OBJECTIVE To characterize paclitaxel nanoparticles （PTX-PLGA-NPs） and evaluate their in vitro inhibitory effect on Lewis lung cancer cells. METHODS The PTX-PLGA-NPs prepared by the emulsion-solvent evaporation method were characterized in terms of particle size， polydispersity index （PDI）， Zeta potential， microscopic morphology， encapsulation efficiency， drug loading， ultraviolet-visible absorption characteristics and stability. Using mouse Lewis lung cancer cells as the subjects and paclitaxel reference substance as the control， the cytotoxicity and in vitro killing activity of PTX-PLGA-NPs were detected using CCK-8 method and Calcein-AM/PI double staining method， respectively. The effects of PTX-PLGA-NPs on cell apoptosis and cell cycle were assessed by Annexin Ⅴ-FITC/PI staining method and PI staining method， respectively. RESULTS PTX-PLGA-NPs were spherical with an average particle size of （172.03±0.95） nm， PDI of 0.098±0.012， and Zeta potential of （－1.76±0.02） mV. The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading were （52.32±0.66）% and （7.07±0.18）%， respectively， and the ultraviolet-visible absorption characteristics were not affected by the carrier polylactic-co-glycolic acid. When stored in the dark at 4 °C for 7 days， no significant change was noted in particle size， and the average PDI （after 1， 2， 4 and 7 days of storage） was under 0.3. Compared with the paclitaxel reference substance group， the PTX-PLGA-NPs group had more cells in a state of death， the survival rate （at the PTX concentration of 11.2 μg/mL） was significantly decreased， and both the apoptosis rate and the proportion of G2 phase cells were significantly increased （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS The prepared PTX-PLGA-NPs indicate homogeneity in particle size， uniform dispersion， stable properties， and stronger in vitro killing effect on lung cancer cells than PTX.

Objective:To explore the potential categories of psychological distress in spousal caregivers of stroke patients and differences in quality of life between categories, in order to provide a theoretical basis for early clinical identification and provision of individualized and targeted interventions for psychological distress in spousal caregivers of stroke patients and improvement of their quality of life.Methods:A total of 207 spouse caregivers of stroke patients hospitalized in three class 1-Grade A hospitals in Yinchuan city of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected from December 2020 to July 2021 by convenience sampling method as study subjects. The general information questionnaire, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and the Mos 36-Item Short from Health Survey were used for a cross-sectional survey.Results:A total of 203 spousal caregivers of stroke patients were finally investigated, 46 males and 157 females with a age of (58.65 ± 9.66) years. Psychological distress among spousal caregivers of stroke patients was categorized into 3 potential categories:no distress group (40%, 81/203), listlessness group (45%, 91/203) and helplessness and restlessness group (15%, 31/203). The psychological distress subgroup was a factor influencing the quality of life of spousal caregivers of stroke patients ( t=-10.03, P<0.05), explaining 33.0% of the variance in quality of life. Conclusions:Psychological distress in spousal caregivers of stroke patients is significantly heterogeneous. Those in the helplessness and restlessness group have the lowest quality of life and should be given focused attention and early intervention.

ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics of serum perfluoroalkyl substances （PFASs） exposure and potential influencing factors among community residents in Songjiang District， Shanghai. MethodsIn August 2021， residents who underwent routine health checkups in a community in Songjiang District， Shanghai were recruited as study subjects. The inclusion criteria were adult residents who had lived in the area for more than 3 years， had no occupational exposure history， no underlying diseases， were not pregnant， and were able to complete the questionnaire independently and sign the informed consent form. A questionnaire survey was conducted and venous blood samples were collected. The concentrations of 15 PFASs in serum were determined using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS）. Ordered multi-class logistic regression， interquartile range （IQR）， and odds ratio （OR） were used to explore the influencing factors and risk magnitude of serum PFASs concentrations. ResultsOf the 15 PFASs， 14 were detected， and the detection rates of 7 PFASs were higher than 50%. The highest detected concentrations among the PFASs were PFOS （perfluorooctane sulfonate）， PFOA （perfluorooctanoic acid）， and PFHxS （perfluorohexane sulfonate）， with median concentrations of 48.61 μg∙L^-1， 37.29 μg∙L^-1， and 36.51 μg∙L^-1， respectively. The strongest correlation was between PFDA and PFUnDA （r=0.93， P<0.05）， followed by PFOS and PFDA （r=0.86， P<0.05）. Age， frequency of plastic product use， time spent indoors per day， personal annual income， tea consumption， and daily water intake were potential factors for exposure to PFASs. Among them， age was positively correlated with PFASs； tea consumption was positively correlated with PFNA and PFOA； PFHpA was negatively correlated with the frequency of plastic product use and personal annual income； and PFOS was negatively correlated with the time spent indoors per day. ConclusionThe exposure to serum PFASs among community residents in Songjiang District was relatively serious， and the main components were traditional PFOA， PFOS， and PFHx. Different sociodemographic characteristics had varying degrees of influence on the concentrations of PFASs in serum. The impact of PFASs exposure on the health of community residents deserves further investigation.

