Aim To study the inhibitory effect of attenuated salmonella SGN1, overexpressing methioninase, on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and the underlying mechanism. Methods The cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell apoptosis, clony formation and migration a-bility of 5-8F, HNE-2, CNE-2 cells were measured u-sing flow cytometry assay, clone formation assay, and wound assay after the methionine restriction treatment. 5-8F, HNE-2, CNE-2 cells were infected with SGN1 at the multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1: 100 for 5 hours, followed with the measurement of cell growth. A xenograft model was constructed by subcutaneous injection of 5-8F cells in mice to observe the inhibitory effect of SGN1 on nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Results Compared with the control group, methionine restriction significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration ability, and clone formation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and blocked the G

Objective: To evaluate the application effect of smart classroom teaching mode in undergraduate teaching of endodontics. Methods: Through micro-lecture and massive open online course which were closely integrated with clinical practice and frontier advances, we build a new smart classroom teaching mode of endodontics relying on information technology such as the medical education cloud APP platform. The mode was applied to the undergraduate teaching of grade 2017 (110 students) and grade 2018 (107 students) in 2020 and 2021 respectively (experimental group). The theoretical examination was conducted for the grade 2016 (control group, 111 students applied traditional teaching methods) in 2019, and for two experimental grades in 2020 and 2021 respectively. A questionnaire survey was conducted for the 2018 undergraduates to investigate the experience of the smart classroom teaching mode, and the application effect of the smart classroom teaching mode was evaluated by comparing the offline theoretical test scores of grades 2016, 2017 and 2018. Results: The results of the questionnaire showed that students in grade 2018 recognized the overall form of smart classroom teaching mode, and 75.2% (79/105) of the students satisfied with the teaching process, considering that it could enhance learning interest and enthusiasm, improve self-learning ability, facilitate the understanding and memory of knowledge points, as well as increase the extension and expansion of professional knowledge. Thirty-seven point one percent (39/105) of the students thought that smart classroom teaching mode was not conducive to the interaction between teachers and students and couldn't improve learning efficiency. Comparing the final theoretical examination scores of students in three years, it was found that the average scores of 2021 (78.79±9.88) and 2020 (76.45±8.33) were significantly higher than that of 2019 (67.67±10.58) (t=6.77, P<0.001; t=8.51, P<0.001). The average score in 2021 was higher than that in 2020, although the difference was not significant (t=1.79, P=0.223). Conclusions: The application of smart classroom mode improved the teaching effect of endodontics, which is worthy of further promotion to provide a positive reference in improving the educating effects of oral medicine.
Humans ; Learning ; Endodontics ; Students ; Dental Care ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyze the status quo of cardiovascular clinical practice guidelines or expert consensuses including both Chinese medicine (CM) and integrative medicine, through systematic literatures searching and quality assessment. METHODS: Data bases including Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, China Science and Technology Journal Database were searched for published CM or integrative cardiovascular clinical practice guidelines or expert consensuses. The website www. medlive.cn was also retrieved as supplementary. The clinical practice evaluation tool AGREE II was used to assess the quality of included guidelines or consensuses. RESULTS: A total of 31 relevant clinical practice guidelines or expert consensuses were included, covering diagnosis, treatment, Chinese patent and patient fields. Common cardiovascular diseases like coronary heart diseases, heart failure and arrhythmia were also involved. Through analysis it was found that both the quantity and quality of included guidelines have been improved year by year. A total of 4 evidence-based clinical practice guideline has been found, one of which was a guideline project plan. Except that, the remaining 27 reports were all consensus-based guidelines. The scores of each field, from highest to lowest, were clarity of presentation (58%), scope and purpose (54%), stakeholder involvement (28%), rigor of development (21%), applicability (13%) and editorial independence (8%). CONCLUSIONS Although clinical practice guidelines in cardiovascular domain of Chinese have gained increasing concern, with both quantity and quality improved, there is still huge gap in methodology and reporting standards between CM guidelines and international ones. On the one hand, it is essential to improve and standardize the methodology of developing CM guidelines. On the other hands, the evaluation system of evidence and recommendation with CM characters should be developed urgently.

Objective To propose a treatment planning optimization algorithm which can make full use of OAR dose distribution prediction meanwhile improving the output planning quality as much as possible.Methods We had reformulated an FMO function under the guidance of dose distribution prediction and also integrated equivalent uniform dose (gEUD) based on the consideration of prediction uncertainty,for providing optimal solution.Performance of the method was evaluated by comparing the optimized IMRT plan quality of 8 cervical cancers in the term of DVH curves,dose distribution and dosimetric endpoints with the original ones.Results The proposed method had a feasible,fast solution.Compared with original plan,its output plan had better plan quality in better dose homogeneity,less hot spot and further dose sparing for OARs.V30,V45 of rectum was decreased by (6.60±3.53)％ and (17.03±7.44)％,respectively,with the statistically significant difference (t=-4.954,-6.055,P＜0.05).V30,V45 of bladder was decreased by (14.74 ± 5.61) ％ and (14.99 ± 4.53) ％,respectively,with the statistically significant difference (t=-6.945,-8.759,P＜0.05).Conclusions We have successfully developed a predicted dose distribution and equivalent uniform dose-based planning optimization method,which is able to make good use of 3D dose prediction and ensure the output plan quality for intensity modulated radiation therapy.

