The technology of three-dimensional(3D)printing emerged in the late 1970s and has since undergone considerable development to find numerous applications in mechanical engineering,industrial design,and biomedicine.In biomedical science,several studies have initially found that 3D printing technology can play an important role in the treatment of diseases in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery.For example,3D printing technology has been applied to create detailed anatomical models of disease organs for preoperative personalized surgical strategies,surgical simulation,intraoperative navigation,medical training,and patient education.Moreover,cancer models have been created using 3D printing technology for the research and selection of chemotherapy drugs.With the aim to clarify the development and application of 3D printing technology in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery,we introduce seven common types of 3D printing technology and review the status of research and application of 3D printing technology in the field of hepatopancreatobiliary surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the regulatory mechanism of human hepatocyte apoptosis induced by lysosomal membrane protein Sidt2 knockout. METHODS: The Sidt2 knockout (Sidt2^-/-) cell model was constructed in human hepatocyte HL7702 cells using Crispr-Cas9 technology.The protein levels of Sidt2 and key autophagy proteins LC3-II/I and P62 in the cell model were detected using Western blotting, and the formation of autophagosomes was observed with MDC staining.EdU incorporation assay and flow cytometry were performed to observe the effect of Sidt2 knockout on cell proliferation and apoptosis.The effect of chloroquine at the saturating concentration on autophagic flux, proliferation and apoptosis of Sidt2 knockout cells were observed. RESULTS: Sidt2^-/- HL7702 cells were successfully constructed.Sidt2 knockout significantly inhibited the proliferation and increased apoptosis of the cells, causing also increased protein expressions of LC3-II/I and P62(P < 0.05) and increased number of autophagosomes.Autophagy of the cells reached a saturated state following treatment with 50 μmol/L chloroquine, and at this concentration, chloroquine significantly increased the expressions of LC3B and P62 in Sidt2^-/- HL7702 cells. CONCLUSION Sidt2 gene knockout causes dysregulation of the autophagy pathway and induces apoptosis of HL7702 cells, and the latter effect is not mediated by inhibiting the autophagy-lysosomal pathway.
Humans ; Lysosome-Associated Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism* ; Autophagy ; Apoptosis ; Hepatocytes ; Lysosomes/metabolism* ; Chloroquine/pharmacology* ; Nucleotide Transport Proteins/metabolism*

Objective:To investigate the clinical manifestations, laboratory and imaging features, treatment and prognosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).Methods:This is a retrospective case series study describing the clinical, laboratory and imaging manife-stations, treatment and prognosis of 3 SLE patients with PSC. The related literatures were reviewed.Results:In total, 10 patients were included. SLE with PSC, with an average age of (43±17) years old, was more common with hematological and renal involvement, jaundice and arthralgia, positive anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibody, hypocomplementemia, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and abnormal liver function with predominately elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The classic magnetic resonance cholangio-pancreatography (MRCP) features of PSC include multifocal strictures, beading and areas of dilatation involving the intra- and/or extrahepatic bile ducts. The treatment included glucocorticosteroids, immunosup-pressants and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), and some patients required biliary drainage. Most patients had a good prognosis.Conclusion:Although PSC is rare, attention should be paid to SLE patients with abnormal liver function, especially with elevated ALP, in order to differentiate from PSC.

