H 1-antihistamines are widely used in the treatment of various allergic diseases, but there are still many challenges in the safe and rational use of H 1-antihistamines in pediatrics, and there is a lack of guidance on the prescription review of H 1-antihistamines for children.In this paper, suggestions are put forward from the indications, dosage, route of administration, pathophysiological characteristics of children with individual difference and drug interactions, so as to provide reference for clinicians and pharmacists.

With the advent of precision medicine, next-generation sequencing (NGS) is playing an increasingly important role in clinical oncology diagnosis and treatment with its advantages of high sensitivity, high accuracy, high efficiency and operability. NGS reveals the genetic characteristics of acute leukemia(AL) patients by screening for specific disease-causing genes to identify occult as well as complex genetic mutations in patients with AL, leading to early diagnosis and targeted drug therapy for AL patients, as well as to predict disease recurrence by detecting mnimal residual disease (MRD) and analyzing mutated genes to determine patient prognosis. NGS plays an increasingly important role in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis assessment in AL, providing a direction for the pursuit of precision medicine. This paper reviews the research progress of NGS in AL.
Humans ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics* ; Acute Disease ; Mutation ; Recurrence ; Neoplasm, Residual/genetics*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the titer of IgG anti-A/B erythrocyte antibody in vivo of the neonate with hemolytic disease of newborn(HDN), and explore its clinical valua in evaluating the severity of HDN. METHODS: 300 neonates with HDN, 50 neonates with neonatal hyperbilirubinemiain and 50 healthy neonates were selected as research object and Microtubes Gel Test was used to detect the titer of IgG anti-A/B erythrocyte antibody in vivo. Their clinical data and their mothers' prenatal examination data were retrospectively analyzed. Three hemolysis tests (direct antiglobulin test, free antibody test and release test), irregular antibody screening, and the titer of IgG anti-A/B blood group antibody was determined by serological method. Red blood cells(RBC), hemoglobin(Hb), reticulocytes(Ret) and nucleated red cells were detected by hematology analyzer. Indirect bilirubin and albumin(Alb) were detected by biochemical analyzer. The relationship between the titer of IgG anti-A/B erythrocyte antibody in vivo and the severity of HDN was analyzed. RESULTS: There were six serological diagnosis modes in the HDN group,the difference between modes was statistically significant (P<0.05). The antibody titer relationship between HDN neonates and pregnant women was positive correlation(r=0.8302). The highest antibody titer of release test and free antibody test were 1∶32 and 1∶2, and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. RBC, Hb and Alb in HDN patients were lower than those in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia patients and healthy neonates (P<0.05), and were negatively relevant with antibody titer in vivo (r=-0.8016). Bilirubin content in HDN patients were higher than those in neonatal hyperbiliru binemia patients and healthy neonates group(P<0.05), and was positively relevant with antibody titer in vivo (r=0.8731). The hospital day in HDN patients was significantly relevant with the antibody titer in vivo (r=0.8547), but not with the age, sex, weight and ABO blood types (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The detection of antibody titer in HDN patients can be used to evaluate the antibody concentration in vivo, predict the ability of antibody to induce erythrocyte hemolysis, and help to judge the serenrity and prognosis of HDN.
ABO Blood-Group System ; Bilirubin ; Blood Group Incompatibility ; Erythroblastosis, Fetal ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Hematologic Diseases ; Hemolysis ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies

Objective: To explore the gene-lifestyle interaction on coronary heart disease (CHD) in adult twins of China. Methods: Participants were selected from twin pairs registered in the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR). Univariate interaction model was used to estimate the interaction, via exploring the moderation effect of lifestyle on the genetic variance of CHD. Results: A total of 20 477 same-sex twin pairs aged ≥25 years were recruited, including 395 CHD cases, and 66 twin pairs both had CHD. After adjustment for age and sex, no moderation effects of lifestyles, including current smoking, current drinking, physical activity, intake of vegetable and fruit, on the genetic variance of CHD were found (P>0.05), suggesting no significant interactions. Conclusion: There was no evidence suggesting statistically significant gene-lifestyle interaction on CHD in adult twins of China.
Adult ; China/epidemiology* ; Coronary Disease/genetics* ; Diseases in Twins/genetics* ; Humans ; Life Style ; Twins/genetics* ; Twins, Dizygotic ; Twins, Monozygotic

