Objective To investigate the human papillomavirus(HPV)infection and genotype distribution characteristics among male reproductive health outpatients,and to compare the differences among different age groups of outpatients.Methods A total of 1 658 males,visited in the Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research from 2018 to 2022,were selected and 23 HPV genotypes were detected by PCR-reverse dot hybridization.Results Among the 1 658 subjects,the overall HPV infection rate was 22.50%.Single infection accounted for 66.76%,which was the main infection type.HPV infection among different age groups were statistically significant(P<0.001),with HPV infection of 16.83%,22.87%,34.63%,and 29.35%for 18-30,31-40,41-50,and≥51 years,respectively.The top 5 high risk HPV genotypes were HPV52(3.56%),HPV16(3.26%),HPV39(2.41%),HPV51(2.17%),HPV58(2.17%),and the top 1 low risk HPV genotype was HPV81(2.90%).The proportions of infected individuals in this study that could be completely covered by bivalent,quadrivalent,and nine-valent HPV vaccines were 7.77%,12.33%,and 26.27%,respectively.Conclusion The predominant infection type among male reproductive health outpatients was single infection type.HPV 52,16,39,51 and 58 were the most common high risk genotypes,while HPV 81 was the most common low risk genotype.Individuals aged 41-50 years had the highest HPV infection rate.

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides in the continuation treatment of mild and moderate depression.Methods An open,single-arm,multi-center design was adopted in our study.Adult patients with mild and moderate depression who had received acute treatment of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides were enrolled and continue to receive Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides capsules for 24 weeks,the dose remained unchanged during continuation treatment.The remission rate,recurrence rate,recurrence time,and the change from baseline to endpoint of Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD),Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA),Clinical Global Impression-Severity(CGI-S)and Arizona Sexual Experience Scale(ASEX)were evaluated.The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was reported.Results The scores of HAMD-17 at baseline and after treatment were 6.60±1.87 and 5.85±4.18,scores of HAMA were 6.36±3.02 and 4.93±3.09,scores of CGI-S were 1.49±0.56 and 1.29±0.81,scores of ASEX were 15.92±4.72 and 15.57±5.26,with significant difference(P＜0.05).After continuation treatment,the remission rate was 54.59％(202 cases/370 cases),and the recurrence rate was 6.49％(24 cases/370 cases),the recurrence time was(64.67±42.47)days.The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was 15.35％(64 cases/417 cases).Conclusion Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides capsules can be effectively used for the continuation treatment of mild and moderate depression,and are well tolerated and safe.

Through a compound induction method, combined with neurobehavioral, macroscopic characterization and objective pathological evaluation indicators, a murine depression model of liver depression transforming into fire syndrome was constructed and confirmed. The model was constructed using a combination of sleep deprivation, light exposure, and alternate-day food deprivation. Evaluation was conducted at three levels: face validity, constructs validity, and predictive validity. The establishment of the liver depression transforming into fire syndrome depression model was further validated through the counterproof of traditional Chinese medicine formulas. In terms of face validity, compared to the control group, mice in the model group exhibited typical depressive symptoms in neurobehavioral assessments; the general observation of the model group mice reveals disheveled and lackluster fur, along with delayed and easily agitated responses. Additionally, there is a substantial increase in water consumption. In the sleep phase detection of mouse, the model group showed a significant increase in the proportion of time spent in the wake phase during sleep, accompanied by a significant decrease in the proportions of time spent in both non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep phases. There are significant differences in physiological indicators such as average blood flow velocity, blood flow rate, tongue, urine, and claw color (r values) in the internal carotid artery. Structural validity demonstrated that levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the hippocampus of model mice decreased significantly, while acetylcholine (ACh), tryptophan (Try), and glutamic acid (Glu) levels increased significantly. Treatment with Danzhi Xiaoyao San led to varying degrees of restoration in the aforementioned neurotransmitters. In terms of predictive validity, the antidepressant paroxetine effectively ameliorated depressive behaviors in the model mice, and the classic formula Danzhi Xiaoyao San demonstrated varying degrees of improvement in depression-related indicators. In conclusion, this study has established a novel animal model of liver-stagnation with the fire depression, thereby expanding the repertoire of traditional Chinese medicine depression models. This development contributes to the diversification of melancholic syndrome models in Chinese medicine, offering a broader spectrum of options for scientific exploration, efficacy evaluation, and drug screening in the future prevention and treatment of depression with traditional Chinese medicine. Animal experiments were conducted with the approval and supervision of the Animal Ethics Committee of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (ethics number: 20230313040).

