AIM To explore the effect of Compound Fo'ercao Mixture on TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in a rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).METHODS Rats were randomly divided into the blank group(n=10),and the model group(n=50)for the establishment of a rat model of COPD by 12-week cigarette smoke exposure combined with intratracheal injection of LPS.The successful rat models were randomly divided into the model group,the dexamethasone group(0.5 mg/kg)and the low,medium and high dose Compound Fo'ercao Mixture groups(6.8,13.6 and 27.2 g/kg),with 10 rats in each group.After 24 weeks of drug intervention,the rats had their lung function detected by animal lung function meter;their pathological changes of lung tissue observed by HE staining;their serum TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,and MDA levels and SOD activity detected by ELISA;their pulmonary mRNA expressions of TLR4,MyD88,NF-κB and caspase-3 detected by RT-qPCR;and their pulmonary protein expressions of TLR4,MyD88,NF-κB and TNF-α detected by Western blot.RESULTS Compared with the blank group,the model group displayed obviously pulmonary ventilation dysfunction,damaged lung tissue and bronchus,decreased SOD activity(P＜0.01);increased serum TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 and MDA levels(P＜0.01);and increased pulmonary expressions of TLR4,MyD88,NF-κB and caspase-3 mRNA and TLR4,MyD88,NF-κB and TNF-α proteins(P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,all Compound Fo'ercao Mixture groups shared improvement in lung function indices levels and lung tissue damage;decrease in the levels of serum TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 and MDA(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);and decrease in the pulmonary expressions of TLR4,MyD88,NF-κB and caspase-3 mRNA and TLR4,MyD88,NF-κB and TNF-α protein(P＜0.05,P＜0.01)in a dose-dependent manner.CONCLUSION Compound Fo'ercao Mixture can improve the lung dysfunction and pathological injury in a rat model of COPD,and its mechanism may be associated with the regulated TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Following the principles of evidence-based medicine,in accordance with the structure and drafting rules of standardized documents,based on literature research,according to the characteristics of chronic cough in children and issues that need to form a consensus,the TCM Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Cough in Children was formulated based on the Delphi method,expert discussion meetings,and public solicitation of opinions.The guideline includes scope of application,terms and definitions,eti-ology and diagnosis,auxiliary examination,treatment,prevention and care.The aim is to clarify the optimal treatment plan of Chinese medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease,and to provide guidance for improving the clinical diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough in children with Chinese medicine.

The abuse of novel phenylcyclohexylpyridine drugs poses a significant threat to societal safety. The novel psychoactive substance 2-methyl-deschloroketamine (2-MDCK), belonging to the phenylcyclohexylpyridine class, has recently surfaced as a new compound. However, there is a lack of understanding regarding its metabolic pathways and the identification of suitable biomarkers. In this study, a human liver microsomal model was established, and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) technology was applied to investigate the in vitro metabolism and products of 2-MDCK. The results indicate that 2-MDCK undergoes various metabolic reactions, including dehydrogenation, deamination, hydroxylation, and demethylation, leading to the formation of eight metabolites. By conducting actual testing on hair samples from 2-MDCK abusers, the existence of six metabolites was confirmed. Comparing the metabolic products in the liver microsomal in vitro model, M3.1 and M4.1 were identified as biomarkers for 2-MDCK consumption. Five samples of abusers of 2-methyl-dechloroketamine were provided by the Anti-Drug Brigade of the Hangzhou Public Security Bureau. Negative hair samples were provided by laboratory volunteers, and all samples were obtained with the informed consent of the volunteers. These findings provide a scientific basis for the detection and identification of 2-MDCK and its metabolites, as well as crucial support for the study of the metabolic mechanisms of similar novel psychoactive substances in the phenylcyclohexylpyridine class. This research holds significant importance in addressing the issue of abuse of new psychoactive substances.

Objective This study aimed to understand the epidemic status and phylogenetic relationships of rotavirus group A(RVA)in the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong Province,China. Methods This study included individuals aged 28 days-85 years.A total of 706 stool samples from patients with acute gastroenteritis collected between January 2019 and January 2020 were analyzed for 17 causative pathogens,including RVA,using a Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel,followed by genotyping,virus isolation,and complete sequencing to assess the genetic diversity of RVA. Results The overall RVA infection rate was 14.59%(103/706),with an irregular epidemiological pattern.The proportion of co-infection with RVA and other pathogens was 39.81%(41/103).Acute gastroenteritis is highly prevalent in young children aged 0-1 year,and RVA is the key pathogen circulating in patients 6-10 months of age with diarrhea.G9P[8](58.25%,60/103)was found to be the predominant genotype in the RVA strains,and the 41 RVA-positive strains that were successfully sequenced belonged to three different RVA genotypes in the phylogenetic analysis.Recombination analysis showed that gene reassortment events,selection pressure,codon usage bias,gene polymorphism,and post-translational modifications(PTMs)occurred in the G9P[8]and G3P[8]strains. Conclusion This study provides molecular evidence of RVA prevalence in the Pearl River Delta region of China,further enriching the existing information on its genetics and evolutionary characteristics and suggesting the emergence of genetic diversity.Strengthening the surveillance of genotypic changes and gene reassortment in RVA strains is essential for further research and a better understanding of strain variations for further vaccine development.