Objective:To examine the heritability of body mass index (BMI) and coronary heart disease (CHD), and to explore whether genetic factors can explain their correlation.Methods:Participants were from 11 provinces/municipalities reqistered in the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR) from 2010 to 2018. Participants data were collected from face-to-face questionnaire survey. Bivariate structure equation model was used to estimate the heritability and the genetic correlation of BMI and CHD.Results:A total of 20 340 pairs of same-sex twins aged ≥25 years were included in this study. After adjusting for age and gender, the heritability of BMI and CHD was 0.52 (95% CI: 0.49-0.55) and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.69-0.81), respectively. Further, a genetic correlation was identified between BMI and CHD ( rA=0.10, 95% CI:0.02-0.17). Conclusion:In Chinese adult twin population, BMI and CHD are affected by genetic factors, and their correlation can be attributed to the common genetic basis.

Objective:To examine the heritability of body mass index (BMI) and coronary heart disease (CHD), and to explore whether genetic factors can explain their correlation.Methods:Participants were from 11 provinces/municipalities reqistered in the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR) from 2010 to 2018. Participants data were collected from face-to-face questionnaire survey. Bivariate structure equation model was used to estimate the heritability and the genetic correlation of BMI and CHD.Results:A total of 20 340 pairs of same-sex twins aged ≥25 years were included in this study. After adjusting for age and gender, the heritability of BMI and CHD was 0.52 (95% CI: 0.49-0.55) and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.69-0.81), respectively. Further, a genetic correlation was identified between BMI and CHD ( rA=0.10, 95% CI:0.02-0.17). Conclusion:In Chinese adult twin population, BMI and CHD are affected by genetic factors, and their correlation can be attributed to the common genetic basis.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects and mechanisms of PKC412 inhibitor on proliferation and apoptosis of HL-60 cell line. METHODS: CCK-8 assay was used to detect the effect of PKC412 on the proliferation of HL-60 cells at different concentrations; Wright-Giemsa staining was used to estimated the effect of PKC412 on the apoptosis of HL-60 cells; the mRNA expression of BCL-2 and P53 genes was detected by qRT-PCR, the expression of BCL-2 and P53 proteins was detected by Western blot. HL-60 cells were injected into mouse caudal vein to construct acute myeloid leukemia model, PKC412 was administered to tail vein for 31.25 nmol/kg, normal saline was injected into the same site of the mice as control group, and the inhibitory effect of PKC412 on HL-60 cells in mice was observed. ELISA assay was used to detect the effect of PKC412 on the inflammatory factors of TNF-α and TGF-β in tumor mice. RESULTS: PKC412 could inhibit the proliferation of HL-60 cell, which was in a dose dependent manner(r=0.9973) (IC50 was 0.31 μmol/L), and induce apoptosis of HL-60 cells. After HL-60 cell was treated by PKC412 for 48 h the expression of BCL-2 gene was down regulated(0.417±0.044 vs 0.933±0.033, t=9.347, P<0.001), the expression of P53 gene was up regulated(1.533±0.145 vs 1.050±0.161, t=2.231, P>0.05) as compared with control group. And the expression of BCL-2 protein was decreased, while the expression of P53 protein was increased. PKC412 could inhibited the growth of HL-60 tumor cells in vivo, the survival rate of mice after administration was 50% and the weight was increased as compared with that in control group(18.02±0.403 g vs 16.44±0.562 g, t=2.272, P=0.0356). The secretion of TNF-α and TGF-β cytokine in serum and spleen cells in PKC412 group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION PKC412 can induce apoptosis of HL-60 cells by inhibiting the expression level of BCL-2 gene, PKC412 administration in vivo can inhibit the growth of the tumors.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Proliferation ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Mice ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; Staurosporine/analogs & derivatives*