In recent years,the development of acupuncture and moxibustion(shortened as acup-moxibustion)has flourished.With the verification of clinical efficacy of acup-moxibustion,its basic research has gradually drawn the attention of the practitioners accordingly.But how to scientifically perform the basic research of acup-moxibustion and to serve the clinic effectively has become a major problem for the contemporary Chinese medicine practitioners.By analyzing the characteristics of acup-moxibustion-related research projects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,this paper outlined the current status of domestic research of acup-moxibustion,and proposed four suggestions after analyzing the problems and weaknesses of acup-moxibustion basic research in China:①the clinical evidence-based system in the current acup-moxibustion should be further constructed and the basic research should be focused on the area of advantages;② the key problems of acup-moxibustion basic research should be clarified,and the proportion of original researches should be increased;③ the integration of production,teaching and research of acup-moxibustion should be enhanced to adapt to the era of big science;④ the funding system and its polity and structure needed to be reformed.This study will help to increase the discipline ranking of acup-moxibustion,enhance its high-quality development,and promote its internationalization.

AIM:To investigate the effects and underlying mechanism of Toona sinensis bark extract(TAE)on the colon mucosal barrier and gut microbiota in mice with ulcerative colitis(UC)induced by dextran sulfate sodium(DSS).METHODS:Sixty C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to control,model,and mesalazine(0.2 g/kg)groups,as well as TAE groups(low,medium,and high-doses equal to crude drug concentrations of 2.3,4.6 and 9.2 g/kg,respectively).The UC model was induced by drinking of 2.5％DSS,and mean while the drugs were administered for 10 days.The mice were then evaluated in terms of weight,disease activity index(DAI),colon length,spleen index,and pathological changes in the colon tissues.In addition,the level of apoptosis in colon tissues was assessed by terminal de-oxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL)fluorescence staining,and the expression of related proteins was evaluated by Western blot,levels of inflammatory factors were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA),and the activities of total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)and catalase(CAT)and malondialdehyde(MDA)content were assessed by biochemical assays.Furthermore,the constitution and diversity of the gut microbiota were inves-tigated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.RESULTS:Compared with the control group,mice in the model group showed significantly reduced body weights(P<0.01),and the colon length was shortened significantly(P<0.05).Marked in-creases in the DAI and spleen index were observed(P<0.01),along with severe damage to the colon mucosa(P<0.01).Mechanistically,the level of intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis was significantly raised(P<0.01).The model group showed markedly reduced expression of occludin and claudin-1(P<0.01),the level of IL-10,and activities of T-SOD and CAT in the colon tissues(P<0.01).While the levels of IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α,and the MDA content were increased signif-icantly(P<0.05).The abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota were decreased in the model group(P<0.05).Com-pared with the model group,all these indicators were ameliorated by the administration of TAE(P<0.05).The abundance of pathogenic bacteria,including Proteobacteria and Escherichia-Shigella,was decreased remarkably(P<0.05),while that of probiotics,including Bacteroidota and Muribaculaceae,were increased significantly(P<0.05).The abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota were increased.CONCLUSION:Taken together,Toona sinensis bark alcohol extract can alleviate damage to the intestinal mucosa by suppressing the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cell,reducing the inflam-matory response,and mitigating oxidative stress.Treatment with TAE could also maintain the homeostasis of the gut micro-biota by regulating the abundance,ultimately meliorate the function of intestinal mucosal barrier.

