Objective To analyze the effect of adapted physical activity(APA)on physical function,motor skills,mental health and social participation in children with intellectual and developmental disabilities(IDD). Methods Literature on the effect of APA on function and activity of children with IDD were searched in PubMed,Google Scholar,Cochrane Library and PsycINFO databases,from January,2014 to May,2024.The methodologi-cal quality was evaluated with Physiotherapy Evidence Database(PEDro)scale,and a systematic review was conducted. Results A total of nine English articles were included,and the PEDro scale scored five to eight,with medium to high quality.Included literature was from seven countries,including China,Ukraine,Iran,the United States,Australia,Brazil and Turkey,involving 327 children with IDD.The articles were mainly from journals in the fields of intel-lectual disability research,health,sports and rehabilitation,and adapted physical education.They were publicated mainly between 2018 and 2022.The subjects were seven to 18 years old,covering a variety of IDD types,includ-ing intellectual disability,autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.APA intervention involved a single approach and comprehensive approaches,the comprehensive approaches included various types of APA,sports behavior management and assistive technology application,etc.,and the activity was designed by adapted physi-cal education teachers or coaches based on the interests and physical activity needs of children with IDD.Specif-ic intervention methods included adaptive ball games(football,gymnastics,basketball,tennis and table tennis,etc.),adaptive strength training(standing weightlifting and chest passing,etc.),executive function training(play-ing whack-a-mole,frisbee,hitting and throwing,etc.)and adaptive skiing,walking,balance exercises,etc.,with an intervention frequency of two to three times a week,30 to 70 minutes a time,low intensity to strenuous,last-ing eight to 36 weeks.The functional and health benefits of different types of APA on children with IDD were re-flected in four aspects.In terms of physical function,it could improve cardiopulmonary endurance(maximum ox-ygen uptake and heart rate recovery,etc.),enhance muscle strength and endurance(grip strength,push-ups and sit-ups,etc.),improve flexibility(rapid,accurate and coordinated movement changes,etc.)and flexibility(sitting body forward bending and shoulder joint range of motion,etc.),and improve balance and movement coordination(static/dynamic balance test and movement coordination assessment,etc.)and body composition(body mass in-dex,body fat percentage and waist-to-hip ratio,etc.).In terms of motor skills and abilities,it could develop basic motor skills(walking,running,jumping,throwing and catching,etc.)and complex motor skills(ball games,gym-nastics and dance,etc.),and improve athletic ability test scores.In terms of mental health,it helped to reduce anx-iety and depression,improved self-esteem,and improved executive function.In terms of social participation,APA improved the physical activity participation,the frequency and quality of social interaction and quality of life. Conclusion This study systematically reviewed the evidence for the effect of APA on the function,activity and participa-tion of children with IDD.Diversified APA and adaptive physical education programs designed according to chil-dren's functional and developmental levels have significantly improved the physical function,motor skills,men-tal health and social participation of children with IDD,and promoted their overall development.

Background::Bladder cancer, characterized by a high potential of tumor recurrence, has high lifelong monitoring and treatment costs. To date, tumor cells with intrinsic softness have been identified to function as cancer stem cells in several cancer types. Nonetheless, the existence of soft tumor cells in bladder tumors remains elusive. Thus, our study aimed to develop a microbarrier microfluidic chip to efficiently isolate deformable tumor cells from distinct types of bladder cancer cells.Methods::The stiffness of bladder cancer cells was determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The modified microfluidic chip was utilized to separate soft cells, and the 3D Matrigel culture system was to maintain the softness of tumor cells. Expression patterns of integrin β8 (ITGB8), protein kinase B (AKT), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) were determined by Western blotting. Double immunostaining was conducted to examine the interaction between F-actin and tripartite motif containing 59 (TRIM59). The stem-cell-like characteristics of soft cells were explored by colony formation assay and in vivo studies upon xenografted tumor models. Results::Using our newly designed microfluidic approach, we identified a small fraction of soft tumor cells in bladder cancer cells. More importantly, the existence of soft tumor cells was confirmed in clinical human bladder cancer specimens, in which the number of soft tumor cells was associated with tumor relapse. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the biomechanical stimuli arising from 3D Matrigel activated the F-actin/ITGB8/TRIM59/AKT/mTOR/glycolysis pathways to enhance the softness and tumorigenic capacity of tumor cells. Simultaneously, we detected a remarkable up-regulation in ITGB8, TRIM59, and phospho-AKT in clinical bladder recurrent tumors compared with their non-recurrent counterparts.Conclusions::The ITGB8/TRIM59/AKT/mTOR/glycolysis axis plays a crucial role in modulating tumor softness and stemness. Meanwhile, the soft tumor cells become more sensitive to chemotherapy after stiffening, that offers new insights for hampering tumor progression and recurrence.