Objective:To explore the clinical effects of concentrated growth factor (CGF) combined with plasma albumin gel (PAG) in treating facial depressed scar.Methods:From January 2018 to June 2019, 14 patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and 10 patients in Henan NO.3 Provincial People′s Hospital with facial depressed scar who met the inclusion criteria were admitted, and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed by the method of case-control study. Based on the method of treatment, 8 patients (4 males and 4 females) aged 28.50 (25.50, 31.50) years were enrolled in CGF alone group, 8 patients (3 males and 5 females) aged 32.00 (28.50, 35.00) years were enrolled in PAG alone group, and 8 patients (5 males and 3 females) aged 33.50 (29.00, 35.75) years were enrolled in CGF+ PAG group. Suitable amount of CGF, PAG, and CGF+ PAG (mixed at a ratio of 1.0∶1.0-1.0∶1.5) prepared from autologous blood were injected subcutaneously via a single or multiple entrance (s) into the depressed scar of patients in CGF alone, PAG alone, and CGF+ PAG groups respectively to fill up the concavity, once every 4 weeks for a total of 3 times. Before the first treatment (hereinafter referred to as before treatment) and 3 months after the last treatment (hereinafter referred to as after treatment), the Goodman & Baron Acne Scar Grading System was used for scar grading, and the difference was calculated; the Anxiety Self-Rating Scale was used to score anxiety, and the difference was calculated. The Visual Analogue Score was used to score pain immediately after the first treatment. By one, two, and three months after treatment, the patients′ satisfaction to scar treatment was scored, and the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale was used to score the scar improvement. Adverse reaction of patients after treatment was monitored. Data were statistically analyzed with Fisher′s exact probability test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Mann-Whitney U test, Bonferroni correction, and Wilcoxon signed rank sum test. Results:(1) The scars of patients in the three groups were all graded 4.00 (4.00, 4.00) before treatment ( χ2<0.001, P>0.05). By three months after treatment, compared with 2.00 (1.25, 2.00) of CGF alone group, the scar grades of patients in PAG alone group and CGF+ PAG group (3.00 (2.00, 3.00) and 1.00 (1.00, 1.00), respectively) had no significant change ( Z=2.199, 2.003, P>0.05). The scar grade of patients in CGF+ PAG group was significantly lower than that in PAG alone group ( Z=3.229, P<0.01). Compared with those before treatment, the scar grades of patients in CGF alone group, PAG alone group, and CGF+ PAG group were significantly reduced three months after treatment ( Z=2.588, 2.598, 2.640, P<0.05 or P<0.01). The difference in scar grade before and after the treatment was significantly higher in CGF+ PAG group than in PAG alone group ( Z=3.229, P<0.01). (2) The anxiety scores of patients in the three groups were similar before treatment and 3 months after ( χ2=2.551, 2.768, P>0.05). Compared with those before treatment, the anxiety scores of patients in CGF alone group, PAG alone group, and CGF+ PAG group were significantly reduced three months after treatment ( Z=2.395, 2.527, 2.533, P<0.05). The differences in anxiety score before and after the treatment were similar among the three groups ( χ2=1.796, P>0.05). (3) The pain scores of patients in the three groups were similar immediately after the first treatment ( χ2=0.400, P>0.05). (4) By one and two month (s) after treatment, the patients′ satisfaction scores to scar treatment in the three groups were similar ( χ2=2.688, 5.989, P>0.05). By three months after treatment, the patients′ satisfaction score to scar treatment in CGF+ PAG group was significantly higher than that in PAG alone group ( Z=2.922, P<0.01). Compared with those one month after treatment within the same group, the patients′ satisfaction scores to scar treatment in CGF alone group, PAG alone group, and CGF+ PAG group were significantly increased two and three months after treatment ( Z=1.121, 2.392, 2.000, 2.828, 2.449, 2.598, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with those two months after treatment within the same group, the patients′ satisfaction scores to scar treatment in CGF alone group, PAG alone group, and CGF+ PAG group were significantly increased three months after treatment ( Z=2.271, 2.000, 2.646, P<0.05 or P<0.01). (5) One month after treatment, the scar improvement scores of patients in the three groups were similar ( χ2=4.438, P>0.05). Two months after treatment, the scar improvement scores of patients in CGF alone group and CGF+ PAG group were 2.00 (2.00, 2.75) and 2.00 (2.00, 2.00) points, respectively, which were significantly higher than 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) point of PAG alone group ( Z=3.303, 3.771, P<0.01). Three months after treatment, the scar improvement score of patients in CGF+ PAG group was 3.00 (3.00, 3.00) points, which was significantly higher than 2.00 (2.00, 2.75) points of CGF alone group and 1.00 (1.00, 2.00) points of PAG alone group ( Z=2.450, 3.427, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with those one month after treatment within the same group, the scar improvement scores of patients were significantly higher in CGF alone group and CGF+ PAG group two and three months after treatment and in PAG alone group three months after treatment ( Z=2.828, 2.828, 2.530, 2.640, 2.121, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with that two months after treatment within the same group, the scar improvement score of patients in CGF+ PAG group was significantly higher three months after treatment ( Z=2.449, P<0.05). (6) After injection, all patients in the three groups had slight redness and swelling at the needle prick point and no other adverse reactions. Conclusions:CGF combined with PAG can reduce the scar grading, anxiety of patients, and enhance patients′ satisfaction and scar improvement in the treatment of patients with facial depressed scar. The combined CGF+ PAG injection, without significant adverse reactions, is better than single component injection and is worthy of clinical application.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effects of superior gluteal artery perforator " buddy flap" in repairing pressure ulcer in sacrococcygeal region.Methods:From January 2017 to December 2018, 13 patients (8 males and 5 females) aged 24-79 years with stage 4 pressure ulcers in sacrococcygeal region were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, with wound area from 5 cm×4 cm to 12 cm×10 cm. After thorough debridement and vacuum sealing drainage, the superior gluteal artery perforator " buddy flap" was designed to repair the pressure ulcer in sacrococcygeal region. The pressure ulcer was repaired by the main flap with area from 7.0 cm×5.0 cm to 18.0 cm×12.0 cm; the main flap′s donor area was covered by the auxiliary flap with area from 5.0 cm×3.0 cm to 11.0 cm×7.0 cm; the auxiliary flap′s donor area was covered by the connecting flap between the main flap and the auxiliary flap. The remaining wound without covering was directly closed by suturing. The postoperative flap survival and complications were observed. The appearance and function of flaps and the recurrence of pressure ulcer were followed up.Results:The flaps of 12 patients survived after operation without complications of infection, fat liquefaction, or poor flap survival. A small area of superficial necrotic skin at the distal end of flap was observed in one case, which was healed after dressing change. All the patients were followed up for 6 months without recurrence of pressure ulcer, and the operation area was naturally full in appearance, which was pressure and wear resistant.Conclusions:Superior gluteal artery perforator " buddy flap" is an effective method for the treatment of pressure ulcer in sacrococcygeal region. The effect of tension-free repair of the pressure ulcer and main flap donor area can be achieved in one operation. The operation is simple, the curative effect is accurate, and it has certain clinical value.

