Objective: To quantitatively assess the health risk of preservatives from beverages around primary schools in Anshun City, and to provide scientific basis for precise food safety supervision. Methods: From December 2023 to July 2024, 602 beverage samples were randomly collected from within 100 meters of 19 primary schools in Anshun City. The content of benzoic acid, sorbic acid, and dehydroacetic acid was detected according to GB 5009 series standards. Combined with children s physiological parameters (body weight 30 kg, daily intake 0.15 L), the Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI) models were used to evaluate health risks. Results: The total detection rate of preservatives from beverages around primary schools was 63.0%, and the total over limit rate was 9.0%. The detection rate of preservatives in flavored beverages was the highest (72.6%), and the highest over limit rate of preservatives in special purpose beverages was the highest (17.2%). The single preservative HQ (benzoic acid up to 0.47 ) and mixed HI (up to 0.55) of all samples were below 1(safety threshold). However, the HQ value of benzoic acid in flavored beverages (0.47) was 2.9 times that of sorbic acid (0.16), contributing significantly to health risk. Sensitivity analysis showed that if the daily consumption increased to 0.3 L, the HI value of flavored beverages would rise to 1.11, exceeding the safety threshold. Enterprise scale analysis showed that the exceedance rate of special purpose beverages in large enterprises reached 30.0%, while micro enterprises, accounting for a dominant market share (52.2%), constituted the main source of children s daily exposure to their products. Conclusions The overall health risk of perservatives in beverages sold near primary schools in Anshun City is controllable, but there is a noticeable risk of gradient. The risk of children’s exposure to preservatives through beverage consumption should not be ignored.

Objective Comprehensive mortality risk analyses and therapeutic assessment in real-world practice are beneficial to guide individual treatment in patients with Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections(CRKP-BSI).Methods Retrospective analysis of the clinical characteristics of 81 CRKP-BSI patients in our intensive care unit from July 2016 to June 2020,to indentify the risk factors of death and treatment effects of different antibiotic regimens.Results In 81 CRKP-BSI cases,the majority source were from abdominal and respiratory,accounting for 56.79%(46 cases)and 22.22%(18 cases),respectively.The 28-day mortality and hospitalization mortality of CRKP-BSI were 54.32%(44 cases)and 65.43%(53 cases).Multivariate regression analysis suggested that biliary tract disease before admission(P=0.026)and increased SOFA score at the onset of BSI(P=0.006)were independent risk factors for 28-day mortality.There was no statistically significant difference in 28-day mortality between the groups of antibiotic treatment based on tigecycline(44 cases)and polymyxin B(26 cases)[56.82%(25/44)vs.57.69%(15/26),P=0.943].Patients were evaluated based on their age(≤65 years vs.>65 years),gender,body mass index(≤25 kg/m2 vs.>25 kg/m2),and APACHEⅡ score(≤20 vs.>20),the use of renal replacement therapy and mechanical ventilation,there was no difference in the mortality among each subgroup.Conclusions Biliary tract disease before admission and SOFA score were independent risk factors for 28-day mortality.There was no significant difference outcomes between tigecycline-and polymyxin B-based therapy.