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of neuroendoscopic resection in recurrent or residual sellar and clivus tumors and the prevention and treatment of operative complications.Methods:A retrospective study was performed. Clinical data of 49 patients with residual or recurrent sellar and clivus tumors after neuroendoscopic resection in Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from November 2021 to October 2023 were collected; 45 patients were with pituitary adenoma, 3 were with craniopharyngioma, and 1 patient was with clivus chordoma; their surgical efficacy and complications were summarized and analyzed.Results:Total resection was achieved in 29 patients (59.2%), subtotal resection in 12 (24.5%), and partial resection in 8 (16.3%). Two patients (4.1%) had intraoperative internal carotid artery rupture and were given emergency laminar stenting, discharging with good recovery, but one of them left with unilateral motor nerve palsy. During 1-24 months of follow-up, 97.2% patients (35/36) had headache relief and visual acuity improvement, and no patient had permanent diabetes insipidus or cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. Residual tumors increased in 3 patients (6.1%); no tumor recurrence after total resection was noted.Conclusion:Endoscopic resection of recurrent or residual sellar and clivus tumors is safe and effective; attention should be paid to the internal carotid artery during the operation.

Objective:To investigate the popularization of non-iodized salt among residents in water-borne high iodine areas and the iodine nutrition status of key populations in Shandong Province.Methods:In 2021, monitoring was conducted on a county-by-county basis in 47 counties (cities, districts, hereinafter referred to as counties) in 9 cities of Shandong Province, in accordance with the newly designated high iodine areas in the "Definition of Water Source High Iodine Areas and High Iodine Disease Areas" (GB/T 19380-2016) and historical high iodine areas. In each monitoring county, administrative villages with a median water iodine level greater than 100 μg/L were sorted by water iodine value, and a systematic sampling method was used to select 5 administrative villages as monitoring sites to investigate the water improvement situation and the iodine level of residents' drinking water. Totally 40 non boarding students aged 8 to 10 from one primary school and 20 pregnant women were selected in each village location to collect household edible salt samples and random urine samples for testing salt iodine and urine iodine levels, and the B-ultrasound method was used for thyroid examination in children.Results:A total of 364 high iodine administrative villages had been monitored, all of which had completed water improvement with a water improvement rate of 100.0%. The median iodine content in residential drinking water was 20.3 μg/L, ranging from 0.1 to 869.1 μg/L; and 11 464 edible salt samples were collected from residents' homes, with a non-iodized salt rate of 82.7% (9 481/11 464). A total of 9 197 urine samples from children and 2 335 urine samples from pregnant women were tested, with median urinary iodine levels of 219.0 and 139.0 μg/L, respectively. A total of 9 197 children were examined for thyroid, with 262 cases detected and a goiter rate of 2.8%.Conclusions:The rate of non-iodized salt in high iodine areas of Shandong Province still needs to be improved. Children's iodine nutrition is above the appropriate level, while pregnant women are at an iodine deficiency level.