Objective To explore early postoperative gait characteristics and clinical outcomes after total knee arthroplasty(TKA).Methods From February 2023 to July 2023,26 patients with unilateral knee osteoarthritis(KOA)were treated with TKA,including 4 males and 22 females,aged from 57 to 85 years old with an average of(67.58±6.49)years old;body mass in-dex(BMI)ranged from 18.83 to 38.28 kg·m-2 with an average of(26.43±4.15)kg·m-2;14 patients on the left side,12 pa-tients on the right side;according to Kellgren-Lawrence(K-L)classification,6 patients with grade Ⅲ and 20 patients with grade Ⅳ;the courses of disease ranged from 1 to 14 years with an average of(5.54±3.29)years.Images and videos of standing up and walking,walking side shot,squatting and supine kneeling were taken with smart phones before operation and 6 weeks after operation.The human posture estimation framework OpenPose were used to analyze stride frequency,step length,step length,step speed,active knee knee bending angle,stride length,double support phase time,as well as maximum hip flexion angle and maximum knee bending angle on squatting position.Western Ontario and McMaster Universities(WOMAC)arthritis index and Knee Society Score(KSS)were used to evaluate clinical efficacy of knee joint.Results All patients were followed up for 5 to 7 weeks with an average of(6.00±0.57)weeks.The total score of WOMAC decreased from(64.85±11.54)before op-eration to(45.81±7.91)at 6 weeks after operation(P＜0.001).The total KSS was increased from(101.19±9.58)before opera-tion to(125.50±10.32)at 6 weeks after operation(P＜0.001).The gait speed,stride frequency and stride length of the affected side before operation were(0.32±0.10)m·s-1,(96.35±24.18)steps·min-1,(0.72±0.14)m,respectively;and increased to(0.48±0.11)m·s 1,(104.20±22.53)steps·min-1,(0.79±0.10)m at 6 weeks after operation(P＜0.05).The lower limb support time and active knee bending angle decreased from(0.31±0.38)sand(125.21±11.64)° before operation to(0.11±0.04)s and(120.01±13.35)° at 6 weeks after operation(P＜0.05).Eleven patients could able to complete squat before operation,13 patients could able to complete at 6 weeks after operation,and 9 patients could able to complete both before operation and 6 weeks after operation.In 9 patients,the maximum bending angle of crouching position was increased from 76.29° to 124.11° before operation to 91.35° to 134.12° at 6 weeks after operation,and the maximum bending angle of hip was increased from 103.70° to 147.25° before operation to 118.61° to 149.48° at 6 weeks after operation.Conclusion Gait analysis technology based on artificial intelligence image recognition is a safe and effective method to quantitatively identify the changes of pa-tients'gait.Knee pain of KOA was relieved and the function was improved,the supporting ability of the affected limb was im-proved after TKA,and the patient's stride frequency,stride length and stride speed were improved,and the overall movement rhythm of both lower limbs are more coordinated.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the ultra-fast track anesthesia(UFTA)methods and perioperative anesthesia management experiences of transcatheter mitral valve edge-to-edge repair(TEER)in the treatment of functional mitral regurgitant.Methods In this retrospective study,patients underwent the TEER procedure and received UFTA in Fuwai Yunnan Hospital,from May 2022 to September 2022 for heart failure combined with moderate to severe or severe functional mitral regurgitant were included.Baseline,preoperative complications,cardial function and anesthesia classification,amino-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP),ultrasound examination results,surgery time,extubation time,intraoperative anesthetic and vasoactive drug,complications related to TEER and UFTA,perioperative,and postoperative 30-day and one-year follow-up data were collected.All perioperative clinical data were recorded and analyzed.Results A total of 30 patients were enrolled,11 patients(36.7％)were female,mean age was(63.6±6.1)years,NYHA classification IV 14 patients(46.7％),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)(36.0±8.1)％,the end-diastolic volume of the left ventricle(66.0±8.2)mm,mitral regurgitation 4+14 patients(56.7％),3+17 patients(43.3％),NT-proBNP(1 934.1±1 973.5)pg/ml,1 patient(3.3％)used high-dose vasoactive drugs during surgery.All patients did not experience nausea,vomiting,delirium,respiratory depression,perioperative transesophageal echocardiography-related gastrointestinal bleeding,pericardial effusion,cerebrovascular accidents,emergency surgery or secondary intervention,or other serious adverse events within 24 hours after surgery.No 30-day all-cause death occurred;the mean postoperative hospital stay was(7.4±2.8)days.All patients completed one-year follow-up,LVEF(37.6±11.1)％,the end-diastolic volume of the left ventricle(63.2±8.6)mm,mitral regurgitation 2+7 patients(23.3％),1+23 patients(76.7％),NT-proBNP(1 949.2±2 576.6)pg/ml.Conclusions Ultra-fast track anesthesia can be safely applied to TEER in treating functional mitral regurgitant patients.

