Intraoperative cell salvage (IOCS) has been widely applied as an important blood conservation measure in surgical operations. However, there is currently a lack of clinical practice guidelines for the implementation of IOCS in patients with malignant tumors. This report aims to provide clinicians with recommendations on the use of IOCS in patients with malignant tumors based on the review and assessment of the existed evidence. Data were derived from databases such as PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and Wanfang. The guideline development team formulated recommendations based on the quality of evidence, balance of benefits and harms, patient preferences, and health economic assessments. This study constructed seven major clinical questions. The main conclusions of this guideline are as follows: 1) Compared with no perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion (NPABT), perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion (PABT) leads to a more unfavorable prognosis in cancer patients (Recommended); 2) Compared with the transfusion of allogeneic blood or no transfusion, IOCS does not lead to a more unfavorable prognosis in cancer patients (Recommended); 3) The implementation of IOCS in cancer patients is economically feasible (Recommended); 4) Leukocyte depletion filters (LDF) should be used when implementing IOCS in cancer patients (Strongly Recommended); 5) Irradiation treatment of autologous blood to be reinfused can be used when implementing IOCS in cancer patients (Recommended); 6) A careful assessment of the condition of cancer patients (meeting indications and excluding contraindications) should be conducted before implementing IOCS (Strongly Recommended); 7) Informed consent from cancer patients should be obtained when implementing IOCS, with a thorough pre-assessment of the patient's condition and the likelihood of blood loss, adherence to standardized internally audited management procedures, meeting corresponding conditions, and obtaining corresponding qualifications (Recommended). In brief, current evidence indicates that IOCS can be implemented for some malignant tumor patients who need allogeneic blood transfusion after physician full evaluation, and LDF or irradiation should be used during the implementation process.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-associated death globally. Liver transplantation (LT) has emerged as a key treatment for patients with HCC, and the Milan criteria have been adopted as the cornerstone of the selection policy. To allow more patients to benefit from LT, a number of expanded criteria have been proposed, many of which use radiologic morphological characteristics with larger and more tumors as surrogates to predict outcomes. Other groups developed indices incorporating biological variables and dynamic markers of response to locoregional treatment. These expanded selection criteria achieved satisfactory results with limited liver supplies. In addition, a number of prognostic models have been developed using clinicopathological characteristics, imaging radiomics features, genetic data, and advanced techniques such as artificial intelligence. These models could improve prognostic estimation, establish surveillance strategies, and bolster long-term outcomes in patients with HCC. In this study, we reviewed the latest findings and achievements regarding the selection criteria and post-transplant prognostic models for LT in patients with HCC.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-associated death globally. Liver transplantation (LT) has emerged as a key treatment for patients with HCC, and the Milan criteria have been adopted as the cornerstone of the selection policy. To allow more patients to benefit from LT, a number of expanded criteria have been proposed, many of which use radiologic morphological characteristics with larger and more tumors as surrogates to predict outcomes. Other groups developed indices incorporating biological variables and dynamic markers of response to locoregional treatment. These expanded selection criteria achieved satisfactory results with limited liver supplies. In addition, a number of prognostic models have been developed using clinicopathological characteristics, imaging radiomics features, genetic data, and advanced techniques such as artificial intelligence. These models could improve prognostic estimation, establish surveillance strategies, and bolster long-term outcomes in patients with HCC. In this study, we reviewed the latest findings and achievements regarding the selection criteria and post-transplant prognostic models for LT in patients with HCC.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-associated death globally. Liver transplantation (LT) has emerged as a key treatment for patients with HCC, and the Milan criteria have been adopted as the cornerstone of the selection policy. To allow more patients to benefit from LT, a number of expanded criteria have been proposed, many of which use radiologic morphological characteristics with larger and more tumors as surrogates to predict outcomes. Other groups developed indices incorporating biological variables and dynamic markers of response to locoregional treatment. These expanded selection criteria achieved satisfactory results with limited liver supplies. In addition, a number of prognostic models have been developed using clinicopathological characteristics, imaging radiomics features, genetic data, and advanced techniques such as artificial intelligence. These models could improve prognostic estimation, establish surveillance strategies, and bolster long-term outcomes in patients with HCC. In this study, we reviewed the latest findings and achievements regarding the selection criteria and post-transplant prognostic models for LT in patients with HCC.