Objective: To analyze the microvessel density (MVD) and lymph node metastasis in the papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with punctate or sheet calcification. Methods: Fifty PTC patients in the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University from May 2015 to October 2017 were retrospectively enrolled in this study. All of the 50 PTC patients were divided into punctate calcification group (38 cases) and sheet calcification group (12 cases) according to the different features of pathological calcification in microscope examination. For the two groups, the central and peripheral zone MVD and the lymph node metastasis of each PTC nodule were compared. Results: For PTC nodules of punctate calcification group, the mean central and peripheral zone MVD were (51±7)/HP and (64±8)/HP, respectively. For those of sheet calcification group, which were (35±5)/HP and (49±6)/HP, respectively. The mean MVD in both central and peripheral zone of PTC nodules of punctate calcification group were significantly higher than those of the sheet calcification group (t values were 10.183 and 12.406, both P < 0.05). The neck Ⅵ area lymph node metastasis rates of the punctate and sheet calcification groups were 42.1% (16/38) and 8.3% (1/12), respectively. The lymph node metastasis rate of the punctate calcification group was significantly higher than that of the sheet calcification group (χ ² = 4.635, P < 0.05). Conclusion PTC nodules with different type of pathological calcification may have different invasion and metastasis, and PTC with punctate calcification is more likely to undergo local metastasis than PTC with sheet calcification.

Objective To evaluate the correlations between the cerebral hemodynamic changes of severe acute encephalopathy with the clinical features from emergency periods to stable periods and the value of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography( TCD)in cerebral function assess. Methods Thirty patients with acute brain diseases by assisted mechanical ventilator from Jun 2014 to May 2015 in PICU were included and followed up to Nov 2015,then grouped by Glasgow Coma Scale( GCS),MRI,prognosis( mental sequelae after half a year). Each subject was examined through the temporal bone window by TCD at emergency peri-ods and stable periods. The systolic cerebral blood flow velocity( sCBFV),and pulsatility index( PI)of bilat-eral middle cerebral artery( MCA),anterior cerebral artery,posterior cerebral artery were analyzed. Multivari-ant analysis of variance,repeated measures analysis of variance was conducted to compare sCBFV and PI of MCA among groups in different clinical periods. The variants included sex,disease diagnosis,prognosis, MRI,GCS,and the first abnormal TCD. The variation within groups was tested via a Hotelling T2 test. All sCBFV and PI of each artery and the D-value of sCBFV between the different periods were compared accord-ing to the prognosis groups. Results (1)Five patients could be lateralized,and their lateralization of MRI focus was consistent with the abnormal sides of sCBFV in the stable periods.(2)The D-value of sCBFV in left MCA between the different periods in the poor prognosis group was significantly higher than that in the good prognosis group[(71. 93 ± 58. 21)cm/s vs.(33. 20 ± 30. 23)cm/s,t = -2. 287,P =0. 033].(3) Multivariant analysis of variance showed that GCS classification and disease diagnosis were significantly cor-related with the cerebral hemodynamic changes respectively(P =0. 042,0. 005,respectively).(4)sCBFV and PI of left MCA reduced significantly in the stable periods than those in the emergency periods( P =0. 002,0. 003,respectivly). Conclusion The cerebral hemodynamic changes by TCD from emergency peri-ods to stable periods are consistent with the clinical status,dynamic evaluation by TCD may facilitate the evaluation of brain dysfunction in the severe acute encephalopathy.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide ( LBP) on the tumor growth and metastasis in MMTV?PyMT mouse model of breast cancer. Methods The population of MMTV?PyMT trans?genic mice was expanded and identified. 8?week old MMTV?PyMT?positive female mice were randomly divided into LBP group and control group, 8 mice in each group. The mice of LBP group were given LBP treatment (50 mg/kg, i. p. ), and the control group was given normal saline in the same volume, once every 2 days for 4 weeks. The tumor size was measured every two days. The mice were killed at 4 weeks after treatment, the lungs were removed and fixed in Bouin′s solution to observe the number of metastatic nodules, and tumor tissues were used for immunohistochemical examination of tumor cell proliferation and vascular density. Results The tumor formation rate was 100% in the MMTV?PyMT?positive mice. The tumor weight of LBP group was 4?208 ± 0?4463 g, significantly lower than the 6?477g ± 0?3724 g in the control group (P<0?005). The number of pulmonary nodules of the LBP group was 12 ± 1?155, significantly less than that of the control group (20 ± 2?745) (P<0?05). The immunohistochemical examination using Ki67 and CD31 staining showed that tumor cell proliferation and microvessel density of the LBP group were significantly less than the NS group. Conclusions LBP inhibits breast cancer growth and metastasis through the inhibitory effect on tumor growth and metastasis, inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis in MMTV?PyMT mice. These mice can be used as an ideal model for studies on antitu?mor drug development for the treatment of breast cancer lung metastasis.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of immediate breast reconstruction by implanting silicone prosthesis wrapped by ectopectoralis after nipple-sparing mastectomy in early stage breast cancer.Methods From Jan.2006 to Nov.2009,28 breast cancer patients underwent immediate breast reconstruction by implanting silicone prosthesis wrapped by ectopectoralis after nipple-sparing mastectomy.Results Among the 28 patients,27 were satisfied with the apperance of their breast after operation.Conclusions Immediate breast reconstruction by implanting silicone prosthesis wrapped by ectopectoralis after nipple-sparing mastectomy not only ensures the curative effects but also beautifies the apperance of the breast.The operation has the advantages of simplity,less trauma and quick recovery.There is no difference compared with mastectomy in terms of complication,recurrence rate and mortality etc.

