The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Escherichia coli from retail raw chickens in different provinces of China.A total of 1 152 whole chicken samples were collected and screened for the prevalence of E.coli,and then the E.coli isolates were further tested for the antimicrobial susceptibility using agar dilution method.Results showed that the overall positive rate for E.coli in retail chickens was 65.97％ (760/1 152);resistance was most common to nalidixic acid (66.84％),followed by amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (66.05％),tetracycline (65.00％),trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (63.16 ％),ampicillin (60.66 ％),amoxicillin (51.32 ％),streptomycin (50.39 ％),chloramphenicol (48.32 ％),kanamycin (38.29 ％),gentamicin (26.31％),ciprofloxacin (25.79 ％) and cefoxitin (21.05 ％).The last were gatifloxacin,cefoperazone and amikacin (each ＜20％).Overall,70.53％ of the isolates were resistant to at least three antimicrobials.A large proportion of multidrug resistant isolates were resistant to 8 kinds of antimicrobials (10.26 ％).No strain was resistant to 15 kinds of antimicrobials.Furthermore,isolates recovered from different regions exhibited different resistance levels to most antimicrobials.Our findings indicate that retail chicken in China was commonly contaminated with E.coli,and many E.coli strains exhibited multiple drug resistance.Presence of multiple drug E.coli in raw chickens may pose a potential threat to human health.

Objective To explore the expression characteristics of cytochrome P450(CYP)candidate genes(CYP6M3, CYP6Y1,CYP6P5,CYP4H14,CYP4G17,CYP12F16)in Anopheles sinensis.Methods The samples were collected from dif-ferent developmental stages(eggs,larvae,pupae and adult mosquitoes(females and males)),and different tissues(salivary glands,malpighian tubes,midguts,ovaries,and fat bodies)of An.sinensis and the female adult mosquitoes exposed by differ-ent insecticide doses(0,1.25,3.75,6.25,12.5μg/bottle)and time points(0,5,15,30,60 minutes),then the total RNA was extracted. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR(qPCR)assay was used to analyze the relative expressions of six CYP genes in An.sinensis at different developmental stages,tissues and different insecticide exposure doses and time.Results The expressions of CYP6M3 and CYP6Y1 in the male adult mosquitoes were the highest,the expression of CYP6M3 gene in the males was 35.1 times higher than that in the females,the expression of CYP6Y1 in the males was 61.4 times higher than that in the females;the expression level of CYP4H14 in the larvae was the lowest,the expression of CYP4H14 in the females was 22.5 times higher than that in the fourth instar larvae.The expressions of candidate CYP genes in different tissues of An.sinensis were significantly different,the expression of CYP6M3 in the malpighian tubule was 38.9 times higher than that in the ovary,the ex-pression of CYP6Y1 in the fatbody was 9.1 times higher than that in the ovary,the expression of CYP4G17 was 4.6 times higher than that in the ovary,and the expression of CYP12F16 was 4.4 times higher thanthat in the ovary.The exposure to different in-secticide doses and time showed some induction effects in the expressions of candidate CYP genes,which affected the expres-sions of candidate CYP genes in An.sinensis.Conclusion The expression of candidate CYP genes varies significantly in differ-ent developmental stages and various tissues of An.sinensis,and exposure to deltamethrin at various doses and time points af-fects CYP genes expression in An.sinensis.

