Lung cancer is the top cause of cancer deaths globally.Advances in immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)have transformed cancer treatment,but their use in lung cancer has led to more side effects.This study examined if past pulmonary tuberculosis(TB)affects ICIs'effectiveness and safety in lung cancer treatment.We reviewed lung cancer patients treated with ICIs at Beijing Chest Hospital from January 2019 to August 2022.We compared outcomes and side effects between patients with and without prior TB.Of 116 patients(40 with TB history,76 without),prior TB didn't reduce treatment effectiveness but did increase severe side effects.Notably,older patients(≥65 years)faced a higher risk of severe side effects.Detailed cases of two patients with severe side effects underscored TB as a risk factor in lung cancer patients receiving ICIs,stressing the need for careful monitoring and personalized care.

Mediastinal lymph node metastasis is a common metastasis pathway of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and its occurrence is closely related to lymphatic drainage pattern. NSCLC in different pulmonary lobes requires different lymphatic drainage patterns, which poses a challenge for the formulation of individualized treatment strategies. Accurate staging is the prerequisite for precision treatment of NSCLC. Computed tomography (CT) examination is an important tool for evaluating mediastinal lymph node metastasis, which is crucial for making treatment plan and evaluating patient prognosis. However, it is difficult to diagnose metastatic lymph nodes with insignificant imaging features, especially metastatic lymph nodes in zone 4 and zone 7, which are hot spots for mediastinal lymph node metastasis. However, clinical guidelines do not make clear provisions on lymph node dissection in zone 4, which makes preoperative clinical staging and prognosis evaluation of patients with NSCLC particularly important. By integrating and analyzing a large amount of data in CT images, the emerging CT radiomics technology captures subtle features that may be overlooked in conventional CT scans, showing great application prospects in improving the accuracy of non-invasive diagnosis of lymph node metastasis. This review aims to explore the mediastinal drainage pattern and the role of CT in evaluating mediastinal lymph node metastasis, in order to provide valuable imaging evidence for accurately judging mediastinal lymph node metastasis of NSCLC, formulating appropriate lymph node dissection scope, optimizing treatment strategy, and improving patient prognosis.

Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics of adenovirus pneumonia in children with atopic constitution.Methods:Children diagnosed with adenovirus pneumonia with atopic constitution at Shenzhen Children's Hospital from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2022 were selected as the study subjects (atopic constitution group), and their clinical data, such as basic information, clinical manifestations (including symptoms, signs, etc.), laboratory indexes, co-infected pathogens, main treatment measures, complications, and incidence of severe pneumonia were retrospectively analyzed, and compared with children hospitalized with adenovirus pneumonia in non-atopic constitution during the same period (non-atopic constitution group).Results:A total of 190 children with atopic somatic adenovirus pneumonia were included, including 129 (67.90%) males and 61 (32.10%) females,whose median age was 31(15,48) months, and hospitalization time was 6.00 (4.00, 8.25) days. The differences in shortness of breath(37.9% vs. 28.0%), wheezing(58.9% vs. 27.2%), rales(23.7% vs. 9.5%), pleural effusion(12.1% vs. 20.5%), anemia(22.6% vs. 31.1%), co-infections(72.1% vs. 62.9%), ultrasensitive C-reactive protein[11.99(3.55,27.67) mg/L vs. 16.50(6.44,35.46) mg/L], albumin[39.30(36.95,42.05) g/L vs. 38.10(35.00,40.20)g/L] and percentage of oxygen therapy(36.8% vs. 28.6%) were statistically significant between the children in atopic group and non-atopic group (all P<0.05).Multifactorial Logistic regression analysis revealed that fever duration >7.5 days, manifestation of shortness of breath and fine wet rales, platelet count >390×10 9/L and aspartate aminotransferase>33.50 IU/L were independent risk factors for the development of severe pneumonia in children with atopic somatic adenovirus pneumonia( P<0.05). Conclusion:Children with atopic adenovirus pneumonia have a higher incidence of shortness of breath, wheezing, and rales during hospitalization than the non-atopic group, are more susceptible to co-infections, and have a higher rate of needing oxygen therapy; prolonged duration of fever, shortness of breath, and fine wet rales, as well as high values of platelets and aspartate aminotransferase, can be used as a predictive indicator of severe adenovirus pneumonia in children with atopic constitution.