Objective To summarize the features, diagnosis and treatment of plasma cell mastitis.Methods The clinical data of 76 patients with plasma cell mastitis proved by operation and pathology from 2004 to 2009 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Results In 76 cases, there were 47 cases of mammary papilla invagination and foliatepapilla(61.8% ) ,53 cases of inflammatory lump( 69.7% ), 13 cases of chronic fistula cannulas( 17.1% ) ,5 cases misdiagnosed as breast cancer before operation(6.6% ). Conclusions Plasma cell mastitis could be occasionally misdiagnosed as breast cancer,final diagnosis was made by frozen section pathological examination, operation was the effective method to cure the disease, some patients were usually recured, mammary papilla dysplasia could be one of the major etiological factors.

Objective: To discuss the correlation between myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and hepatic trans-planted tumor and to explore new ways to inhibit the development of hepatic cancer. Methods: We established the animal models with H_(22) hepatic carcinoma cells transplanted to the anterior right limb. Then the MDSCs morphology was observed with confocal microscopy and the proportion of MDSCs in blood and spleen was measured with flow cytometry. The 36 mice were divided into three groups: the control group, the low-dose group (2mg/kg) and the high-dose group (4mg/kg). Then As_2O_3 was injected twice a week to the mice before repeating the aforementioned measures. The direct effects of As_2O_3 on MDSCs cultured with H_(22)-ascites supernatant was observed. Results: At 25 days after transplantion, the tumor weight was increased to 5.67g, and the proportion of MDSCs in blood and spleen was increased to 20.46% and 9.50%, re-spectively. There was a positive correlation between hepatic transplanted tumor and MDSCs in blood and spleen and the relative factors were 0.95 and 0.96, respectively (t=-5.270 and 5.939, P<0.05). With the effect of As_2O_3, the proportion of MD-SCs in blood in low-dose group and high-dose group was 11.31% and 10.00% at 28 days after treatment, lower than that in the control group (t=3.193 and 5.486, P<0.05), and there was also a statistical difference between the high-dose group and low-dose group (t=3.066, P<0.05). The proportion of MDSCs in the spleen in low-dose group and high-dose group was 10.90% and 9.04% at 28 days, lower than that in the control group (t=3.586.and 5.279, P<0.05), but there was no statistical difference between the high-dose group and low-dose group (1=1.298, P>0.05). In vitro, the proportion of MDSCs in nutrient fluid was increased to 12.67% at 12 days after treatment with H_(22)-ascites supematant, and was decreased to 7.44% at 18 days after treatment with As_2O_3. Conclusion: The proportion of MDSCs in H_(22) tumor-bearing mice is increased because of tu-mor development. There is a positive correlation between MDSCs and hepatic transplanted tumor. As_2O_3 can decrease MD-SCs and inhibit tumor growth.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEThe actual evaluation of immunological function is significant for studing the tumor development and devising a treatment in time. The aim of this study is to evaluate the immunological function of advanced lung cancer patients systematically, and to discuss the clinical significance.

METHODSThe nucleated cell amounts of advanced lung cancer patients and the healthy individuals were counted. The immune cell subsets and the levels of IL-4, INF-gamma, perforin and granzyme in CD8+T cells by the flow cytometry were measured. The proliferation activity and the inhibition ratio of immune cells to several tumor cell lines were evaluated by MTT assay.

RESULTSThe absolute amounts and subsets of T, B, NK cells of advanced lung cancer patients were lower than the healthy individuals (P < 0.05); However, the proportion of regulatory T cells of advanced lung cancer patients (4.00 +/- 1.84)% was lower than the healthy individuals (1.27 +/- 0.78)% (P < 0.05). The positive rates of IFN-gamma perforin, granzyme in CD8+T cells decreased while them in IL-4 did not in the advanced lung cancer patients compared to the healthy control group (P < 0.05). The proliferation activity of immune cells, the positive rate of PPD masculine and the inhibition ratio to tumor cells in the advanced lung cancer patients was lower than the healthy subsets obviously (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThere was a significant immune depression in the advanced lung cancer patients compared to the healthy individuals.

Adult ; Aged ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Granzymes ; metabolism ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; metabolism ; Interleukin-4 ; metabolism ; Lung Neoplasms ; immunology ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Perforin ; metabolism