AIM: To investigate the preventive effect and optimal drug dose of lipoic acid-niacin(N2L)against blue light-induced retinal damage in SD rats, and to explore its possible protective mechanism.METHODS: A total of 36 specific pathogen free-grade male SD rats of 150-200 g were selected and randomly divided into normal control group, blue light injury group, N2L low-dose group(1.0 mg/kg), N2L medium-dose group(2.5 mg/kg), N2L high-dose group(5.0 mg/kg), and physiological saline group, with 6 rats in each group. The normal control group was reared in a 12 h dark and light cycle, and the rest of the groups received 9 h of daily light exposure, 3 h of blue light irradiation with a wavelength of 455 nm and an intensity of 3000±50 lx, and 12 h of darkness to establish the injury model, and were exposed to light exposure for 14 d. For 14 consecutive durations, a 1 mL dose of the corresponding drug was injected intraperitoneally. The rats were reared for another 5 d with a regular 12 h light-dark cycle and were examined by electroretinography. Specimens were prepared by over anesthesia, HE staining, and the thickness of the outer nuclear layer was observed under a optical microscope; superoxide dismutases(SOD)activity was detected by CheKineTM SOD Activity Assay Kit; and the retinal Caspase-3, quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1), glutathione S transferase(GST), Bcl-2, and Bax protein expression in rat retina were detected by Western blot.RESULTS: The amplitude of b-wave in dark-vision ERG 3.0 and 10.0(cd·s)/m2 stimulated light, b-wave in bright-vision ERG 3.0(cd·s)/m2 stimulated light, and the amplitude of the 2nd wave peak of oscillatory potential were significantly lower in blue light injury group than that in the normal control group(all P<0.01), while the amplitude was significantly higher in the N2L medium-dose group than in the blue light injury group(all P<0.05), and was not statistically different from that of the normal control group; the thickness of the retina in the blue light injury group was decreased in the ONL compared with that of the normal control group(P<0.001), while in the N2L medium dose group, it was thicker than that of the blue light injury group(P<0.001), and there was no statistically significant difference from the normal control group; SOD activity was significantly higher in the N2L medium-dose group than in the remaining 5 groups(P<0.05); the expression of Caspase-3, Bax, and NQO1 in the blue light injury group was higher than that of the normal control group(all P<0.01), and expression of Bax and Caspase-3 was significantly lower in the N2L medium-dose group compared with the blue light injury group(all P<0.001), whereas GST, NQO1 and Bcl-2 were significantly increased(all P<0.01).CONCLUSION:A concentration of 2.5 mg/kg N2L can effectively antagonize the damaging effect of blue light on the retina of SD rats, and it is expected to be a preventive and curative drug for it.

Objective Based on U.S.Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System(FAERS)database,the signal mining of tizanidine adverse drug events(ADEs)was conducted to explore the occurrence characteristics of ADE,hoping to provide references for the safe clinical application of tizanidine.Methods The reporting odds ratio(ROR)and medicines and healthcare products regulatory agency methods(MHRA)were used to analyse the ADE of tizanidine using FAERS registration data from the first quarter of 2004 to the second quarter of 2022.After valid signals were obtained,the MedDRA was used for translation and system organ classification.Results A total of 7 135 reports of tizanidine ADE were obtained,including 1 732 patients,1 304 ADE types were involved.According to the results of 2 ADE signal mining methods,at the preferred term(PT)level,177 signals were detected.There were 32 PT signals not included in the drug instructions,including potassium wasting nephropathy,cardio-respiratory arrest,and foetal growth restriction etc.In 1 732 patients,the number of ADE cases of female was 2.37 times that in male(1 057 vs.446),and the age group between 40 and 64 accounted for a large proportion(36.03％).The highest proportion(32.79％)reported by consumers.The system organ class involved mainly included various neurological diseases and psychosis.The median time to onset of tizanidine-related ADEs was 75 d(interquartile range:28-223 d),but it was necessary to be vigilant that ADE may still occur 1 year after starting the drug(13.38％).Conclusion This study aims to suggest that clinical application of tizanidin-related ADE should be paid full attention to the occurrence of ADE such as potassium-wasting nephropathy and suicidally completed,as well as key populations such as women and patients of 40-64 years old.

Objective To establish a method for the determination of molecular weight of meningococcal polysaccharide and polysaccharide-protein conjugates by size exclusion chromatography-multiangle laser-light scattering(SEC-MALLS), and to verify and apply the method, so as to improve the quality control level of meningococcal vaccines.Methods A SEC-MALLS method was established to detect the molecular weight of polysaccharide and polysaccharide-protein conjugates of meningococcus. The chromatographic conditions were as follows: 0. 9% sodium chloride solution as the mobile phase; Shodex OHpak LB-806 HQ(300 mm × 8. 0 mm, 13 μm) as the column; the flow rate at 0. 5 mL/min; the column temperature at 35 ℃. The systematic applicability, accuracy, precision and durability of the method were verified, and the samples from different manufacturers were detected by this method. In addition, the correlation between SEC-MALLS and the existing pharmacopoeia quality standard methods was analyzed.Results Except for STD P-100, the relative error and precision between the measured and marked values of weight-average molecular weight(Mw) of STD P-50 to STD P-800 were less than 5. 0%, indicating that the pullulan standard could be used as the systematic adaptive sample. The RSDs of reproducibility and intermediate precision were not more than 5. 0%. The polysaccharide and polysaccharide-protein conjugates had good stability within 48 h after preparation. The average Mw of polysaccharides from group A, C, Y and W135 were 257. 5, 377. 3, 399. 7and 305. 5 kDa, while the polysaccharide-protein conjugates of group A and group C were 6 438 and 23 360 kDa, respectively. Among the 71 batches of polysaccharide samples, the results of group A and group C in five batches exceeded the trend, and the inner-and inter-batch differences of other batches were within the range of mean ± 3 SD. Except the KDvalue of polysaccharide in group Y had a certain negative correlation with Mw, there was no significant correlation between the two methods in the remaining polysaccharide and polysaccharide-protein conjugates.Conclusion SEC-MALLS can directly determine the molecular weight of polysaccharide and polysaccharide-protein conjugates of meningococcal vaccine with the advantages of fast, accurate and simple operation, and can reflect the molecular structure information to a certain extent,which is conducive to improve the quality control of this key quality parameter.