Objective To analyze the results of samples testing of Jiangsu Provincial Malaria Diagnostic Reference Laboratory in 2017, so as to provide the evidence for improving the malaria diagnostic performance in this province. Methods The samples of reported malaria cases in Jiangsu were collected by the provincial reference laboratory (PRL) in 2017. The microscopy and nucleic acid test were performed to confirm the infection of Plasmodium species of each case, while Plasmodium antigen tests (rapid diagnostic test, RDT) were performed as well. The detection results were analyzed among different areas and different species. Results Totally 242 malaria cases were reported and the samples were collected by PRL in 2017. A total of 239 cases were confirmed Plasmodium infections, including 163 cases of Plasmodium falciparum infection, 21 cases of P. vivax infection, 11 cases of P. malariae infection, 43 cases of P. ovale infection, and 1 case of P. falciparum and P. ovale mixed-infection. The diagnostic coincidence rates of reported malaria case in 13 prefectures with districts were all > 80%, and the total coincidence rate was 88.8%. The species diagnostic coincidence rates of P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale were 98.8%, 57.1%, 63.6%, and 81.4% respectively, and the detection rates by RDT to those four species infections were 95.7%, 85.0%, 63.6% and 79.1% respectively. Conclusions In 2017, the malaria diagnostic quality of medical technicians is generally high in Jiangsu Province. However, the diagnostic capacity is slightly different among different regions, and the ability to identify non- P. falciparum parasites remains to be improved. RDT is not ideal for the detection of non-P. falciparum infection. In the current stage of malaria elimination, the malaria diagnostic capacity of technicians in all the sectors should be strengthened and maintained.

To establish a systemized malaria biobank with well-rounded epidemiologic data and a computer-aid management system, thus to provide qualified sources for malaria elimination and human malaria research.The malaria biobank was based on the platform of Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases. The blood smear samples, dried blood samples, whole blood samples and parasite strains isolated from patients (from both local and imported cases) were collected since 2011 according to a standardized operational procedure. The biobank management software was applied to input of the epidemiological data and samples, and the quality of samples was monitored regularly.A standard malaria biobank was established. The Information Management System was applied to input, storage and output of samples. Totally 99.42% (2 223/2 236) of the blood smear samples, 92.58% (2 070/2 236) of the dried blood samples, 94.50% (2 113/2 236) of whole blood, and 2.06% (46/2 236) of the isolated stains in 2 236 reported cases were included in the malaria biobank in Jiangsu Province from 2011 to 2017. Based on the malaria biobank, 99.42% (2 223/2 236) of the blood smears and 82.74% (1 850/2 236) of DNA (from dried blood and whole blood samples) from malaria patients in Jiangsu Province were re-checked. Moreover, the samples in the malaria biobank were used in the studies of the mechanism of parasite drug resistance, malaria molecular epidemiology, and diagnosis technology development and evaluation.The establishment of malaria biobank provides a guarantee for malaria elimination in Jiangsu Province and also provides a qualified resource for malaria research.

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical efficacy and toxicity of CLAT protocol (cladribine, cytarabine and topotecan) for treating patients with refractory acute myeloid leukemia (R-AML).

METHODSA total of 18 patients with R-AML (median age 37 years, range 18 to 58 years; male n = 16, female n = 2) were treated with CLAT protocol, which consisted of cladribine 5 mg/m(2)/d, i.v. on days 1-5, cytarabine 1.5 g/m(2)/d, i.v. on days 1-5, topotecan 1.25 mg/m(2)/d, i.v. on days 1-5 and G-CSF 300 µg/d subcutaneous injection on day 6 until neutrophile granulocyte recovery.

RESULTSOut of 18 patients 2 died of severe infection before the assessment. Among 16 evaluated patients, 10 (55.6%) achieved complete remission (CR), and 2 (11.1%) achieved partial remission (PR), the overall response rate was 66.7%, the rest 4 patients did not respond (NR). The median overall survival time and DFS for the CR patients was 9.5 months (95%CI: 6.7-16.64) and 9.5 months (95%CI: 6.1-16.7) respectively. The 1 year OS and DFS rates were 45% and 46.9%, respectively. All patients developed grade 4 of granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia, the median duration was 13 (range 2 to 21) days and 12 days (range 2 to 21), respectively, all patients developed infection, 2 patients died of severe infection. The most common non-hematological side effects included nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, rash, aminotransferase or bilirubin elevation and were grade 1 to 2.