Objective:To explore the feasibility of preparing an iodine-coated titanium plate with potassium iodide and verify its antibacterial performance.Methods:Iodine was coated onto the surface of a titanium plate in electrolyte of potassium iodide using the electrophoretic deposition method. The signs and composition of the surface of the iodine-coated titanium plate were observed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The experiment was conducted in a control group and 3 antibacterial test groups. The control group consisted of 10 titanium plates which had been pretreated but not loaded with iodine; the 3 experimental groups also had in each 10 titanium plates which had been pretreated and loaded with iodine in the electrolytes of concentrations of 1,000 mg/L, 2,000 mg/L and 4,000 mg/L, respectively. The antimicrobial tests in vitro were conducted with standard strains of staphylococcus aureus [1×10 6 Colony-Forming Units (CFU)/mL ATCC25923] to determine the antibacterial property of the plates. Results:The iodine-coated titanium plates appeared grey and their surface was evenly covered with a flat coating with no collapse. The scanning electron microscopy observed on the surface of the iodine-coated titanium plates an iodine coating with scattered irregular collapses in different sizes. The iodine content was 0 mass%, 5.10 mass%, 10.32 mass% and 15.05 mass%, respectively, in the control, 1,000 mg/L, 2,000 mg/L and 4 000 mg/L groups under the energy dispersive spectroscopy. Their counts of in vitro antibacterial colony were 56.00±5.09, 21.40±2.76, 9.10±2.51, and 2.00±1.88, respectively, showing significant differences between groups ( P< 0.05). Conclusions:A titanium plate with a steady and even iodine coating can be prepared by virtue of the electrophoretic deposition method in electrolyte of potassium iodide. The antibacterial property of an iodine-coated titanium plate is superior to that of a titanium plate without iodine coating.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of autologous HSCT (auto-HSCT) with matched sibling donor (MSD) HSCT in Ph + ALL and provide a basis for the choice of transplantation method. Methods:We retrospectively investigated the outcomes of 78 adult patients with Ph + ALL who underwent auto-HSCT ( n=31) and MSD-HSCT ( n=47) in Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS & PUMC, from January 2008 to December 2017. The overall survival (OS) rate, leukemia-free survival (LFS) rate, cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) rate, nonrelapse mortality (NRM) rate, and the impact of achievement of complete molecular response (CMR) within 3 months and sustaining CMR up to transplantation (s3CMR) on transplantation method were explored. Results:The median time of neutrophil and platelet reconstitution in auto-HSCT and MSD-HSCT groups were 12 (10-29) days vs14 (11-24) days ( P=0.006) and 17.5 (10-62) days vs 7 (10-33) days ( P=0.794) , respectively. In the MSD-HSCT group, the incidence of Ⅱ-Ⅳ and Ⅲ-Ⅳ acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was 27.7% (13/47) and 8.5% (4/47) , respectively. The incidence of limited and extensive chronic GVHD was 17.0% (8/47) and 12.8% (6/47) , respectively. The estimated CIR, NRM, LFS, and OS at 3 years were not significantly different between auto-HSCT and MSD-HSCT groups ( P>0.05) . For 44 patients who achieved s3CMR, 3-year OS[ (84.0±8.6) % vs (78.0±8.7) %, P=0.612], LFS[ (70.3±10.3) % vs (68.2±10.1) %, P=0.970], CIR[ (24.9±10.0) % vs (14.4±8.0) %, P=0.286], and NRM[ (4.7±4.7) % vs (17.4±8.1) %, P=0.209] of the auto-HSCT and MSD-HSCT groups were not significantly different. However, for 34 patients who did not reach s3CMR, 3-year cumulative relapse rate of patients in the auto-HSCT group was significantly higher than MSD-HSCT group[ (80.0±14.7) % vs (39.6±10.9) %, P=0.057]. Conclusions:auto-HSCT with maintenance therapy after HSCT appears to be an attractive treatment option for patients with Ph + ALL especially for those with s3CMR maintained up to transplantation. For non-s3CMR patients, allogeneic transplantation may be more effective from lower relapse.