Objective To establish a three-dimensional (3D) dose prediction model,which can predict multiple organs simultaneously in a single model and automatically learn the effect of the geometric anatomical structure on dose distribution.Methods Clinical radiotherapy plans of patients diagnosed with the same type of tumors were collected and retrospectively analyzed.For every plan,each organs at risk (OAR) voxel was regarded as the study sample and its deposited dose was considered as the dosimetric feature.A regularized multi-task learning method than could learn the relationship among different tasks was employed to establish the relationship matrix among tasks and the correlation between geometric structure and dose distribution among organs.In this experiment,the spinal cord,brainstem and bilateral parotids involved in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plan of 15 nasopharyngeal cancer patients were utilized to establish the multi-organ prediction model.The relative percentage error between the predicted dose of voxel and the clinical planning dose was calculated to assess the feasibility of the model.Results Ten cases receiving IMRT plans were utilized as the training data,and the remaining five cases were used as the test data.The test results demonstrated a higher prediction accuracy and less data demand.And the average voxel dose errors among the spinal cord,brainstem and the left and right parotids were (2.01±0.02)％,(2.65± 0.02) ％,(2.45± 0.02) ％ and (2.55± 0.02) ％,respectively.Conclusion The proposed model can accurately predict the dose of multiple organs in a single model and avoid the establishment of multiple single-organ prediction models,laying a solid foundation for patient-specific plan quality control and knowledge-based treatment planning.

OBJECTIVETo establish the association between the geometric anatomical characteristics of the patients and the corresponding three-dimensional (3D) dose distribution of radiotherapy plan via feed-forward back-propagation neural network for clinical prediction of the plan dosimetric features.

METHODSA total of 25 fixed 13-field clinical prostate cancer intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT)/stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) plans were collected with a prescribed dose of 50 Gy. With the distance from each voxel to the planned target volume (PTV) boundary, the distance from each voxel to each organ-at-risk (OAR), and the volume of PTV as the geometric anatomical characteristics of the patients, the voxel deposition dose was used as the plan dosimetric feature. A neural network was used to construct the correlation model between the selected input features and output dose distribution, and the model was trained with 20 randomly selected cases and verified in 5 cases.

RESULTSThe constructed model showed a small model training error, small dose differences among the verification samples, and produced accurate prediction results. In the model training, the point-to-point mean dose difference (hereinafter dose difference) of the 3D dose distribution was no greater than 0.0919∓3.6726 Gy, and the average of the relative volume values corresponding to the fixed dose sequence in the DVH (hereinafter DVH difference) did not exceed 1.7%. The dose differences among the 5 samples for validation was 0.1634∓10.5246 Gy with percent dose differences within 2.5% and DVH differences within 3%. The 3D dose distribution showed that the dose difference was small with reasonable predicted dose distribution. This model showed better performances for dose distribution prediction for bladder and rectum than for the femoral heads.

CONCLUSIONWe established the relationships between the geometric anatomical characteristics of the patients and the corresponding planning 3D dose distribution via feed-forward back-propagation neural network in patients receiving IMRT/SBRT for the same tumor site. The proposed model provides individualized quality standards for automatic plan quality control.

PURPOSE: Little is known about combination of the circulating Epstein-Barr viral (EBV) DNA and tumor volume in prognosis of stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients in the intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) era. We conducted this cohort study to evaluate the prognostic values of combining these two factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: By Kaplan-Meier, we compare the differences of survival curves between 385 patients with different EBV DNA or tumor volume levels, or with the combination of two biomarkers mentioned above. RESULTS: Gross tumor volume of cervical lymph nodes (GTVnd, p < 0.001) and total tumor volume (GTVtotal, p < 0.001) were both closely related to pretreatment EBV DNA, while gross tumor volume of nasopharynx (GTVnx, p=0.047) was weakly related to EBV DNA. EBV DNA was significantly correlated with progress-free survival (PFS, p=0.005), locoregional-free survival (LRFS, p=0.039), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS, p=0.017), while GTVtotal, regardless of GTVnx and GTVnd, had a significant correlation with PFS and LRFS. The p-values of GTVtotal for PFS and LRFS were 0.008 and 0.001, respectively. According to GTVtotal and pretreatment EBV DNA level, patients were divided into a low-risk group (EBV DNA 0 copy/mL, GTVtotal < 30 cm³; EBV DNA 0 copy/mL, GTVtotal ≥ 30 cm³; or EBV DNA > 0 copy/mL, GTVtotal < 30 cm³) and a high-risk group (EBV DNA > 0 copy/mL, GTVtotal ≥ 30 cm³). When patients in the low-risk group were compared with those in the high-risk group, 3-year PFS (p=0.003), LRFS (p=0.010), and DMFS (p=0.031) rates were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Pretreatment plasma EBV DNA and tumor volume were both closely correlated with prognosis of stage II NPC patients in the IMRT era. Combination of EBV DNA and tumor volume can refine prognosis and indicate for clinical therapy.
Biomarkers ; Cohort Studies* ; DNA* ; Herpesvirus 4, Human* ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Nasopharynx ; Plasma ; Prognosis ; Radiotherapy* ; Tumor Burden*