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) alone and in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) for treating keloids using meta-analysis.Methods:Databases including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were retrieved with the search terms of " triamcinolone acetonide, 5-fluorouracil, glucocorticoid, fluorouracil, keloid, scar, TAC, 5-FU, hypertrophic scar " and databases including Chinese Journal Full- Text Database, Chinese Biomedical Database, and Wanfang Data were retrieved with the search terms of "曲安奈德,瘢痕疙瘩, 5-氟尿嘧啶,糖皮质激素,增生性瘢痕" in Chinese to obtain the publicly published randomized controlled trials about the effects of TA alone and in combination with 5-fluorouracil for treating keloids from the establishment of each database to august 2019. The outcome indexes included effective proportion of treatment, incidence proportion of adverse reactions, and recurrence proportion of keloids. RevMan 5.3 and Stata 14.0 statistical software were used to conduct a meta-analysis of eligible studies. Results:A total of 1 326 patients with keloids were included in 14 studies, including 668 patients in TA+ 5-fluorouracil group whose keloids were injected with TA and 5-fluorouracil and 658 patients in TA alone group whose keloids were injected with TA alone. A total of 7 articles achieved 1 to 3 points in modified Jadad score, while 7 articles achieved 4 to 7 points in modified Jadad score. Patients in TA+ 5-fluorouracil group had a higher effective proportion of treatment than that of TA alone group (relative risk=1.28, 95% confidence interval=1.16-1.41, P<0.01). Subgroup analysis showed that the quality of the included literature and ethnic factors might be the source of heterogeneity in effective proportion of treatment. Patients in TA+ 5-fluorouracil group had a lower incidence proportion of adverse reactions than that of TA alone group (relative risk=0.44, 95% confidence interval=0.25-0.75, P<0.01). Patients in TA+ 5-fluorouracil group had a lower recurrence proportion of keloids than that of TA alone group (relative risk=0.25, 95% confidence interval=0.14-0.44, P<0.01). There was no publication bias in incidence proportion of adverse reactions ( P>0.05), while the effective proportion of treatment and recurrence proportion of keloids had publication bias ( P<0.05). Conclusions:TA combined with 5-fluorouracil is more effective than TA alone for treating keloids, with less incidence of adverse reactions and recurrence.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of preoperative intra-aortic balloon pump(IABP) insertion in acute myocardial infarction(AMI) without cardiogenic shock(CS) patients receiving off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting ( OPCABG).Methods 444 consecutive AMI patients who underwent isolated OPCABG from January 2009 to December 2016 were enrolled.158 patients who underwent preoperative IABP placement(IABP group) and the other of 286 patients who did not have IABP placement(control group).The in-hospital mortality rate, postoperative complications, mechanical ventilation time, ICU stay and hospital length were compared between the two groups.Results The overall mortality was 5.0%.135 pairs of patients were matched.The preoperative IABP insertion showed benefits in postoperative survival rate compared with the control group(0 vs.5.9%, P＝0.004).However, patients with preoperative IABP were more likely to prolong duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay.The postoperative length of stay in hospital didn't show significant difference between the two groups.Conclusion Survival advantage was observed from preoperative IABP insertion in AMI patients without CS under-going OPCABG.