Objective To investigate the effect of ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block on cognitive function after laparoscopic colorectal surgery.Methods Seventy-six patients, there is no restriction on gender, aged 50-75 years, falling into ASA physical statusⅡorⅢ, who provided informed consent for their participation in this study and underwent colorectal surgery under general anesthesia were divided into two groups (groups Q and C).Induction of anesthesia was induced by intravenous midazolam 0.03 mg/kg, sufentanil 0.5μg/kg, etomidate 0.3 mg/kg and rocuronium 1 mg/kg in the two groups.Remifentanil 0.2-0.3μg·kg-1·min-1 and propofol 0.10-0.15 mg·kg-1·min-1 were maintained intravenously during anesthesia.0.375％ropivacaine 20 ml was injected between the psoas quadratus muscle and psoas major muscle under ultrasound guidance before extubation in group Q, only equal volume saline was given in group C.Neuropsychological tests were performed preoperatively as well as postoperative day 7.The postoperative pain was evaluated by VAS after surgery.The postoperative sleep quality was measured using a BIS-vista monitor.The changes of serum IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-αand CGRP levels were detected by ELISA at immediately after operation (T0), 1 hour (T1), 2 days (T2), 4 days (T3) and 7 days (T4) after operation.Results Seventy-six patients finished cognitive function tests (38 cases in group Q and 38 cases in group C), 12 cases (31.6％) were diagnosed as POCD in group C, 4 cases (10.5％) in group Q.Compared with group C, the incidence of POCD, VAS scores at 24 and 48 hours after operation in group Q were significantly lower (P<0.05), the sleeping time at night was longer, the serum levels of IL-6, IL-1βand TNF-αwere significantly lower at T2 and T3, and the serum levels of CGRP were significantly higher at T2-T4 (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion QLB treatment repaired the surgery induced early cognitive dysfunction by inhibiting the postoperative pain, excessive inflammatory response and improving the quality of sleep.

Objective To study the gastrointestinal absorption process of three letrozole polymorphs in rats, and evaluate the different pharmacokinetics parameters of different polymorphs. Methods A total of 18 SD rats were given the different letrozole polymorphs. Then the high-performance liquid chromatographic method was used for the determination of plasma concentration of letrozole in these SD rats.Finally the pharmacokinetic parameters among the different polymorphs were calculated. Results Cmax of letrozole crystal form I, crystal form II and crystal form III were (9.247± 4.612) ,(23.387± 9.049) and (15.682±1.589) mg·L-1, respectively, and AUC0→t were(198.115±47.014) ,(476.641±125.467) and (271.817±41.068) mg·L-1·h,respectively. Conclusion The different crystal forms of letrozole result in different plasma concentration in SD rats. Crystal form II may be its preponderant polymorphs which deserves further research and development.

Objective To evaluate an effective and feasible quantitative evaluation table of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiation, and to observe the effect of combination of TCM syndrome differentiation and standard bundle therapy in patients with septic shock. Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted. The septic shock patients with acute deficiency syndrome admitted to department of critical care medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 1st, 2016 to December 31st, 2017 were enrolled. The patients were randomly divided into control group and Shenfu group. The patients in both groups received early application of standardized bundle therapy; those in Shenfu group received 60 mL Shenfu injection infusion in addition for 7 days. The TCM syndrome score was evaluated by classification and scoring method of TCM symptoms. The circulation and tissue perfusion, severity of disease, organ function, inflammation response, adjuvant treatment and 28-day mortality were compared between the two groups. Results A total of 50 patients with septic shock were enrolled in the analysis, 25 in control group and 25 in Shenfu group. The markedly effective rate of TCM symptoms score in Shenfu group was significantly higher than that in control group [60.0% (15/25) vs. 16.0% (4/25), P < 0.01]. There was no significant difference in all parameters before treatment between the two groups. After treatment, the observation indexes of both groups were improved. Compared with control group, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) in Shenfu group increased more significantly [mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 13.0 (2.5, 28.5) vs. 6.0 (0, 13.5)], the lactate (Lac) and procalcitonin (PCT) decreased more significantly [Lac (mmol/L): 0.8 (0.1, 3.7) vs. 0.5 (-0.6, 1.7), PCT (μg/L): 2.0 (0.7, 32.3) vs. 0 (-1.8, 3.8)], activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was shortened more significantly [s: 8.5 (0, 12.9) vs. 0 (-7.2, 10.0)], and interleukins (IL-2 receptor and IL-6) levels decreased more significantly [IL-2 receptor (ng/L):1 031.0 (533.0, 1 840.0) vs. 525.5 (186.0, 1 166.8), IL-6 (ng/L): 153.1 (21.4, 406.8) vs. 35.1 (16.3, 110.1)] with significant differences (all P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the use time of vasoactive drugs, duration of mechanical ventilation, severity of the disease or 28-day mortality between the two groups. However, the use time of vasoactive drugs in Shenfu group was shorter than that in control group (days: 5.48±4.81 vs. 8.28±7.83), and the 28-day mortality was decreased [8.0% (2/25) vs. 20.0% (5/25)]. Conclusions TCM syndrome score is helpful to evaluate the effect of TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment, and it is effective and feasible in clinical application. Septic shock patients treated with TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment combined with standard bundle therapy were significantly improved in circulation, tissue perfusion, coagulation function and inflammation reaction.