Objective:To investigate frailty in older patients with comorbidities and explore related risk factors.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted with an enrollment of 746 patients aged 65 years or older with comorbidities in the Wanshoulu Road area of Beijing from April 2019 to December 2020.A total of 617 patients with comorbidities were finally included, aged(85.6±4.8)years, including 358 women(58.0%); According to the FRAIL scale, 617 patients with comorbidities were divided into a frail group(156 cases, 25.3%)and a non-frail group(461 cases, 74.7%). Demographic data and information on comorbidities were collected.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses of risk factors were conducted.Results:Among 617 patients with comorbidities, the common chronic diseases in descending order were hypertension(497 cases, 80.6%), coronary heart disease(375 cases, 60.8%), osteoporosis(357 cases, 57.9%), osteoarthritis(281 cases, 45.5%), type 2 diabetes(211 cases, 34.2%), stroke and/or transient ischemic attack(193 cases, 31.3%), chronic lung disease(144 cases, 23.3%), tumor(133 cases, 21.6%), chronic kidney disease(92 cases, 14.9%), and heart failure(58 cases, 9.4%). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, heart failure, chronic lung disease, stroke/transient ischemic attack, cancer and osteoarthritis were influencing factors for frailty( P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, type 2 diabetes, heart failure, chronic lung disease, cancer and osteoarthritis were risk factors for frailty( OR=1.076, 1.806, 3.275, 3.371, 1.640, 2.227, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Old age, type 2 diabetes, heart failure, chronic lung disease, tumor and osteoarthritis are closely related to frailty in elderly patients with comorbidities.Proactive and effective prevention and intervention should be instituted to target risk factors for frailty to reduce the occurrence of adverse outcomes.

Objective:To examine the status of career decision-making and its influencing factors among nursing postgraduate students.Methods:From October 2018 to December 2019, 249 nursing postgraduate students from universities were selected by convenience sampling method and were investigated using general information questionnaire, Career Decision-making Difficulties Questionnaire, Professional Identity Scale and Proactive Personality Scale.Results:The score of postgraduate nursing students' career decision-making difficulties was (58.10±8.98). Correlation analysis showed that the score of the career decision-making difficulties was positively correlated with professional identity and proactive personality of nursing postgraduate students ( r=0.187, 0.581, P<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender, whether they had received career counseling and proactive personality scores were influencing factors of career decision-making difficulties which explained 38.0% of the total variation. Conclusions:The career decision-making difficulties of nursing postgraduate students is at a medium level. Educators can reduce the career decision-making difficulties of nursing postgraduate students by conducting career counseling, improving professional identity or enhancing career initiative.

Objective: To explore the effect of mindfulness traits on sleep quality of college students, and to investigate the mediating mechanism of cognitive emotion regulation and anxiety for mindfulness trait factors, and sleep quality in college students. Methods: Totally 397 college students from five colleges were investigated using Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.SPSS 22.0 version and Bootstrap method were used to analysis data and test intermediate effect. Results: (1)The total score of mindfulness trait and the score of describe, act with awareness and non-judge factors in mindfulness traits were(118.44±9.38), (24.82±3.87), (27.41±5.53) and (25.07±4.60), respectively.The total score of sleep quality was (5.57±2.62), and it was negatively related to the above three factors (r=-0.13--0.37, all P<0.05). (2)Anxiety played a complete mediating role between describe factor and sleep quality.Negative cognitive emotion regulation and anxiety played multiple mediating roles between the total score of mindfulness trait, the act with awareness factor and sleep quality.Negative cognitive emotion regulation and anxiety played a complete chain mediated role between non-judge factor and sleep quality. Conclusion The describe, act with awareness and non-judge factors in mindfulness traits can affect sleep quality through mediation of negative cognitive emotion regulation and / or anxiety.

