Guided by Academician Zhang Boli's theory of "dampness， turbidity， phlegm， and fluid-related diseases"，this paper elaborated on the pathogenesis and syndrome differentiation treatment of heart failure from the perspective of the "spleen-mitochondria". It analyzed the essential similarities between "spleen-mitochondria" and "dampness， turbidity， phlegm， and fluid-related diseases"， as well as their close association with the onset of heart failure. Furthermore，it explored the connection between spleen function and mitochondrial function in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM），positing that the spleen's role in transportation and transformation is analogous to mitochondrial material metabolism and energy conversion，with spleen deficiency closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction. It thus concluded that mitochondrial material metabolism and energy conversion represent the microscopic essence of the spleen's role in transportation and transformation，and mitochondrial dysfunction is a contributing factor to pathological products like dampness and turbid phlegm，which are closely associated with the occurrence of heart failure. The four elements of dampness，turbidity，phlegm，and fluid are a series of related symptoms resulting from abnormal fluid transportation and transformation，serving as both factors in the onset of heart failure and the core pathological basis for its deterioration. Therefore，during the treatment of heart failure，it is essential to regulate mitochondrial function. Early intervention should focus on eliminating dampness and turbidity to improve mitochondrial function and restore normal energy metabolism. In the middle and late stages，emphasis should be placed on resolving phlegm，promoting blood circulation，warming Yang，and reducing water retention to alleviate mitochondrial damage and improve cardiac function. Supporting Qi and strengthening the spleen should be a continuous approach，and treatment should be adjusted to enhance mitochondrial function and stabilize the condition，thereby improving prognosis. This paper discussed the role of the spleen and mitochondria in the pathogenesis of heart failure，examined the evolution of heart failure mechanisms from the perspective of dampness， turbidity， phlegm， and fluid-related diseases，and proposed a phased treatment strategy. It enriched the theory of dampness， turbidity， phlegm， and fluid-related diseases and offered new strategies for heart failure treatment. However，in practical application，TCM strategies for treating heart failure need to be integrated with modern medical approaches to provide a more solid scientific foundation for treatment.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy （DCM）， a cardiovascular complication caused by diabetes mellitus， is a major cause of heart failure and even sudden cardiac death in diabetic patients. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） posits that the core pathogenesis of DCM lies in internal deficiency and superficial excess， characterized by deficiency of both Qi and Yin combined with phlegm and blood stasis. Modern medical treatments for DCM primarily focus on blood glucose control and symptom alleviation yet lack targeted therapeutic strategies. In contrast， TCM offers a wealth of practical experience and a complete theoretical system， demonstrating definite clinical efficacy and high medication safety in DCM management. As a classic formula for tonifying Qi and nourishing Yin， Shengmaisan comprises Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma， Ophiopogonis Radix， and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus. It contains multiple bioactive components， including ginsenosides， ophiopogonin， schisandrins， and homoisoflavonoids， which exhibit cardioprotective properties. The therapeutic mechanisms of Shengmaisan-like formulae for DCM involve enhancing myocardial contractility， attenuating myocardial fibrosis， modulating mitochondrial quality control， regulating glucose metabolism， mitigating oxidative stress， and suppressing inflammatory responses. Clinically， Shengmaisan-like formulae not only manage hyperglycemic status but also ameliorate cardiac structural and functional impairments and enhance exercise tolerance in DCM patients， playing a vital role in the prevention， treatment， and rehabilitation of DCM. This paper analyzes the feasibility of Shengmaisan-like formulae in DCM management and synthesizes current research achievements regarding their chemical components， mechanisms of action， and clinical applications， aiming to provide a scientific foundation for the use of such formulae in the treatment of DCM.