Objective To evaluate an effective and feasible quantitative evaluation table of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiation, and to observe the effect of combination of TCM syndrome differentiation and standard bundle therapy in patients with septic shock. Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted. The septic shock patients with acute deficiency syndrome admitted to department of critical care medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 1st, 2016 to December 31st, 2017 were enrolled. The patients were randomly divided into control group and Shenfu group. The patients in both groups received early application of standardized bundle therapy; those in Shenfu group received 60 mL Shenfu injection infusion in addition for 7 days. The TCM syndrome score was evaluated by classification and scoring method of TCM symptoms. The circulation and tissue perfusion, severity of disease, organ function, inflammation response, adjuvant treatment and 28-day mortality were compared between the two groups. Results A total of 50 patients with septic shock were enrolled in the analysis, 25 in control group and 25 in Shenfu group. The markedly effective rate of TCM symptoms score in Shenfu group was significantly higher than that in control group [60.0% (15/25) vs. 16.0% (4/25), P < 0.01]. There was no significant difference in all parameters before treatment between the two groups. After treatment, the observation indexes of both groups were improved. Compared with control group, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) in Shenfu group increased more significantly [mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 13.0 (2.5, 28.5) vs. 6.0 (0, 13.5)], the lactate (Lac) and procalcitonin (PCT) decreased more significantly [Lac (mmol/L): 0.8 (0.1, 3.7) vs. 0.5 (-0.6, 1.7), PCT (μg/L): 2.0 (0.7, 32.3) vs. 0 (-1.8, 3.8)], activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was shortened more significantly [s: 8.5 (0, 12.9) vs. 0 (-7.2, 10.0)], and interleukins (IL-2 receptor and IL-6) levels decreased more significantly [IL-2 receptor (ng/L):1 031.0 (533.0, 1 840.0) vs. 525.5 (186.0, 1 166.8), IL-6 (ng/L): 153.1 (21.4, 406.8) vs. 35.1 (16.3, 110.1)] with significant differences (all P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the use time of vasoactive drugs, duration of mechanical ventilation, severity of the disease or 28-day mortality between the two groups. However, the use time of vasoactive drugs in Shenfu group was shorter than that in control group (days: 5.48±4.81 vs. 8.28±7.83), and the 28-day mortality was decreased [8.0% (2/25) vs. 20.0% (5/25)]. Conclusions TCM syndrome score is helpful to evaluate the effect of TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment, and it is effective and feasible in clinical application. Septic shock patients treated with TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment combined with standard bundle therapy were significantly improved in circulation, tissue perfusion, coagulation function and inflammation reaction.

OBJECTIVE： To explore the mechanism of Lysimachia christinae in the treatment of cholecyst related diseases by network pharmacology. METHODS： The active ingredients of L. christinae were screened through TCMSP database with “Lipinski rule” and “Oral bioavailability ＞30％” rules， and their related targets were predicated correspondingly， then compound-target network were constructed by Cytoscape 3.2.1 software. Disease related targets were predicted by searching TTD database， OMIM database， PharmGKB database， DrugBank database and GAD database with “cholelithiasis” “gallstones” “cholecystitis” and “cholangitis” as keywords. Then， the network of disease-target was constructed and merged with active ingredient target to obtain therapeutic target. After pathway enrichment analysis of therapeutic target were performed by utilizing the DAVID database， molecular docking between target and active ingredient was also conducted in order to screen the main active ingredients of L. christinae. RESULTS： Twenty-seven active ingredients with good oral absorption and drug-like properties were screened from L. christinae. Thirty-three targets were attained after constructing and merging the network. Seven pathways， mainly related to cancer pathway and ABC transporter pathway were achieved. Top 4 active ingredients of L. christinae in the list of docking score were kaempferin， acacia， hesperetin and isorhamnetin， which acted on ABCC3， ABCB1， ABCC2， ABCB4 target. CONCLUSIONS： L. christinae treat cholecyst related diseases through ABC transporter pathway.