This article summarizes and organizes relevant publications in journals, along with a review of medical history, systematically summarizing the development process of dental alveolar surgery in China. The initial establishment phase (1935—1952) marked the starting point of Chinese Alveolar Surgery. Despite the impact of wars, it laid the foundation for subsequent research and practice. During the early development phase (1953—1966), the "Chinese Journal of Stomatology" was founded, which promoted the development of Alveolar Surgery. Research focused on tooth extraction methods and complications. Tooth Transplantation and Preprosthetic Surgery gradually began to take off. The stagnant phase (1967—1977) occurred due to the interruption of international exchanges, leading to an almost complete halt in the development of Alveolar Surgery. Entering the rapid catch-up phase (1978—1985), Alveolar Surgery scholars in China began striving to overcome the stagnation of the previous decade. While some progress was made, no significant innovative achievements emerged. In the scientific development phase (1986—2010), clinical research, basic experiments, and paper writing in modern Chinese Alveolar Surgery began to adhere to scientific standards with the rise of experimental medicine. The exploration and innovation stage (2011—2023) is the current development phase, during which Chinese Aveolar Surgery has reached its peak, making substantial progress in technology, clinical practices, and basic research, gradually reaching or even surpassing international advanced levels. Looking back at the development history in China, we can find the wisdom and hard work of the older generation of Alveolar Surgery scholars. However, contemporary challenges and issues, such as standardizing technology, promoting clinical practices, and talent cultivation, need to be addressed by present-day Alveolar Surgery professionals as they forge ahead.

Helicobacter pylori(Hp)is responsible for chronic gastritis,peptic ulcers,and even gastric cancers.Currently,there is no vaccine to prevent or treat Hp infections.Here,we described the chemical synthesis of α-1,6-glucans with different lengths(di-to hexasaccharide),which are present in the core oligosaccharide of Hp lipopolysaccharide(LPS).The 1,2-cis-glucosidic bonds were constructed successfully using a synergistic glycosylation strategy based on acyl remote participation and solvent effects.The results of glycan microarrays indicated that all synthesized α-1,6-glucan fragments possessed a strong binding to IgG antibodies in both rabbit serum immunized with Hp O1 LPS and patient serum infected with Hp.The α-1,6-linked trisaccharide exhibited strong binding affinity to anti-LPS rabbit IgG antibodies.The α-1,6-glucan trisaccharide and pentasaccharide elicited a strong response to IgG antibodies in sera of most Hp-infected patients.Some patients'sera exhibited strong binding activity with α-1,6-linked disaccharide.The results suggest that the α-1,6-glucan disaccharide,trisaccharide and pentasaccharide could be important carbohydrate antigen fragments in Hp lipopolysaccharide.

Objective This study aimed to understand the epidemic status and phylogenetic relationships of rotavirus group A(RVA)in the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong Province,China. Methods This study included individuals aged 28 days-85 years.A total of 706 stool samples from patients with acute gastroenteritis collected between January 2019 and January 2020 were analyzed for 17 causative pathogens,including RVA,using a Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel,followed by genotyping,virus isolation,and complete sequencing to assess the genetic diversity of RVA. Results The overall RVA infection rate was 14.59%(103/706),with an irregular epidemiological pattern.The proportion of co-infection with RVA and other pathogens was 39.81%(41/103).Acute gastroenteritis is highly prevalent in young children aged 0-1 year,and RVA is the key pathogen circulating in patients 6-10 months of age with diarrhea.G9P[8](58.25%,60/103)was found to be the predominant genotype in the RVA strains,and the 41 RVA-positive strains that were successfully sequenced belonged to three different RVA genotypes in the phylogenetic analysis.Recombination analysis showed that gene reassortment events,selection pressure,codon usage bias,gene polymorphism,and post-translational modifications(PTMs)occurred in the G9P[8]and G3P[8]strains. Conclusion This study provides molecular evidence of RVA prevalence in the Pearl River Delta region of China,further enriching the existing information on its genetics and evolutionary characteristics and suggesting the emergence of genetic diversity.Strengthening the surveillance of genotypic changes and gene reassortment in RVA strains is essential for further research and a better understanding of strain variations for further vaccine development.