AIM:To compare the effect of AT TORBI 709M and Tecnis ZMT intraocular lenses on astigmatism correction in patients with corneal astigmatism at 3 mo after operation based on the standard astigmatism vector analysis.METHODS: This was a retrospective case-control study. The clinical data of 69 patients(69 eyes)with corneal astigmatism who underwent phacoemulsification and implantation of toric intraocular lens(IOL)from June 2021 to December 2021 in Day Surgery Center of Xi'an No.1 Hospital was analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups. In group one, 38 cases(38 eyes)were implanted with AT TORBI 709M, and 31 patients(31 eyes)with Tecnis ZMT in group two. The axial length, preoperative astigmatism and axis, and the degree of intraocular lens were recorded. The uncorrected distance visual acuity(UCDVA), best corrected distance visual acuity(BCDVA), diopter, residual astigmatism and axis were recorded preoperatively and at 1 wk, 1 and 3 mo postoperatively. The postoperative surgical indicators, including spherical equivalent(SE), target induced astigmatism vector(TIA), surgically induced astigmatism vector(SIA), magnitude of error(ME), absolute value of angle of error(|AE|), absolute value of difference vector(|DV|), correction index(CI), and index of success(IOS)were evaluated by the standard astigmatism vector analysis.RESULTS:Postoperative UCDVA and BCDVA were significantly improved(all P<0.001), and there were statistically significant differences compared to preoperative UCDVA and BCDVA(all P<0.001). While, there was no significant difference in UCDVA and BCDVA between the two groups(P=0.275, 0.124). The standard astigmatism vector analysis showed that a good astigmatism correction was achieved in both AT TORBI 709M group and Tecnis ZMT group, and both |DV| and IOS were close to 0(P=0.329, 0.288). The CI of the AT TORBI 709M group was closer to 1, indicating a better astigmatism correction, while the CI of the Tecnis ZMT group was higher than 1, suggesting an overcorrection of astigmatism. However, the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant(P=0.193). The mean residual astigmatism at 3 mo postoperatively was -0.11±0.91 D in the AT TORBI 709M group and -0.46±0.76 D in the Tecnis ZMT group, respectively, showing no statistically significance difference(t=1.732, P=0.088).CONCLUSION:Both the flat loop AT TORBI 709M and the double C-loop Tecnis ZMT intraocular lenses can effectively improve postoperative visual acuity in patients with regular corneal astigmatism, showing good rotational stability and comparable correction abilities for both astigmatism with the rule and against-the-rule astigmatism.

ObjectiveThe rapid advancement of bioanalytical technologies has heightened the demand for high-throughput, label-free, and real-time cellular analysis. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) operating in the GHz frequency range (GHz-EIS) has emerged as a promising tool for characterizing cell suspensions due to its ability to rapidly and non-invasively capture the dielectric properties of cells and their microenvironment. Although GHz-EIS enables rapid and label-free detection of cell suspensions, significant challenges remain in interpreting GHz impedance data for complex samples, limiting the broader application of this technique in cellular research. To address these challenges, this study presents a novel method that integrates GHz-EIS with deep learning algorithms, aiming to improve the precision of cell suspension concentration identification and quantification. This method provides a more efficient and accurate solution for the analysis of GHz impedance data. MethodsThe proposed method comprises two key components: dielectric property dataset construction and backpropagation (BP) neural network modeling. Yeast cell suspensions at varying concentrations were prepared and separately introduced into a coaxial sensor for impedance measurement. The dielectric properties of these suspensions were extracted using a GHz-EIS dielectric property extraction method applied to the measured impedance data. A dielectric properties dataset incorporating concentration labels was subsequently established and divided into training and testing subsets. A BP neural network model employing specific activation functions (ReLU and Leaky ReLU) was then designed. The model was trained and tested using the constructed dataset, and optimal model parameters were obtained through this process. This BP neural network enables automated extraction and analytical processing of dielectric properties, facilitating precise recognition of cell suspension concentrations through data-driven training. ResultsThrough comparative analysis with conventional centrifugal methods, the recognized concentration values of cell suspensions showed high consistency, with relative errors consistently below 5%. Notably, high-concentration samples exhibited even smaller deviations, further validating the precision and reliability of the proposed methodology. To benchmark the recognition performance against different algorithms, two typical approaches—support vector machines (SVM) and K-nearest neighbor (KNN)—were selected for comparison. The proposed method demonstrated superior performance in quantifying cell concentrations. Specifically, the BP neural network achieved a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 2.06% and an R² value of 0.997 across the entire concentration range, demonstrating both high predictive accuracy and excellent model fit. ConclusionThis study demonstrates that the proposed method enables accurate and rapid determination of unknown sample concentrations. By combining GHz-EIS with BP neural network algorithms, efficient identification of cell concentrations is achieved, laying the foundation for the development of a convenient online cell analysis platform and showing significant application prospects. Compared to typical recognition approaches, the proposed method exhibits superior capabilities in recognizing cell suspension concentrations. Furthermore, this methodology not only accelerates research in cell biology and precision medicine but also paves the way for future EIS biosensors capable of intelligent, adaptive analysis in dynamic biological research.