In this study,the immunological characteristics of the PhoP protein were explored with a two-component system of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb).Bioinformatics was used to predict the B and T cell epitopes of the PhoP protein.A re-combinant expression plasmid was constructed by PCR analysis of the phoP sequence and cloning into the prokaryotic expres-sion vector pET-28a(+).Competent Escherichia coli BL21 cells were transformed with the recombinant plasmid and expres-sion was induced with IPTG.The recombinant PhoP protein was purified by affinity chromatography.Serum levels of PhoP-specific antibodies in Mtb-infected mice and tuberculosis(TB)patients were analyzed with an ELISA.BALB/c mice were im-munized with the PhoP recombinant protein by intramuscular injection.Sera of mice were collected and antibody titers were detected with an ELISA and specificity was assessed by West-ern blot analysis.Mouse splenocytes were isolated and the pro-portions of IFN-y-positive cells and cytokine levels were detec-ted with an ELISpot and ELISA,respectively.Bioinformatics i-dentified 24 B cell and 11 T cell epitopes of the PhoP protein.A prokaryotic recombinant vector of PhoP was successfully con-structed and the recombinant PhoP protein was obtained by purification.Specific antibody levels to PhoP in sera of Mtb in-fected mice and TB patients increased significantly,with preci-sion of 99.9％and 82.5％,and specificity of 100％,respectively.PhoP protein immunization successfully induced production of specific antibodies in mice.Stimulated by antigens in vitro,IL-2 and IFN-γ levels were significantly increased in the splenocytes of immunized mice.Immunization with the PhoP protein induce a humoral immune response and Thl-dominated cellular immu-nity,indicating that the PhoP protein was immunogenic with diagnostic efficacy for TB.These results lay a foundation to clari-fy the role of PhoP in Mtb infection and application for diagnosis and prevention of TB.

Objective:To evaluate the safety and efficiency of robotic visualization system(RVS)-assisted microsurgical re-construction of the reproductive tract in male rats and the satisfaction of the surgeons.Methods:We randomly divided 8 adult male SD rats into an experimental and a control group,the former treated by RVS-assisted microsurgical vasoepididymostomy(VE)or vaso-vasostomy(VV),and the latter by VE or VV under the standard operating microscope(SOM).We compared the operation time,me-chanical patency and anastomosis leakage immediately after surgery,and the surgeons'satisfaction between the two groups.Results:No statistically significant difference was observed the operation time between the experimental and the control groups,and no anasto-mosis leakage occurred after VV in either group.The rate of mechanical patency immediately after surgery was 100％in both groups,and that of anastomosis leakage after VE was 16.7％in the experimental group and 14.3％in the control.Compared with the control group,the experimental group achieved dramatically higher scores on visual comfort(3.00±0.76 vs 4.00±0.53,P＜0.05),neck/back comfort(2.75±1.16 vs 4.38±1.06,P＜0.01)and man-machine interaction(3.88±1.55 va 4.88±0.35,P＜0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the scores on image definition and operating room suitability between the two groups.Conclusion:RVS can be used in microsurgical reconstruction of the reproductive tract in male rats and,with its advantages over SOM in ergonomic design and image definition,has a potential application value in male reproductive system micosurgery.

A comprehensive analytical method based on ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole/linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry(UFLC-QTRAP-MS/MS) was established for simultaneous determination of the content of 45 bioactive constituents including flavonoids, alkaloids, amino acids, phenolic acids, and nucleosides in Epimedium brevicornum. The multiple bioactive constituents in leaves, petioles, stems and rhizomes of E. brevicornum were analyzed. The gradient elution was performed at 30 ℃ in an XBridge~® C_(18) column(4.6 mm×100 mm, 3.5 μm) with 0.4% formic acid aqueous solution-acetonitrile as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 mL·min~(-1). Single factor experiment and response surface methodology were employed to optimize the extraction conditions. Multivariate statistical analyses including systematic cluster analysis(SCA), principal component analysis(PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA), and one-way analysis of variance(One-way ANOVA) were carried out to classify the samples from different parts and identify different constituents. Grey relation analysis(GRA) and entropy weight-TOPSIS analysis were performed to build a multi-index comprehensive evaluation model for different parts of E. brevicornum. The results showed that there was a good relationship between the mass concentrations of 45 constituents and the corresponding peak areas, with the correlation coefficients(r) not less than 0.999 0. The precision, repeatability, and stability of the established method were good for all the target constituents in this study, with the relative standard deviations(RSDs) less than 5.0%(0.62%-4.9%) and the average recovery of 94.51%-105.7%. The above results indicated that the bioactive constituents varied in different parts of E. brevicornum, and the overall quality followed the trend of leaves > petioles > rhizomes > stems. This study verified the rationality of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition) stipulating that the medicinal part of E. brevicornum is the leaf. Moreover, our study indicated that the rhizome had the potential for medicinal development. The established method was accurate and reliable, which can be used to comprehensive evaluate and control the quality of E. brevicornum. This study provides data reference for clarifying the medicinal parts and rationally utilizing the resources of E. brevicornum.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Epimedium ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Multivariate Analysis