Owing to complex surgical planning and procedures, orthognathic surgery requires surgeons to possess a high level of clinical expertise. However, traditional teaching methods are difficult to meet the requirements for complex training on orthognathic surgical planning and operation. Virtual reality (VR) technology provides a new solution, but it is limited by problems like imprecise modeling, complex surgical design, single-simulated surgical contents, inability to integrate real time and simulation, and a lack of automatic evaluation function. Artificial intelligence (AI) is potent in data mining and image processing, which can address the limitations of traditional VR teaching, bringing multiple potential for clinical and educational application in orthognathic surgery. With research in personalized model construction, intelligent diagnostics, post-operative prediction, virtual surgical simulation, and personalized feedback and guidance, the fusion of "VR plus AI" holds promise for advancing orthognathic surgical teaching in a more precise and efficient direction, promoting the integration of medicine and technology, and speeding up the transformation of clinical applications.

Objective To investigate the value of MR apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and relative apparent diffusion coefficient (rADC) in differential diagnosis of lymphoma and metastasis in cervical lymph nodes.Methods Totally 69 patients with lymphoma (lymphoma group) and 66 patients with cervical lymph nodes metastasis (metastasis group) underwent MR examination.ADC values of lymph nodes and the right masseter muscle were measured,and rADC values were calculated.The consistency between two observers was evaluated.The differences of ADC value and rADC value were compared between the two groups.The efficacy of ADC value and rADC value in differential diagnosis of lymphoma and metastasis in cervical lymph nodes was analyzed with ROC curve.Results The consistency between two observers was excellent (all ICC＞0.9).Both ADC and rADC values of lymphoma group were significantly lower than those of metastasis group (all P＜0.05).Taken ADC and rADC values as 0.702 × 10-3 mm2/s and 0.584,the sensitivity and specificity was 98.48 ％ and 89.39 ％,76.81 ％ and 84.06 ％,respectively.Conclusion ADC and rADC values are useful in discriminating lymphoma from metastatic lymph nodes.