Objective To explore the mRNA expressions of NLRP1 (NOD-like receptor 1 ) and NLRP3 inflammasomescomponents and related pro-inflammation cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).Methods A total of 21 septic patients,20 non-infectious SIRS patients and 20 health subjects were enrolled in this study.The mRNA expressions of inflammasomes components and related proinflammation cytokines were measured by using RT-PCR,and serum levels of IL-1β and IL-18 were measured using ELISA.One-way ANOVA was usedd to compare the data of all three groups,and SNK-q was employed to compare thedata among different groups.Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between these biomarkers and the severity of septic patients.Results ①The mRNA expression of NLRP1 in PBMCs of septic patients in early stage and non-infectious SIRS patients was down-regulated in comparison with healthy subjects (P ＜0.01 ).The expression of NLRP3 in septic patients was not differentfrom that in healthy subjects ( P ＞ 0.05 ),but NLRP3 mRNA expression in non-infectious SIRS patients was significantly higher than that in septic patients and in healthy subjects ( P ＜ 0.01 ).ASC ( apoptosis associated speck like protein containing a CARD) and caspase-1 mRNA expressions in septic patients and non-infectious SIRS patients were higher than those in healthy subjects ( P ＜ 0.01 ).There was no difference in level of IL-1β found among all groups.IL-18 mRNA expression in septic patients and non-infectious SIRS patients was higher than that in healthy subjects ( P ＜ 0.01 ),and that in non-infectious SIRS patients was highest.②)Serum protein level of IL-1β in septic patients was lower than that in healthy subjects (P ＜0.05 ),and serum level of IL-18 in septic patients was significantly higher than that in non-infectious SIRS patients and in healthy subjects ( P ＜ 0.01 ).③NLRP1 was negatively related to SOFA ( sepsis-related organ failure assessment) score (r =-0.44,P ＜ 0.05 ) and negatively related to APACHE Ⅱ score as well ( r =- 0.52,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions NLRP1 mRNA expression was down regulated in patients with early sepsis and its expression was negatively correlated to the severity of septic patients,indicating the lower NLRP1 mRNA expression the severer illness.

Objective To explore the CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + regulatory T cell percentage and plasma levels of soluble CD25 molecules in peripheral blood of septic patients and their clinical value through prospective study. Method A total of 37 septic patients and 15 non-infectious SIRS patients, who conformed to the criteria of SIRS and sepsis which proposed by American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference ( ACCP/SCCM ) in 1997, were collected in ICU of Ruijin Hospital ( Shanghai Jiaotong University) from February 2009 to February 2010. Twenty-four health people were from Medical Center of Ruijin Hospital, who were excluded infection and (or) autoimmune diseases. There were 26 male and 11 female in sepsis group, average age ( 61.67 ± 11.87 ) years old; 8 male and 7 female in SIRS group, average age (67.06 ± 12.57)years old; 14 male and 10 female in health control, average age (56.54 ± 6.37 )years old. All selected patrents were excluded the autoimmune diseases and (or) patients within recent (30 days) had used or now used immunosuppressive agents. We therefore measured the Treg cell percentage in peripheral blood by Flow Cytometry and the plasma levels of IL-2sRa, IL-4, IFN-γ by ELISA. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance or nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis H test. Results ① The percentage of CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + regulatory T cells among septic patients, SIRS patients, and control group was: ( 66.82 ± 21.79 ) %, ( 51.79 ± 21.79 ) %, ( 56.45 ± 10. 68 ) %, respectively. septic patients showed the highest percentages of CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + regulatory T cell among CD4 + CD25 + T cells(P ＜ 0.05 ). ② The plasma levels of soluble CD25 in septic patients (425. 619 ± 270.12 ) were significantly higher than SIRS patients (381. 664 ± 189.83) and the control group ( 164. 1 32 ± 56.37 ) ( P ＜ 0.05 ). ③ The correlation analysis between the concentration of soluble CD25 molecules in plasma and the ratio of CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + regulatory T cells to CD4 + CD25 + T cells showed Spearman correlation coefficient =0.390, P = 0.003 ( P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion: the expression of natural regulatory T cells characteristically increased in septic patients. And the levels of soluble CD25 in peripheral blood were related to the percentages of natural regulatory T cells, which simplified the assessment of the immune status in Septic patients.

A total of 156 elderly patients (aged ≥ 70 years) with symptomatic bladder outlet obstruction as a result of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) underwent trmsurethral photoselective vaporization (PVP). Pre- or post-operative urine flow rate, residual urine volume level, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and quality of life (QOL) score were recorded. Our data showed that maximum urine flow rate and residual urine volume were improved at 1, 12, 24, and 36 months following the treatment. There was statistically significant difference in IPSS and QOL when the intervention was considered (P < 0. 05). PVP might be a treatment of choice for high-risk elderly patients with obstructive BPH.