ObjectiveTo investigate the genetic polymorphism and structure of 47 autosomal microhaplotypes in the Han population in Changshu City, Jiangsu Province, and to evaluate the forensic efficiencies and forensic parameters. MethodsThe DNA library of unrelated individual samples was prepared according to MHSeqTyper47 kit manual and sequenced on the MiSeq FGx platform. Microhaplotype genotyping and sequencing depth statistics were processed using MHTyper. The genetic information of samples was then evaluated. The fixation index and genetic distance between the Jiangsu Changshu population and the reference populations in the 1000 Genomes Project phase 3 (1KG) were calculated, and forensic parameters were evaluated. ResultsThe fixation index and genetic distance between the Han population in Changshu, Jiangsu, and the CHB (Han Chinese in Beijing, China) reference population in 1KG were the lowest. The effective allele number (A_e) of each locus is also the closest between the two populations. The combined matching probability (CMP) of the Changshu Han population is close to the 5 populations of the East Asian reference super-population in 1KG, which is 1.25×10^-36, and the combined probability of exclusion reached 0.999 999 999 964 1. ConclusionThis study reported the genetic polymorphism and allele frequency of 47 microhaplotypes in a Han population in Changshu City, Jiangsu Province. This information provides a data basis for 47 microhaplotypes in forensic applications. In addition, the polymorphism differences between the 1KG reference population and the Han population in Changshu, Jiangsu were compared, and the genetic structure of 47 microhaplotypes in the Han population in Changshu, Jiangsu was revealed. In general, the reference data of the East Asian super-population in 1KG is more in line with the genetic characteristics of Han population in Changshu, Jiangsu.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

AP2 transcription factors belong to the AP2/ERF superfamily and are involved in the regula-tion of various biological processes in plant growth and development,as well as in response to biotic and abiotic stresses.However,studies on the AP2 transcription factor family of Perilla frutescens have not been reported.In this study,totally 18 AP2 family members were identified from the Perilla frutescens ge-nome and analyzed for gene structure,conserved motifs,and cis-acting elements using bioinformatics.WRINKLED1(WRI1)is a key regulator of lipid biosynthesis in many plant species and plays an impor-tant role in the regulation of lipid synthesis.Sequence comparison revealed that one member of WRI1 is highly homologous to AtWRI1 and contains two conserved AP2 domains,named PfWRI1.The expression levels of PfAP2 family genes were analyzed in different tissues of Perilla frutescens and at different stages of seed development in conjunction with the transcriptome data,and the results showed that PfWRI1 is highly expressed only in the seeds of Perilla frutescens,suggesting that PfWRI1 may be related to the de-velopmental process of the seeds.The overexpression vector of plant pCAMBIA1303-PfWRI1 was con-structed,and wild-type(Col)and mutant(wri1-1)Arabidopsis thaliana were transformed by Agrobacte-rium tumefaciens to obtain overexpression and complementation lines,respectively.The results showed that the expression of P fWRI1 led to an increase in oil content of Arabidopsis seeds by 8.90％-13.57％compared with Col,and promoted the accumulation of oleic acid(C18:1)and linoleic acid(18:2)and reduced the accumulation of palmitic acid(C16:0),arachidonic acid(C20:0),and cis-11-Eicosenoic acid(C20:1)in transgenic Arabidopsis seeds.In addition,PfWRI1 gene expression increased the ex-pression of glycolysis and fatty acid biosynthesis-related genes AtPKP-α,AtPKP-β1,AtBCCP2,AtSUS2,and AtLIP1.Taken together,PfWRI1 may promote lipid accumulation by increasing unsaturated fatty acid content through interaction with the above genes.