Twenty target compounds were synthesized by the reduction reaction of HUANG Minglong and Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction in this study. The inhibitory effects of the new compounds were tested on NO production in LPS-induced mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells, a cellular inflammation model. The structure-activity relationships were discussed. The structures of target compounds were confirmed by ESI-MS, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR. In vitro activity experiments showed that 18 compounds had certain anti-inflammatory effects at the concentration of 40 μmol·L^-1, of which 9a, 8b, 7c and 9c showed strong anti-inflammatory activities, and IC₅₀ of 7c and 9c were comparable to the positive control drug ibuprofen.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the industrial noise over-limit status of the worksites in Guangzhou factories, so as to promote the prevention and control of occupational noise hazards.

METHODS211 factories in Guangzhou were monitored and investigated. The analysis and assessment were developed for the properties and size of the factories, the districts of the factories being located, the industries of the factories being classified and the date of monitoring.

RESULTSIn this understudied factories, most of them were national-owned and joint-ventures, medium size, located in urban, and mainly involved in the industries of manufacturing of motor vehicle, shipping, electron and electric equipment, and the industries of petroleum and chemicals. The prevalence of noise over-limit was higher in joint-ventures (36.0%) and private-run enterprises (31.2%). The over-limit status mainly presented in industries of textile, food and beverage processing, and leather producing, with getting prevalence of over-limit 46.7%, 43.1% and 41.3% respectively. Subsequence were industries of manufacturing of electron and electric equipment, motor vehicle and shipping, and industries of printing and goods producing for culture and sports, with the prevalence for all > 35%. Factories monitored during spring and summer also had higher prevalence of noise over-limit. The similar results were got after adjustment for each other using multivariable regression. The most common over-limit sites mainly focused on the operation of cutting and sawing, milling and planing, pressing, riveting, drilling, jointing, assembling and quality inspecting in industries of mechanism processing and manufacturing, on quality inspecting and packing in industries of pharmacy and food and beverage manufacture, on spinning and scutching in textile industry, and on cleaning and maintaining as assistant jobs, and patrolling and inspecting air-press machine, ventilation machine, dynamotor and pump.

CONCLUSIONNoise in Guangzhou factories widely exists with different industries and districts. To strengthen noise occupational hazards prevention and control for the high risk districts, industries and worksites should be the key job in the future.

China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Industry ; Noise, Occupational ; prevention & control ; Occupational Exposure ; prevention & control ; Occupational Health ; Workplace

OBJECTIVETo understand the underreporting on death cases through web-based reporting system from medical institutions at county level and above as well as to evaluate the quality of death cases reporting through the system.

METHODSA large-scale survey was conducted at 130 medical institutions based on stratified random sampling and to evaluate the underreporting and the quality of death cases reporting from medical institutions through data from survey and reporting system.

RESULTSIn 2005, the total reporting rates were 78.25% at the county level and 37.93% at the institutes. Comparing with the results of 2004, these rates were going down slightly. The eligibility rate of reporting was 79.62%, increased when comparing with results of 2004. The percentage of obvious coding errors among deaths reported by county level and above medical institutions was 24.68%. A total of 5226 death cases were recorded from medical (outpatient and inpatient) sources. An average underreporting rate of 33.07% was found at the selected medical institutions. Statistical difference of underreporting rate was not found at medical institutions at different levels.

CONCLUSIONSince the initiation of the web-based reporting system of death cases at medical institutes from county level and above, the timeliness of data reporting had been increasing remarkably. The system showed irreplaceable advantages. However, there still existed some problems such as the underreporting of death cases,the poor timeliness of reporting, and the poor accuracy of coding. In the meantime, it was noticed that repetitive work existed among medical institutions due to multi-systems, suggesting that it was necessary to establish a national life registration in China.

China ; epidemiology ; Death Certificates ; Forms and Records Control ; standards ; Health Facilities ; standards ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Local Government ; National Health Programs ; standards ; statistics & numerical data ; Public Health Informatics ; standards ; Quality Control