ObjectiveTo investigate the antiviral effect of Menispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids and its relationship with the type Ⅰ interferon （IFN-Ⅰ） signaling pathway. MethodThe effects of Menispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids on the intracellular replication of influenza A virus （H1N1）， vesicular stomatitis virus （VSV）， and cerebral myocarditis virus （EMCV） were detected by fluorescent inverted microscope， flow cytometry， Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）， and Western blot. A mouse model infected with H1N1 was constructed， and the mice were divided into a control group， H1N1 model group， Menispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids groups （10， 20， 30 mg·kg^-1）， and oseltamivir group （40 mg·kg^-1）， so as to study the effects on the weight and survival rate of infected mice. Real-time PCR was used to detect the activation effect of Menispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids on the IFN-Ⅰ pathway in cells， and the relationship between the antiviral effect of Menispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids in IFNAR1 knockout A549 cells （IFNAR1^-/--A549） and IFN-Ⅰ pathway was detected. ResultCompared with the control group， the virus proliferated significantly in the model group （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Menispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids could significantly inhibit the replication of H1N1， VSV， and EMCV in vitro （P<0.01）， inhibit the weight loss of the mice infected with the H1N1 in vivo， and improve the survival rate of mice （P<0.05）. In addition， Menispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids activated the IFN-I pathway and relied on this pathway to exert the function of antiviral infection. ConclusionMenispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids exert antiviral effects in vivo and in vitro by activating the IFN-Ⅰ pathway.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of inducing macrophage polarization induced by acupoint effect of electroacupuncture to promote the repair of acute skeletal muscle injury.Methods 45 SD rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group,electroacupuncture group(EA group),sodium chrominate group (DSCG group) and electroacupuncture+sodium chrominate group (hereinafter referred to as EA+DSCG group),with 9 rats in each group. The rats in the EA group and the EA+DSCG group were subjected to EA intervention at the right "Chengshan" (BL57) and "Yanglingquan"(GB34),with a frequency of 2 Hz/100 Hz. The gait changes of rats were recorded by animal gait analyzer. The morphological changes of the right gastrocnemius were observed by HE staining. The changes of mast cell aggregation and degranulation in local skin muscles of "chengshan" point were observed by toluidine blue staining. The expressions of Pax7,MyoD and skin mast cells and 5-HT in the right gastrocnemius were detected by immunofluorescence method. The positive expressions of CD68 and CD206 in right gastrocnemius macrophage was observed by immunohistochemical staining.Results Compared with blank group,the wiggle time of the right hind leg in model group and DSCG group increased,stride length decreased,HE staining showed inflammatory cell infiltration,myocyte enlargement,degeneration and necrosis. The degranulation rate of local skin mast cells in "Chengshan" (BL57) area increased,and the expressions of mast cell tryptase,5-HT,Pax7,MyoD,CD68 and CD206 increased (P<0.05). Compared with model group,the wiggle time of the right hind leg in EA group and EA+DSCG group decreased,stride length increased,HE staining showed that inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced,muscle cells were uniform in size and arranged neatly. Mast cell degranulation rate increased significantly in EA group,and the expressions of mast cell tryptase,5-HT,Pax7,MyoD and CD206 increased (P<0.05),while CD68 expression decreased (P<0.05). Compared with EA+DSCG group,the degranulation rate of mast cells and the expressions of mast cell tryptase,5-HT,Pax7,MyoD and CD206 increased (P<0.05),while CD68 expression decreased in EA group (P<0.05). Conclusion EA "Chengshan" (BL57) and "Yanglingquan" (GB34) can stimulate acupuncture points to locally induce mast cell degranulation,promote the polarization of macrophages,and then activate muscle satellite cells to play the regulatory process of repairing skeletal muscle injury.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the potential relationship between urinary metals copper (Cu), arsenic (As), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), iron (Fe), lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn) and grip strength. Methods We used linear regression models, quantile g-computation and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to assess the relationship between metals and grip strength.Results In the multimetal linear regression, Cu (β=-2.119), As (β=-1.318), Sr (β=-2.480), Ba (β=0.781), Fe (β= 1.130) and Mn (β=-0.404) were significantly correlated with grip strength (P < 0.05). The results of the quantile g-computation showed that the risk of occurrence of grip strength reduction was -1.007 (95％ confidence interval:-1.362, -0.652; P < 0.001) when each quartile of the mixture of the seven metals was increased. Bayesian kernel function regression model analysis showed that mixtures of the seven metals had a negative overall effect on grip strength, with Cu, As and Sr being negatively associated with grip strength levels. In the total population, potential interactions were observed between As and Mn and between Cu and Mn (Pinteractions of 0.003 and 0.018, respectively).Conclusion In summary, this study suggests that combined exposure to metal mixtures is negatively associated with grip strength. Cu, Sr and As were negatively correlated with grip strength levels, and there were potential interactions between As and Mn and between Cu and Mn.