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of overexpressing 70-kD heat shock pro-teins(Hsp70)on glycolysis in C2C12 cells during myogenesis and adipogenesis.Using C2C12 cells as the research material,adenovirus was used to overexpress the Hsp70 gene,and changes in the expression of glycolytic genes were detected using fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blotting techniques.The study indicated that during C2C12 cell myogenic differentiation,the expression trend of the Hsp70 gene was consistent with that of Gsk3β,Pkm,Prkag3,Pfkm,and Hk-2 genes,suggesting a relationship between Hsp70 and the glycolytic pathway during myogenic differentiation.Overexpression of Hsp70 in the later stages of myogenic differentiation significantly upregulated the expression of Gsk3β,Pkm,Prk-ag3,and Pfkm genes(P＜0.05),with no significant impact on Hk-2 gene expression(P＞0.05).Dur-ing C2C12 cell adipogenic induction,the expression trend of the Hsp70 gene was similar to that of Gsk3β,Pkm,Prkag3,Pfkm,and Hk-2 genes,indicating a relationship between Hsp70 and the glycolytic path-way during adipogenic induction.Following Hsp70 overexpression,in the later stages of adipogenic in-duction,the number of lipid droplets was significantly higher compared to the control group,with a sig-nificant upregulation of Gsk3β,Pkm,Prkag3,and Pfkm gene expression(P＜0.05),while Hk-2 gene expression was not significantly affected(P＞0.05).In conclusion,Hsp70 in C2C12 cells in myogenic and adipogenic states promoted the breakdown of glycogen into 6-phospho-glucose,thereby enhancing the glycolytic pathway,providing insights into the functional role of the Hsp70 gene in glycolysis in C2C12 cells.

Objective:To investigate the protective effect of endogenous ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)against cisplatin-induced myelosuppression and the mechanism of reducing apoptosis in bone marrow nucleated cells using mfat-1 transgenic mice.Methods:The experimental animals were divided into 4 groups:wild-type mice normal control group,mfat-1 transgenic mice normal control group,wild-type mice model group and mfat-1 transgenic mice model group.The mice in the model group were injected intraperitoneally with 7.5 mg/kg cisplatin on day 0 and day 7 to construct a myelosuppression model,while the mice in the normal control group were injected intraperitoneally with an equal amount of saline,and their status was observed and their body weight was measured daily.Peripheral blood was taken after 14 day for routine blood analysis,and the content and proportion of PUFA in peripheral blood were detected using gas chromatography.Bone marrow nucleated cells in the femur of mice were counted.The histopathological changes in bone marrow were observed by histopathological staining.The apoptosis of nucleated cells and the expression level changes of apoptosis-related genes in the bone marrow of mice were detected by flow cytometry and fluorescence quantitative PCR.Results:Compared with wild-type mice,mfat-1 transgenic mice showed significantly increased levels of ω-3 PUFA in peripheral blood and greater tolerance to cisplatin.Peripheral blood analysis showed that endogenous ω-3 PUFA promoted the recovery of leukocytes,erythrocytes,platelets and haemoglobin in peripheral blood of myelosuppressed mice.The results of HE staining showed that endogenous ω-3 PUFA significantly improved the structural damage of bone marrow tissue induced by cisplatin.Flow cytometry and PCR showed that,compared with wild-type mice model group,the apoptosis rate of bone marrow nucleated cells in mfat-1 transgenic mice was significantly reduced(P＜0.001),and the expression of anti-apoptotic genes Bcl-2 mRNA was significantly increased(P＜0.01),while the expressions of pro-apoptotic genes Bax and Bak mRNA were significantly reduced(P＜0.001,P＜0.05).Conclusion:Endogenous ω-3 PUFA can reduce cisplatin-induced apoptosis in bone marrow nucleated cells,increase the number of peripheral blood cells and exert a protective effect against cisplatin-induced myelosuppression by regulating the expression of apoptosis-related genes.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from flower buds of Magnolia biondii Pamp.and their in vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities.METHODS The 50% acetone extract from the flower buds of M.biondii was isolated and purified by Diaion HP-20,Toyopearl HW-40C,ODS and semi-preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.The in vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of these compounds were determined according to previous method established by research group.RESULTS Seventeen compounds were isolated and identified as crassifolioside(1),magnoloside B(2),rutin(3),isoquercitrin(4),quercetin(5),northalifoline(6),cordysinin B(7),thymidine(8),indazole(9),dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol(10),aesculetin(11),C-veratroylglycol(12),3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol(13),3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethanol(14),3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid(15),2,4,6-trimethoxyphenol(16),syringic acid(17).CONCLUSION Compounds 1-17 are isolated from this plant for the first time,none of which show acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities at the concentration of 20 μmol/L.