Aim To explore the effects of Lycium berry seed oil on Nrf2/ARE pathway and oxidative damage in testis of subacute aging rats. Methods Fifty out of 60 male SD rats, aged 8 weeks, were subcutaneously injected with 125 mg • kg"D-galactosidase in the neck for 8 weeks to establish a subacute senescent rat model. The presence of senescent cells was observed using P-galactosidase ((3-gal), while testicular morphology was examined using HE staining. Serum levels of testosterone (testosterone, T), follicle-stimulating hormone ( follicle stimulating hormone, FSH ) , luteinizing hormone ( luteinizing hormone, LH ) , superoxide dis-mutase ( superoxide dismutase, SOD ) , glutathione ( glutathione, GSH) and malondialdehyde ( malondial-dehyde, MDA) were measured through ELISA, and the expressions of factors related to aging, oxidative damage, and the Nrf2/ARE pathway were assessed via immunohistochemical analysis and Western blotting. Results After successfully identifying the model, the morphology of the testis was improved and the intervention of Lycium seed oil led to a down-regulation in the expression of [3-gal and -yH2AX. The serum levels of SOD, GSH, T, and FSH increased while MDA and LH decreased (P 0. 05) . Additionally, there was an up-regulated expression of Nrf2, GCLC, NQOl, and SOD2 proteins in testicular tissue ( P 0. 05 ) and nuclear expression of Nrf2 in sertoli cells. Conclusion Lycium barbarum seed oil may reduce oxidative damage in testes of subacute senescent rats by activating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of acellular nerve allografts(ANA)combined with electroacupuncture on spinal ganglia in rats with sciatic nerve injury(SNI).Methods Totally 50 male adult SD rats were randomly selected for this experiment.Ten rats were prepared for the ANA.Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,ANA group and combinational group,with 10 rats in each group.The SNI model was established by cutting off the nerves 10 mm at the 5 mm on the inferior border of piriformis after separating the right sciatic nerves.The rats in the ANA group were bridged with ANA to the two broken ends of injured nerves.The rats in the combinational group were treated with electroacupuncture 2 days after ANA bridging,Huantiao(GB30)and Yanglingquan(GB34)were performed as the acupuncture points,each electroacupuncture lasted 15 minutes and 7 days as a course of treatment,4 courses in all.Sciatic nerve conduction velocity was measured by electrophysiology to evaluate the regeneration of damaged axons.Morphology of spinal ganglia was observed by Nissl staining.The expression of nerve growth factor(NGF)and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)were detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining.Results Compared with the normal group,the sciatic nerve conduction velocity in model group decreased significantly(P<0.01),Nissl bodies in neurons of spinal ganglia were swollen and dissolved,with incomplete structure and the number decreased dramatically(P<0.01),while the level of NGF and BDNF also decreased significantly(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the sciatic nerve conduction velocity in ANA and combinational groups strongly increased(P<0.01),the damage of Nissl bodies in neurons of spinal ganglia reduced and the number obviously increased(P<0.01),the level of NGF and BDNF increased considerably(P<0.01).Compared with the ANA group,the sciatic nerve conduction velocity in combinational group increased significantly(P<0.01),the morphology of Nissl bodies in neurons of spinal ganglia were more regular and the number increased(P<0.01),moreover,the level of NGF also increased significantly(P<0.01).Conclusion ANA combined with electroacupuncture can enhance the sciatic nerve conduction velocity,improve the morphology of neurons in spinal ganglia and play a protective effect on spinal ganglia.The mechanism can be related to the higher expression of NGF and BDNF proteins,especially the expression of NGF protein.

Purpose/Significance To discuss the new demands and scenarios of disease prevention and control informatization brought about by emerging information technologies,and to provide references for the deep integration of information technology and the modernization of disease prevention and control system.Method/Process The paper analyzes the exploratory applications of emerging in-formation technologies in electronic medical record and disease report intelligent analysis,regional syndrome monitoring,large-scale dis-ease investigation and auxiliary epidemiological investigation,multi-channel monitoring and early warning,portable individual soldier communication under health emergency,and expounds the causes of problems that have not yet formed a systematic construction situation.Result/Conclusion Suggestions on the future development of modern disease prevention and control informatization are put forward to pro-vide technical support for improving public health service capabilities and innovating business changes.

Epitranscriptomics focuses on the RNA-modification-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. The past decade has witnessed tremendous progress in our understanding of the landscapes and biological functions of RNA modifications, as prompted by the emergence of potent analytical approaches. The hematopoietic system provides a lifelong supply of blood cells, and gene expression is tightly controlled during the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The dysregulation of gene expression during hematopoiesis may lead to severe disorders, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Emerging evidence supports the involvement of the mRNA modification system in normal hematopoiesis and AML pathogenesis, which has led to the development of small-molecule inhibitors that target N6-methyladenosine (m 6A) modification machinery as treatments. Here, we summarize the latest findings and our most up-to-date information on the roles of m 6A and N7-methylguanine in both physiological and pathological conditions in the hematopoietic system. Furthermore, we will discuss the therapeutic potential and limitations of cancer treatments targeting m 6A.