Objective To investigate the effect of bone cement containing recombinant human basic fibroblast growth fac-tor(rhbFGF)and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2(rhBMP-2)in percutaneous kyphoplasty(PKP)treat-ment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture(OVCF).Methods A total of 103 OVCF patients who underwent PKP from January 2018 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed,including 40 males and 63 females,aged from 61 to 78 years old with an average of(65.72±3.29)years old.The injury mechanism included slipping 33 patients,falling 42 patients,and lifting injury 28 patients.The patients were divided into three groups according to the filling of bone cement.Calcium phosphate con-sisted of 34 patients,aged(65.1±3.3)years old,14 males and 20 females,who were filled with calcium phosphate bone cement.rhBMP-2 consisted of 34 patients,aged(64.8±3.2)years old,12 males and 22 females,who were filled with bone cement con-taining rhBMP-2.And rhbFGF+rhBMP-2 consisted of 35 patients,aged(65.1±3.6)years old,14 males and 21 females,who were filled with bone cement containing rhbFGF and rhBMP-2.Oswestry disability index(ODI),bone mineral density,anteri-or edge loss height,anterior edge compression rate of injured vertebra,visual analog scale(VAS)of pain,and the incidence of refracture were compared between groups.Results All patients were followed for 12 months.Postoperative ODI and VAS score of the three groups decreased(P＜0.00l),while bone mineral density increased(P＜0.001),anterior edge loss height,anterior edge compression rate of injured vertebra decreased first and then slowly increased(P＜0.001).ODI and VAS of group calcium phos-phate after 1 months,6 months,12 months were lower than that of rhBMP-2 and group rhbFGF+rhBMP-2(P＜0.05),bone miner-al density after 6 months,12 months was higher than that of rhBMP-2 and group calcium phosphate(P＜0.05),and anterior edge loss height,anterior edge compression rate of injured vertebra of group rhbFGF+rhBMP-2 after 6 months and 12 months were lower than that of group rhBMP-2 and group calcium phosphate(P＜0.05).There was no statistical difference in the incidence of re-fracture among the three groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Bone cement containing rhbFGF and rhBMP-2 could more effective-ly increase bone mineral density in patients with OVCF,obtain satisfactory clinical and radiological effects after operation,and significantly improve clinical symptoms.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) and its collision tumors.Methods:Five cases of IVLBCL were collected, including 2 cases of collision tumors, and 1 case complicated with liver cirrhosis. The morphology and immunophenotype were analyzed. The related literature was reviewed.Results:There were 2 females and 3 males, aged from 53 to 73 years, with a median age of 65 years. The tumors were located in the lower extremities, right cerebellar hemisphere, left kidney, bilateral nasal cavity, and liver, respectively. Cases 2 and 3 were incidentally found in meningioma and renal cell carcinoma tissues, respectively. Case 5 had a background of liver cirrhosis. Morphologically, atypical large lymphoid cells were located in small blood vessels and capillary lumen, with little cytoplasm, hyperchromasia, prominent nucleoli, and obvious mitotic figures. Immunohistochemically, the IVLBCL tumor cells expressed CD20 and PAX5; 2 cases were CD5 positive. One of the 5 cases was GCB phenotype, and 4 cases were non-GCB phenotype. All cases expressed C-MYC (positive rate was 10%-40%). PD-L1 was positive in 4 cases (positive rate was 60%-90%). Ki-67 proliferation index was 70%-90%. CKpan, CD3, TDT, and CD34 were negative. In case 2, meningioma cells were positive for PR, EMA, and vimentin, but negative for CKpan and PD-L1. In case 3, renal carcinoma cells were positive for CKpan, PAX8, EMA, vimentin, CAⅨ and CD10, while PD-L1 was negative. No EBER expression (by in situ hybridization) or C-MYC gene translocation (FISH, break-apart probe) was detected in any of the 5 cases. Three patients were followed up, and all died within 1-13 months.Conclusions:IVLBCL is a highly aggressive lymphoma, with occult clinical manifestations and poor prognosis. Collision tumors of IVLBCL are extremely rare. A better understanding of IVLBCL would help pathologists avoid misdiagnoses.

Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an important immunosuppressive molecule, which inhibits the function of T cells and other immune cells by binding to the receptor programmed cell death-1. The PD-L1 expression disorder plays an important role in the occurrence, development, and treatment of sepsis or other inflammatory diseases, and has become an important target for the treatment of these diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a kind of pluripotent stem cells with multiple differentiation potential. In recent years, MSCs have been found to have a strong immunosuppressive ability and are used to treat various inflammatory insults caused by hyperimmune diseases. Moreover, PD-L1 is deeply involved in the immunosuppressive events of MSCs and plays an important role in the treatment of various diseases. In this review, we will summarize the main regulatory mechanism of PD-L1 expression, and discuss various biological functions of PD-L1 in the immune regulation of MSCs.

AIM:This study aims to investigate the impact of nobiletin(NOB)on the gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)in high-fat diet-induced obese rats.METHODS:A total of 22 SD rats were randomly di-vided into the control(CON)group and high-fat diet(HFD)group.The HFD induced obesity,upon successful modeling,the rats were further divided into the HFD and NOB group,each group consisting of 6 rats.The NOB group received nobi-letin solution(100 mg·kg-1·d-1)via gavage for 21 consecutive days.Body weight was measured bi-daily,and hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was employed to observe pathological changes in adipose tissue and liver.Serum lipid levels were as-sessed using an auto-biochemical analyzer.Analysis of the gut microbiota was performed using 16S ribosomal RNA(rRNA)sequencing,while high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry(LC-MS)was used to determine SCFAs levels in rat feces.RESULTS:Compared with CON group,HFD-fed demonstrated a substantial increase in body weight(P<0.01),accompanied by an augmentation in adipocyte diameter and the presence of hepatic cell vacuolization,indicative of cellular steatosis and inflammation.Moreover,there was a notable elevation in TG and TC levels(P<0.05).At the phylum level,the HFD rats exhibited an altered composition,characterized by an increase in Firmicutes and a con-current decrease in Bacteroidetes.At the genus level,Bacteroides,Lactobacillus and Blautia experienced a significant de-crease,while Colidextribacter showed an increase.Notably,there was a substantial reduction in the expression of propion-ic acid and butyric acid.In comparison to the HFD group,rats administered with NOB demonstrated a marked decrease in body weight(P<0.05),a reduction in adipocyte diameter,and an amelioration in hepatic cell vacuolization and cellular steatosis.Furthermore,TG and TC levels exhibited a significant decrease(P<0.05).At the phylum level,Firmicutes de-creased,and Bacteroidetes increased.At the genus level,Bacteroides,Lactobacillus and Blautia exhibited a significant in-crease,while Colidextribacter displayed a decrease.Additionally,there was an up-regulation of propionic acid and butyric acid levels in the NOB group.CONCLUSION:Nobiletin,through its multifaceted actions,demonstrates a potential anti-obesity effect by effectively reducing body weight in obese rats.This includes the regulation of gut microbiota structure,modulation of SCFAs content,and enhancement of lipid metabolism.

Objective To investigate the attributable risk(AR)of Acinetobacter baumannii(AB)infection in criti-cally ill patients.Methods A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted among adult patients in inten-sive care unit(ICU).Patients with AB isolated from sterile body fluid and confirmed with AB infection in each cen-ter were selected as the infected group.According to the matching criteria that patients should be from the same pe-riod,in the same ICU,as well as with similar APACHE Ⅱ score(±5 points)and primary diagnosis,patients who did not infect with AB were selected as the non-infected group in a 1:2 ratio.The AR was calculated.Results The in-hospital mortality of patients with AB infection in sterile body fluid was 33.3％,and that of non-infected group was 23.1％,with no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P=0.069).The AR was 10.2％(95％CI:-2.3％-22.8％).There is no statistically significant difference in mortality between non-infected pa-tients and infected patients from whose blood,cerebrospinal fluid and other specimen sources AB were isolated(P＞0.05).After infected with AB,critically ill patients with the major diagnosis of pulmonary infection had the high-est AR.There was no statistically significant difference in mortality between patients in the infected and non-infec-ted groups(P＞0.05),or between other diagnostic classifications.Conclusion The prognosis of AB infection in critically ill patients is highly overestimated,but active healthcare-associated infection control for AB in the ICU should still be carried out.