Objective: To analyze the trend of lung cancer incidence rate among rural residents in Feicheng city between the years 2000 and 2012,and predict the incidence rate between the years 2013 and 2018,and subsequently provide baseline data for lung can-cer control and prevention.Methods:With the cancer registration data in Feicheng rural areas,the time trend of lung cancer inci-dence rate and the annual percentage change(APC)were calculated by the Joinpoint model,while the incidence of lung cancer from 2013 to 2018 were predicted by the ARIMA(p,d,q)model.Results:A total of 3,908 new cases of lung cancer were diagnosed be-tween 2000 to 2012.The incidence rate was 40.77/105,the age-specific cancer incidence rate in the Chinese population(ASRC)and world population(ASRW)were 32.95/105 and 32.97/105,respectively.The incidence was 2.14 times higher among males than females (P<0.001).The incidence of lung cancer which apparently rose from 25.13/105to 64.92/105 with an APC value of 9.74%(P<0.001),was increasing every year.The change in the trend of lung cancer with respect to age could be divided into three segments,the incidence rate in the 0 to 59 years group showed a rapid upward trend(APC=113.38,P<0.001),which was lower in the 60 to 79 years group (APC=20.39,P<0.05)and began to decline in the 80 years or older group(APC=-21.20,P>0.05).The incidence of lung cancer was also observed to be increasing yearly from 2013 to 2018,and with an average annual growth rate of 4.92%,was predicted to reach 87.92/105 in 2018.Conclusions:The occurrence of lung cancer was closely related to population aging,unhealthy habits,and environmental risk factors.Due to the increasing aging population,the incidence of lung cancer will continue to increase.In order to formulate specif-ic strategies,the control and prevention of lung cancer must be based on its incidence features.