Objective To explore the efficacy of autologous pleural patch in surgical operation on the patient with chronic tuberculous empyema.Methods Autologous pleura patches were used to repair the pulmonary wound in the surgical operations for 7 patients with chronic tuberculous empyema,who received surgical management in Hebei Provincial Chest Hospital from August 2012 to November 2014.The leak time of the patient and the time of the chest tube were recorded,the pulmonary re-examination was observed by chest X-ray,and the follow-up results were recorded.Results The time of persistent pulmonary air leak of 6 patients was not more than 10 hours after operation,1 patient was not more than 24 hours.Review of X-ray chest showed that good for lung,4-7 d after operation removal of thoracic dosed drainage tube,there was no death and no chest infection in 7 patients and review of CT chest showed no significant residual cavity.After follow-up for 6-24 months 7 patients had satisfactory efficacy,there was no pneumothorax and thoracic infection,no residual cavily.Conclusion Autologous pleura can be used to patch the pulmonary wound in the surgical operation on the patient with chronic tuberculous empyema.

OBJECTIVE: To construct and obtain ideal protein delivery vectors by researching the delivery efficiency and cytotoxicity to Hela cells using mPEG-PLGA-BSA-FITC-NPs. METHOD: The mPEG-PLGA nanoparticle was obtained through surface modification of PLGA with PEG, and deliver BSA-FITC into Hela cells in vitro. The positive cells were counted by Laser scanning confocal microscopy and the survival rate of Hela cells was calculated by MTT assay at different time points. RESULT: mPEG-PLGA-BSA-FITC-NPs shows the classic nanometer size, and the encapsulation efficiency reached 51. 2%. At the same time, the nanoparticles possess characteristics of slow release. By optimizing the delivery conditions, the highest efficiency of mPEG-PLGA-BSA-FITC-NPs was above 65.2%, and the cellular viability was about 85.7%. CONCLUSION mPEG-PLGA-BSA-FITC-NPs nanoparticles can successfully carry the target protein into cells as safe and effective as novel delivery materials of protein in vitro, and has shown slow release characteristics. The mPEG-PLGA-BSA-FITC-NPs provide ideal delivery vector for future application in clinical treatment of disease using nano-materials.
Drug Carriers ; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate ; analogs & derivatives ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Nanoparticles ; Particle Size ; Polyesters ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Serum Albumin, Bovine

BACKGROUND:Human skin-derived precursors can be cultured for a long term in vitro, and differentiated into neurons, glial cel s, smooth muscle cel s, Schwann cel s and cel s with peripheral neurons phenotype.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the culture conditions and multiple differentiation capacity of multipotential stem cel s from human skin, especial y the potentials of differentiating into neurons and osteoblasts.
METHODS:Human skin-derived precursor cel s were cultured with trypsin digestion method, and identified with immunocytochemistry. Cel s at passages 3-4 were induced to differentiate into neurons and osteoblasts, and underwent von Kossa staining protocol for calcium, chondrocyte induction, toluidine blue staining, immunohistochemical staining and Sudan black staining. The expression of nestin, vimentin,βIII-tubulin, S100 and col agen II in the human skin-derived precursors was detected.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The human skin-derived precursor cel s cultured with trypsin digestion method could proliferate and form suspending spheres, and nestin positive cel s were detected at any time point of the culture. Al the cultured cel s expressed vimentin, and some adherent cel s expressedβIII-tubulin. Human skin-derived precursor cel s were induced with Salvia miltiorrhiza to differentiate into neuron-like cel s, and expressed marker of nerve cel s. Skin-derived precursors could be induced to differentiate into osteoblasts and von Kossa staining displayed black calcified nodules in the culture dish. Skin-derived precursors could also be induced to differentiate into chondrocytes, and toluidine blue staining was strongly positive, and some cel s expressed col agen II, which suggested that, the differentiated cel s contained chondrocytes. Experimental findings indicate that, skin contains multipotential stem cel s that are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, Schwann cel s and oligodendrocytes.