Objective Viral encephalitis is an infectious disease severely affecting human health.It is caused by a wide variety of viral pathogens,including herpes viruses,flaviviruses,enteroviruses,and other viruses.The laboratory diagnosis of viral encephalitis is a worldwide challenge.Recently,high-throughput sequencing technology has provided new tools for diagnosing central nervous system infections.Thus,In this study,we established a multipathogen detection platform for viral encephalitis based on amplicon sequencing. Methods We designed nine pairs of specific polymerase chain reaction(PCR)primers for the 12 viruses by reviewing the relevant literature.The detection ability of the primers was verified by software simulation and the detection of known positive samples.Amplicon sequencing was used to validate the samples,and consistency was compared with Sanger sequencing. Results The results showed that the target sequences of various pathogens were obtained at a coverage depth level greater than 20×,and the sequence lengths were consistent with the sizes of the predicted amplicons.The sequences were verified using the National Center for Biotechnology Information BLAST,and all results were consistent with the results of Sanger sequencing. Conclusion Amplicon-based high-throughput sequencing technology is feasible as a supplementary method for the pathogenic detection of viral encephalitis.It is also a useful tool for the high-volume screening of clinical samples.

Objective This study aimed to explore the relationships between residential greenness and cardiometabolic risk factors among rural adults in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Xinjiang)and thus provide a theoretical basis and data support for improving the health of residents in this region. Methods We recruited 9,723 adult rural residents from the 51st Regiment of the Third Division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in September 2016.The normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)was used to estimate residential greenness.The generalized linear mixed model(GLMM)was used to examine the association between residential greenness and cardiometabolic risk factors. Results Higher residential greenness was associated with lower cardiometabolic risk factor prevalence.After adjustments were made for age,sex,education,and marital status,for each interquartile range(IQR)increase of NDVI500-m,the risk of hypertension was reduced by 10.3%(OR=0.897,95%CI=0.836-0.962),the risk of obesity by 20.5%(OR=0.795,95%CI=0.695-0.910),the risk of type 2 diabetes by 15.1%(OR=0.849,95%CI=0.740-0.974),and the risk of dyslipidemia by 10.5%(OR=0.895,95%CI=0.825-0.971).Risk factor aggregation was reduced by 20.4%(OR=0.796,95%CI=0.716-0.885)for the same.Stratified analysis showed that NDVI500-m was associated more strongly with hypertension,dyslipidemia,and risk factor aggregation among male participants.The association of NDVI500-m with type 2 diabetes was stronger among participants with a higher education level.PM10 and physical activity mediated 1.9%-9.2%of the associations between NDVI500-m and obesity,dyslipidemia,and risk factor aggregation. Conclusion Higher residential greenness has a protective effect against cardiometabolic risk factors among rural residents in Xinjiang.Increasing the area of green space around residences is an effective measure to reduce the burden of cardiometabolic-related diseases among rural residents in Xinjiang.

Refractory prolactinoma is the most common pituitary neuroendocrine tumor.Dopamine receptor agonists(DA)are the primary choice for drug treatment.Most patients with prolactinomas respond well to DA.However,a minority of prolactinomas patients still show resistance to DA.Although drug-resistant and refractory prolactinomas are rare in clinical practice,their treatment is extremely challenging.Even a combination of drug therapy,multiple surgeries,and radiotherapy may not yield satisfactory outcomes.Therefore,standardizing the diagnosis and treatment process and pathway for refractory prolactionmas and exploring more effective multidisciplinary collaborative treatment strategies are urgent problems to be solved.In the clinical management of refractory prolactinomas,it is often necessary to consider the patient's condition comprehensively,replace other types of DA,or consider surgery,radiotherapy,and immunotherapy,which requires multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment.This review synthesizes the latest literature at home and abroad to systematically discuss the latest advances in drug therapy,surgery,and radiotherapy treatments for refractory prolactionmas,aiming to provide new ideas for basic research,clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Leonurine(SCM-198)was discovered as one of the active constituents of the Herba Leonuri(HL).Now it can be artificially synthesized.Several recent researches has proven that it exhibits anti-inflammatory effect in several systems in animal models and cell culture in vitro.The key mechanism involves downgrading the activity of nuclear transcription factor-κB(NF-κB),thereby inhibiting the phosphorylation of several signal pathways such as PI3K/Akt,MAPK,ERK,and JNK,or upregulating the activity of Nrf2 related pathways,resulting in downregulated expression of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),IL-1β,IL-2,IL-6,IL-8,inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2),chemokines,adhesion molecules,etc.Owing to the advantages of high safety and efficiency,the ease of administration,as well as its effectiveness in many organs and systems,leonurine has a widely prospect for future research and clinical applications.This article reviews the progress in the fundamental research of leonurine in multiple inflammation-related disease,and it could be expect to offer new possibilities for the treatment of these disease.