Objective: To determine the clinical significance of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) isolated from respiratory specimens. Methods: Clinical data of patients with NTM strains isolated from the respiratory tract between January 2014 and February 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical significance of NTM isolated strains was evaluated based on diagnostic criteria of NTM pulmonary diseases from American Thoracic Society (ATS). Quantitative data of two groups were analyzed by independent t test. Categorical data were analyzed by Pearson χ² test or Fisher exact test. Results: Totally 352 NTM strains from 257 patients had been isolated between January 2014 and February 2017. Among 15 identified NTM species, M. intracellular (51.7%, 182/352), M. abscessus (25.6%, 90/352), and M. avium (10.8%, 38/352) were predominant. Of the 157 patients with full clinical data involved in the analysis, 58 (36.9%) patients were determined to have definite disease, and 34 patients (21.7%) were designated as probable disease candidates, and 16 (10.2%) patients were regarded as uncertain disease, and 49(31.2%) patients were diagnosed as unlikely disease. The age of 58 patients with definite disease was (63.9±12.7) years, and 48.3% (28/58) were female. M. intracellulare (55.2%, 32/58) was the main cause of pulmonary NTM disease, followed by M. abscessus (25.9%, 15/58) and M. avium (12.1%, 7/58), while other NTM species only accounted for 6.8% (4/58). Definite cases with M. intracellulare, M. abscessus, M. avium, M. kansasii, M. marseillense, and M. columbia accounted for 35.2% (32/91), 57.7% (15/26), 7/15, 2/3, 1/3 and 1/2, respectively, among patients with corresponding isolations, while patients with other species of isolation did not meet the diagnostic criteria. Patients with clinical significant isolation of NTM were older than those without clinical significance (χ²=3.603, P=0.000), and proportion of anti-acid staining positivity of patients with clinical significance was higher than that of patients without clinical significance (χ²=18.815, P=0.000). The proportion of M. abscessus in patients with clinical significance was higher than that in patients without clinical significance (χ²=6.313, P=0.012). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the isolation of M. Gordon (Fisher exact test, P=0.028). The proportion of M. abscessus lung disease in women was 11/15, which was higher than that of M. intracellulare lung disease (41.5%, 17/41), and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ²=4.462, P=0.035). There was no significant difference of clinical symptoms and underlying diseases in NTM lung disease among different groups (all P>0.05). In these patients with definite disease, 39.7% (23/58) of them manifested the upper lobe cavitary form, 53.4% (31/58) exhibited nodular bronchiectatic form, and only 6.9% (4/58) exhibited unclassified form. The upper lobe cavitary form (43.8%, 14/32) and the nodular bronchiectatic form (53.1%, 17/32) dominated in patients with M. intracellulare lung disease. M. abscessus lung disease was dominated by the nodular bronchiectatic form (11/15) while the upper lobe cavitary form only accounts for 3/15. There was no significant difference of image characteristics between NTM lung disease and other different groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions 36.9% of the patients with NTM isolates met the ATS diagnostic criteria for NTM lung disease. Different species have different clinical significance. M. intracellulare and M. abscessus are the most predominant NTM isolated species that cause NTM lung disease. Majority of patients manifest as the upper lobe cavitary form, followed by the nodular bronchiectatic form.

OBJECTIVETo compare the outcomes of adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who underwent autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).

METHODSFrom Jan 2007 to Dec 2010, 106 adult ALL patients were retrospectively divided into two groups, 50 in auto-HSCT group and 56 in allo-HSCT group. Auto-HSCT group included 21 patients with high-risk, 46 patients in CR1 and 4 cases in CR2. All the 50 patients had negative minimal residual disease (MRD) prior to HSCT. Allo-HSCT group included 44 patients with high risk, 51 patients in CR1 and 5 cases in CR2, 15 patients with positive MRD before allo-HSCT. response, regulatory T cells (Treg), cytokines levels and treatment-related adverse effects were observed.

RESULTSOf the total 106 patients, 29 patients relapsed at a medium follow-up of 22.9(0.8-63.3) months. The 3-year cumulative relapse rate (RR) was (29.9±8.0) % in auto-HSCT group and (32.7±6.8) % in allo-HSCT group. There were no significant differences in RR and overall survival (OS) between auto-HSCT and allo-HSCT groups, even of stratified risk groups. In standard risk group, 3-year OS was (77.1±13.2) % in auto-HSCT group and (90.9±8.7) % in allo-HSCT group (P=0.739). In high-risk group, 3-year OS was (68.7±10.8) % after auto-HSCT and (45.2±8.5) % after allo-HSCT (P=0.094).

CONCLUSIONDue to acceptable RR and OS, adult ALL patients with no MRD before HSCT showed favorable survival. Auto-HSCT may be a considerable choice for adult ALL patients with negative MRD when lacking of donors for allo-HSCT.