Objective: To evaluate the outcomes and prognostic factors of myelodysplasia syndrome (MDS) patients who received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) . Methods: 165 cases of MDS who underwent allo-HSCT from Jan. 2010 to Mar. 2018 were analyzed retrospectively, focusing on the overall survival (OS) , disease free survival (DFS) , relapse, non-relapse mortality (NRM) and their related risk factors. Results: Of all the 165 cases, 105 were male and 60 were female. The 3-year OS and DFS rate were 72.5% (95%CI 64.9%-80.1%) and 67.4% (95%CI 59.17%-75.63%) , respectively. The 3-year cumulative incidence of relapse and NRM were 12.11% (95%CI 7.03%-18.65%) and 20.44% (95%CI 14.15%-27.56%) , respectively. HCT-comorbidity index (P=0.042, HR=2.094, 95%CI 1.026-4.274) was identified as independent risk factor for OS by the multivariate analysis. Intensive chemotherapy before HSCT or hypomethylation agents treatment had no effects on OS[ (67.0±7.5) %vs (57.7±10.9) %, χ²=0.025, P=0.874]. Conclusions allo-HSCT is a promising means for MDS, and NRM is the major cause of treatment failure. MDS with refractory anemia with excess blasts and secondary acute myeloid leukemia patients may not benefit from intensive chemotherapy or hypomethylation agents treatment before HSCT.

Objective To investigate the influence of low-dose ketamine and dexmedetomidine on cardiovascular response during. sedative amnesia fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation. Methods Ninety ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients scheduled to recerve general anesthesia were evenly random-ized to dexmedetomidine and ketamine (group DK),dexmedetomidine and propofol (group DP)and dexmedetomidine and remifentanil (group DR).Ten minutes before intubation,the patients in group DK received intravenously dexmedetomidine 1.0 μg/kg plus ketamine 0.5 mg·kg-1 ·h-1 ;those in group DP received intravenously dexmedetomidine 1.0 μg/kg plus propofol 2.0 mg · kg-1 · h-1 ;those in group DR received intravenously dexmedetomidine 1.0 μg/kg plus remifentanil 5.0μg·kg-1 ·h-1 .Nasotracheal intubation was performed with fiberoptic bronchoscopy after dexemeto-midine injection and complete topical anesthesia.HR,MAP,SpO 2 and Ramsay sedation score were re-corded before anesthesia (T0 ,baseline),before intubation (T1 ),immediately intubated (T2 )and five minutes after intubation (T3 ).Side effects such as restlessness,bucking,respiratory depression and cardiovascular event during intubation and awareness of intubation were also recorded.Results All pa-tients in three groups were performed successfully.HR and MAP were significantly decreased in groups DP and DR at T1 (P <0.05),SpO 2 was significantly decreased in group DP at T1 (P <0.05);MAP in group DR were higher than those in group DP,HR in groups DP and DR were significantly increased than those in group DK at T3 (P < 0.05 );Ramsay score were significantly decreased in groups DP and DR at T2 ,significantly lower in group DR at T3 than those in groups DK and DP (P<0.05).The incidences of bradycardia and respriatory depression were significantly higher in group DP than those in group DK,and bucking,restlessness,tachycardia incidence rate in group DR were significantly higher than those in groups DK and DP (P <0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine com-bined with low dose ketamine together with topical anesthesia is an ideal method for sedative amnesia fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation with slighter cardiovascular response and less side effects.