CONCLUSIONThe CLAT protocol seems to have promising for the treatment of refractory AML patients, and patients well tolerated. This CLAT protocol offers an alternative treatment for R-AML patients who received severe intensive treatment, especially with anthracycline-containing chemotherapy.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Agranulocytosis ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Cladribine ; therapeutic use ; Cytarabine ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Remission Induction ; Thrombocytopenia ; Topotecan ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study in vitro sperm damage caused by trichloroethylene in male rats.

METHODSSperms of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were collected 4 hours after being contaminated by trichloroethylene of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mmol/L in vitro. Giemsa staining was performed to observe the morphological changes of sperms, and flow cytometer was used to detect the changes in mitochondrial membrane potential.

RESULTSThe sperm motilities in 6, 8, and 10 mmol/L trichloroethylene groups decreased significantly compared with that in control group (P <0.01); the sperm aberration rates in 8 and 10 mmol/L trichloroethylene groups were significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.01). With the increase in exposure dose, the proportion of sperms with reduced mitochondrial membrane potential increased, and there were significant differences in sperm apoptosis rate between the 4, 6, 8, and 10 mmol/L trichloroethylene groups and control group (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONIn vitro exposure to trichloroethylene can reduce sperm motility and increase the aberration rate and apoptosis rate of sperms in male SD rats.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Male ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sperm Motility ; drug effects ; Spermatozoa ; cytology ; drug effects ; Trichloroethylene ; toxicity

[Objective]To study the clinical efficacy of embolization in treating cerebral arteriovenous malformations(AVMs) using a new liquid embolic agent,FuAiLe medical adhesive (FAL,main ingredients:α-octyl cyanoacrylate and α-butyl cyanoacrylate).[Methods]Femoral artery was catheterized under local anesthesia,and then superselective catheterization to intracranial lesions were obtained using marathon 1.3F microcatheter.Fifteen cerebral AVMs were embolized by FAL.The diameter of AVMs was larger than 6 cm in 4 cases,3-6 cm in 7 cases and smaller than 3 cm in 4 cases.Single blood supply was observed in 3 cases,2 blood supplies in 5 cases and 3 blood supplies in 7 cases.Surgical ablation was applied after embolization in 3 cases,and gamma knife treatment was applied after embolization in 2 cases,[Results] A total of 26-time embolization was obtained in 15 patients;more than 80％ embolization was achieved in 8 cases,including 5 with complete embolization;and 50％-80％ embolization was achieved in 5 cases;less than 50％ embolization was achieved in only 2 cases.No serious complication associated with embolization was noted in all patients.[Conclusion] It is safe and effective for FAL to treat cerebral AVMs and FAL may be an ideal embolic agent.

Objective To observe the effect and the possible mechanism of foot reflexology and music therapy on cancer pain intervention.Methods 90 Patients were randomly divided into 3 groups:normal therapy,palma reflexology massage; palma reflexology massage plus music therapy,30 patients in each group.Evaluated pain score by changhai pain rating scale,and tested patients' peripheral plasma concentration of β-endorphin、prostaglandin E2 and epinephrine by ELISA.Results Patients' pain score reduced to varying degrees,but no statistical differences were found among three groups with regard to pain score and serum concentration of β-endorphin,prostaglandin E2 and epinephrine 3 days post intervention (P ＞ 0.05 ).the pain score was (4.21 ± 0.67 ),(2.12 ± 1.39 ) and ( 1.88 ± 0.77) respectively in normal therapy group,palma reflexology massage group and palma reflexology massage plus music therapy group ( F =21.99,P ＜ 0.05 ),Statistical differences were found between 3 days and 6 days post intervention among internal palma reflexology massage and palma reflexology massage plus music therapy separately with regard to serum concentration of prostaglandin E2 and epinephrine ( P ＜ 0.05 ),whereas no statistical differences were found be tween the two groups at the two time points (P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusions Palma reflexology massage can alleviate cancer pain; its mechanism may be due to its psychological effects,stimulating the modulation effect of meridians and collaterals,modifying pain-related cytokines secretion.

