781), Fe (β= 1.130) and Mn (β=-0.404) were significantly correlated with grip strength (P < 0.05). The results of the quantile g-computation showed that the risk of occurrence of grip strength reduction was -1.007 (95％ confidence interval:-1.362, -0.652; P < 0.001) when each quartile of the mixture of the seven metals was increased. Bayesian kernel function regression model analysis showed that mixtures of the seven metals had a negative overall effect on grip strength, with Cu, As and Sr being negatively associated with grip strength levels. In the total population, potential interactions were observed between As and Mn and between Cu and Mn (Pinteractions of 0.003 and 0.018, respectively).Conclusion In summary, this study suggests that combined exposure to metal mixtures is negatively associated with grip strength. Cu, Sr and As were negatively correlated with grip strength levels, and there were potential interactions between As and Mn and between Cu and Mn.

Objective:To assess the impact of health insurance packaged payment in medical communities on the economicburden of patients,income and satisfaction of medical staff in counties.Methods:Using sample data from 2018-2022 from the national monitoring counties of medical communities,taking 2020 as the year of implementation of packaged payment,a double difference model was constructed with county population density and county per capita GDP as the control variables to assess the impact of packaged payment on the economic burden of patients,medical staff income and satisfaction in the county.Results:The packaged payment policy reduced the economic burden of patients to a certain extent and had a statistically significant positive effect on medical staff income in 2021,but it did not significantly increase the satisfaction of both supply and demand.Conclusion:The implementation of health insurance packaged payment of the MEC will not increase the economic burden of patients.It has a good pro-poor effect,and the income of medical staff has been improved to some extent,but there is still room for optimisation and improvement of the policy.

Objective:To assess the impact of health insurance packaged payment in medical communities on the economicburden of patients,income and satisfaction of medical staff in counties.Methods:Using sample data from 2018-2022 from the national monitoring counties of medical communities,taking 2020 as the year of implementation of packaged payment,a double difference model was constructed with county population density and county per capita GDP as the control variables to assess the impact of packaged payment on the economic burden of patients,medical staff income and satisfaction in the county.Results:The packaged payment policy reduced the economic burden of patients to a certain extent and had a statistically significant positive effect on medical staff income in 2021,but it did not significantly increase the satisfaction of both supply and demand.Conclusion:The implementation of health insurance packaged payment of the MEC will not increase the economic burden of patients.It has a good pro-poor effect,and the income of medical staff has been improved to some extent,but there is still room for optimisation and improvement of the policy.

Objective:To assess the impact of health insurance packaged payment in medical communities on the economicburden of patients,income and satisfaction of medical staff in counties.Methods:Using sample data from 2018-2022 from the national monitoring counties of medical communities,taking 2020 as the year of implementation of packaged payment,a double difference model was constructed with county population density and county per capita GDP as the control variables to assess the impact of packaged payment on the economic burden of patients,medical staff income and satisfaction in the county.Results:The packaged payment policy reduced the economic burden of patients to a certain extent and had a statistically significant positive effect on medical staff income in 2021,but it did not significantly increase the satisfaction of both supply and demand.Conclusion:The implementation of health insurance packaged payment of the MEC will not increase the economic burden of patients.It has a good pro-poor effect,and the income of medical staff has been improved to some extent,but there is still room for optimisation and improvement of the policy.

Objective:To assess the impact of health insurance packaged payment in medical communities on the economicburden of patients,income and satisfaction of medical staff in counties.Methods:Using sample data from 2018-2022 from the national monitoring counties of medical communities,taking 2020 as the year of implementation of packaged payment,a double difference model was constructed with county population density and county per capita GDP as the control variables to assess the impact of packaged payment on the economic burden of patients,medical staff income and satisfaction in the county.Results:The packaged payment policy reduced the economic burden of patients to a certain extent and had a statistically significant positive effect on medical staff income in 2021,but it did not significantly increase the satisfaction of both supply and demand.Conclusion:The implementation of health insurance packaged payment of the MEC will not increase the economic burden of patients.It has a good pro-poor effect,and the income of medical staff has been improved to some extent,but there is still room for optimisation and improvement of the policy.

Objective:To assess the impact of health insurance packaged payment in medical communities on the economicburden of patients,income and satisfaction of medical staff in counties.Methods:Using sample data from 2018-2022 from the national monitoring counties of medical communities,taking 2020 as the year of implementation of packaged payment,a double difference model was constructed with county population density and county per capita GDP as the control variables to assess the impact of packaged payment on the economic burden of patients,medical staff income and satisfaction in the county.Results:The packaged payment policy reduced the economic burden of patients to a certain extent and had a statistically significant positive effect on medical staff income in 2021,but it did not significantly increase the satisfaction of both supply and demand.Conclusion:The implementation of health insurance packaged payment of the MEC will not increase the economic burden of patients.It has a good pro-poor effect,and the income of medical staff has been improved to some extent,but there is still room for optimisation and improvement of the policy.