OBJECTIVE: To observe and compare the therapeutic effects of hydroxypropyl chitosan ferrous ion complex solution and ferrous sulfate solution in iron deficiency anemia rats and their effects on gastric mucosa. METHODS: Seven rats were randomly selected from thirty five SPF grade SD rats as control group, and were fed with normal diet, distilled water (E). The rest of SD rats were fed with low iron feed and distilled water plus continuous tail vein bloodletting to establish the iron deficiency anemia model. After the model was established successfully, the rats were randomly divided into four groups: blank control group (A), iron deficiency anemia control group (B), ferrous sulfate group (C), hydroxypropyl chitosan ferrous ion complex (HPCTS-Fe RESULTS: After modeling, except the normal control group, the hair color of the rats in the four groups showed dark yellow and the belly of the toes became white gradually. HGB, HCT, Ret%, MCV, MCH, MCHC and SF decreased significantly (P < 0.05). After treatment, the rats with dark yellow hair in group C and D were improved, and the toe abdomen turned pink gradually. RBC, HGB, HCT, Ret%, MCV, MCH, MCHC and SF in rats in group C and D increased, which were higher than those in group B (P < 0.05). The HGB of the rats in group D was higher than that of group C in day 28th during treatment and the Ret% was higher than that in group C at day 10th (P<0.05).After treatment, the liver and spleen of the rats in group C and D were lighter than those in group B (P<0.05).The gastric mucosa in group A, B, D and E was not damaged obviously, while it was slightly irritated and damaged in group C. CONCLUSION Hydroxypropyl chitosan ferrous complex solution can improve the hemoglobin level of SD rats with iron deficiency anemia, which is stronger than ferrous sulfate solution and shows no damage to gastric mucosa.
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/drug therapy* ; Animals ; Chitosan ; Ferrous Compounds ; Hemoglobins ; Iron ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVE: To perform dried blood spots thalassemia gene detection in patients with positive blood phenotypes by microarray technology, and evaluate its value in clinical detection. METHODS: DNA samples were extracted from dried blood spots of 410 patients. Microarray technology was used to detect 3 deletion and 3 non-deletion types of α-thalassemia and 19 β-thalassemia point mutations which were common gene mutions in China. RESULTS: There were 357 positive cases in all the 410 tested samples with the positive rate 87.07%, among which 299 cases (72.93%) carried deletion or point mutations of α-thalassemia, 29 cases (7.07%) carried point mutations of β-thalassemia and 29 cases (7.07%) carried gene mutations of complex αβ-thalassemia syndrome. The mutations of α-thalassemia were involved with -- CONCLUSION The most common genetic mutations are --
China ; Humans ; Mutation ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; alpha-Thalassemia/genetics* ; beta-Thalassemia/genetics*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of ursane triterpenoids 3β,19α-dihydroxyursu-12-ene-23,28-dicarboxylic acid (Rotundioic acid, RA) on the sensitivity of adriamycin-resistant K562 cells (K562/ADM Cell) anti-tumor drug, and to explore the effect and mechanism of RA on the multidrug resistance of K562/ADM cells. METHODS: CCK-8 method was used to detect the effect of RA on the sensitivity of K562 cells and K562/ADM cells to anti-tumor drug. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot were used to detect the expression level of mRNA and the protein in K562 and K562/ADM cells, and the effect of RA on the expression of MDR1 mRNA and P-gp in K562/ADM cells was also detected; Western blot was used to detect the expression of p-JNK, p-p38 and p-ERK1/2 in K562/ADM cells. RESULTS: RA could increased the sensitivity of K562/ADM cells to adriamycin(the reversal factor was 1.61 times), the difference showed statistically significantly (P<0.05); the resistance factor of K562/ADM to ADM was 41.76 times. The expression of MDR1 mRNA in K562 cells was extremely low, and the protein product P-glycoprotein (P-gp) was almost not expressed; MDR1 mRNA and P-gp in K562/ADM cells were highly expressed; RA could down-regulate the expression levels of MDR1 and P-gp in K562/ADM cells. In addition, RA could upregulate the phosphorylation levels of p38 and ERK1/2 in K562/ADM cells, but it has no effect on the expression of p-JNK. CONCLUSION RA may participate in the regulation of MAPK signaling pathway by upregulating the expression levels of p-p38 and p-ERK1/2 in K562/ADM cells, and thus inhibit the transcription and translation levels of MDR1, and finally reverse the multidrug resistance of leukemia cells.
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B ; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Humans ; K562 Cells