Objective To explore the feasibility and advantages of establishment of retrograde amnesia (RA) model in mice with such methods as electric shock,anoxia,and anesthesia.Methods Kunming mice were divided into control group and 5 treatment groups,including treatments with electric shock,anoxia,propofol,electric shock+anoxia,electric shock+propofol.At first,every group received the same dark avoidance training to establish the behavior of dark avoidance,then the 5 treatment groups were treated with the methods of 120-180 V electric shock,anoxia within a closed container,intraperitoneal injection of 0.3 mL of propofol,electric shock+anoxia,electric shock+propofol,respectively.Next day,step-in latency (Lat) of mousse were measured with the dark chamber in all groups and changes of dark avoidance behavior were analyzed.Results The Lat in the control group 24 h after dark avoidance training was (111.7+17.2) s.In the treatment groups of electric shock,anoxia,electric shock+anoxia,electric shock+propofol,significantly shortened Lat,which limited to 30 s in some mice 24 hatter corresponding treatment,was observed as compared with that in the control group (P<0.05).Except for the propofol treatment group did not changed obviously,the incidence rate of shortened Lat was 43.8%,45.4%,66.7% and 60% in the electric shock treatment group,anoxia treatment group,electric shock+anoxia treatment group,and electric shock+propofol treatment group,respectively.On the 5th and 8th d,some mice recovered from the shortened Lat.Conclusion RA model can be established successfully in some mice treated with electric shock,anoxia,electric shock+anoxia,electric shock+propofol and the highest modeling rate was found in the electric shock+anoxia treatment group.RA can recover in the later stage in some modeling mice and use of pmplfol alone call not induce RA.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the diagnostic value and safety of flexible bronchoscopy in congenital great vessel diseases complicated with airway compression.

METHODThe medical records of patients with great vessels abnormalities who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from October 2005 to June 2009 were retrospectively reviewed; 34 cases were diagnosed as airway compression by flexible bronchoscopy, 10 cases as vascular ring, 24 cases as aortal arch obstruction. The age of the patients was 6 d - 11 m, body weight 2.2 - 8.7 kg [(4.6 +/- 1.4) kg]. Recorded airway abnormalities detected by bronchoscopy and CT, cardiac vascular defects and airway compression were consistent with the findings on operation. The relation between the airway compression and cardiac vascular abnormalities, treatment of the airway compression and outcome were analysed.

RESULTBronchoscopic assessment was successfully performed in NICU or operating room for all the patients. (1) Initial presentation of the 34 cases were tachypnea, stridor, refractory lung infection and prolonged mechanical ventilation. (2) Extrinsic compression was found in all the 10 cases with vascular ring by bronchoscopy initially which indicated vascular ring, airway compression was mainly of lower part of trachea. Diagnosis of 9 cases was consistent with CT diagnosis and in 1 case the diagnosis was confirmed by surgery; among these cases, 7 had congenital tracheal stenosis. (3) In the 24 cases with aortic obstructive lesion, 5 were detected to have tracheal stenosis by CT before correction of vascular abnormality, among whom one case was indicated to have tracheal stenosis by bronchoscopy, the other 19 cases were found with airway compression by bronchoscopy during or after vascular correction. Among the 24 cases, 21 had left main bronchial stenosis, 2 had congenital tracheal stenosis. Airway compression diagnosed by bronchoscopy agreed with the findings of CT. Two cases developed transient decrease of oxygen saturation, 5 cases developed transient tachycardia.

CONCLUSIONFlexible bronchoscopy plays an important role in assessment of the airway compression complicated with great vessel abnormalities. Bronchoscopy is an accurate, convenient, safe and rapid way for airway assessment, but further examination of the peripheral structure and vascular malformation need combined examination with CT.

Airway Obstruction ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Bronchoscopy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Vascular Malformations ; complications ; diagnosis