Medical institutions, with their clinical practice foundation and abundant human use experience data, have become important carriers for the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and the "cradles" of the preparation of new TCM. To effectively promote the transformation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions and establish an effective evaluation index system for the transformation of new TCM conforming to the characteristics of TCM, consensus experts adopted the literature research, questionnaire survey, Delphi method, etc. By focusing on the policy and technical evaluation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions, a comprehensive evaluation from the dimensions of drug safety, efficacy, feasibility, and characteristic advantages was conducted, thus forming a comprehensive evaluation system with four primary indicators and 37 secondary indicators. The expert consensus reached aims to encourage medical institutions at all levels to continuously improve the high-quality research and development and transformation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions and targeted at clinical needs, so as to provide a decision-making basis for the preparation, selection, cultivation, and transformation of new TCM for medical institutions, improve the development efficiency of new TCM, and precisely respond to the public medication needs.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional/standards* ; Humans ; Consensus ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The chemical components of Carthami Flos were investigated by using macroporous resin, silica gel column chromatography, reversed-phase octadecylsilane(ODS) column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The planar structures of the compounds were established based on their physicochemical properties and ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis), infrared(IR), high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(HR-ESI-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) spectroscopic technology. The absolute configurations were determined by comparing the calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroism(ECD). Six flavonoid C-glycosides were isolated from the 30% ethanol elution fraction of macroporous resin obtained from the 95% ethanol extract of Carthami Flos, and identified as saffloquinoside F(1), 5-hydroxysaffloneoside(2), iso-5-hydroxysaffloneoside(3), isosafflomin C(4), safflomin C(5), and vicenin 2(6). Among these, the compounds 1 to 3 were new chalcone C-glycosides. The compounds 1, 2, 4, and 5 could significantly increase the viability of H9c2 cardiomyocytes damaged by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R) at a concentration of 50 μmol·L~(-1), showing their good cardioprotective activity.
Glycosides/pharmacology* ; Flowers/chemistry* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Carthamus tinctorius/chemistry* ; Chalcones/pharmacology* ; Animals

Objective To investigate the effect of prunella vulgaris extract on inflammation,macrophage phenotype,and phagocytic ability in septic mice,and analyze whether Toll like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)signaling pathway involved in its mechanism.Methods C57BL/6 mice were divided into the control group,the model group and the prunella vulgaris extract low(25 mg/kg),medium(50 mg/kg)and high(100 mg/kg)dose groups.Except for the control group,all other groups of mice were injected intraperitoneally with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)to prepare sepsis model.Each group was given corresponding medication by gavage.After 24 hours of administration,serum tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1β,high mobility group protein B1(HMGB1),IL-10 levels,the proportion of M1 type(CD11b+F4/80+)and M2 type(CD206+F4/80+)macrophages in peritoneal macrophages,the phagocytotic capacity of macrophages,the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)messenger RNA(mRNA)and arginase 1(Arg1)mRNA in peritoneal macrophages and expression levels of TLR4,NF-κB p65 and their phosphorylated proteins in macrophages were detected.Results Compared with the control group,serum TNF-α,IL-1β,HMGB1,proportion of M1 type macrophages in abdominal cavity,mean fluorescence intensity and phagocytotic capacity of macrophages,iNOS mRNA,TLR4,phosphorylated NF-κB p65(p-NF-κB p65)/NF-κB p65 protein expression were increased in the model group(P＜0.05).IL-10,proportion of M2 type macrophages and Arg1 mRNA expression were decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,serum TNF-α,IL-1β,HMGB1,proportion of M1 type macrophages in abdominal cavity,iNOS mRNA,TLR4,p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 protein expression were decreased successively in the prunella vulgaris extract low,medium and high dose groups(P＜0.05).IL-10,proportion of M2 macrophages,mean fluorescence intensity and phagocytotic capacity of macrophages and Arg1 mRNA expression were increased successively(P＜0.05).Conclusion By inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB pathway,prunella vulgaris extract may inhibit the polarization of peritoneal macrophages into M1 type and promote their polarization to M2 type,enhance macrophage phagocytic ability and alleviate LPS induced inflammatory response in septic mice.

Objective To investigate the neurodevelopmental characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD),analyze the correlation between neurodevelopmental indicators and cerebral blood flow(CBF),and explore the potential mechanisms of neurodevelopment in ASD children.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 145 children aged 2-6 years with newly-diagnosed ASD.Scores from the Gesell Developmental Diagnosis Scale and the Autism Behavior Checklist(ABC)and CBF results were collected to compare gender differences in the development of children with ASD and analyze the correlation between CBF and neurodevelopmental indicators.Results Fine motor and personal-social development quotient in boys with ASD were lower than those in girls with ASD(P<0.05).Gross motor development quotient in ASD children was negatively correlated with CBF in the left frontal lobe(r=-0.200,P=0.016),right frontal lobe(r=-0.279,P=0.001),left parietal lobe(r=-0.208,P=0.012),and right parietal lobe(r=-0.187,P=0.025).The total ABC score was positively correlated with CBF in the left amygdala(r=0.295,P<0.001).Conclusions Early intervention training should pay attention to gender and developmental structural characteristics for precise intervention in ASD children.CBF has the potential to become a biological marker for assessing the severity of ASD.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of targeted sealing with high viscosity bone cement and secondary injection of low viscosity bone cement in the treatment of OVCFs patients with the fracture lines involved vertebral body margin. METHODS: The elderly patients who underwent vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures from January 2019 to September 2021 were selected as the screening objects. Through relevant standards and further CT examination, 56 patients with fracture lines involving the anterior wall or upper and lower endplates of the vertebral body were selected for the study. There were 21 males and 35 females, aged from 67 to 89 years old with an average of (76.58±9.68) years. All 56 patients underwent secondary injection of bone cement during operation. Only a small amount of high viscosity cement was targeted to seal the edge of the vertebral body for the first time, and low viscosity cement was injected to the vertebral bodies during second bolus with well-distributed. The operation time, bone cement volume and bone cement leakage were recorded, and the pain relief was evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS). RESULTS: All patients were followed up for more than 3 months and the surgeries were successfully complete. The operation time was (50.41±10.30) min and the bone cement volume was (3.64±1.29) ml. The preoperative VAS was (7.21±2.41) points, which decreased significantly to (2.81±0.97) points 3 days after operation(P<0.05). Among the 56 patients, 2 cases(3.57%) had bone cement leakage, 1 case leaked to the paravertebral vein, and 1 case slightly bulged to the paravertebral through the crack when plugging the vertebral crack. Both patients had no obvious clinical symptoms. CONCLUSION In vertebroplasty surgery, targeted sealing of high viscosity bone cement and secondary injection of low viscosity bone cement can reduce intraoperative bone cement leakage and improve the safety of operation.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Cements/therapeutic use* ; Fractures, Compression/etiology* ; Spinal Fractures/surgery* ; Viscosity ; Osteoporotic Fractures/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies ; Vertebroplasty/adverse effects* ; Treatment Outcome

Uric acid (UA) is the final product of purine metabolism in human body,and its metabolic disorder will induce hyperuricemia (HUA).The occurrence and development of HUA are associated with a variety of pathological mechanisms such as oxidative stress injury,activation of inflammatory cytokines,and activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.These mechanisms directly or indirectly affect the bioavailability of endogenous nitric oxide (NO).The decrease in NO bioavailability is common in the diseases with high concentration of UA as an independent risk factor.In this review,we summarize the mechanisms by which high concentrations of UA affect the endogenous NO bioavailability,with a focus on the mechanisms of high-concentration UA in decreasing the synthesis and/or increasing the consumption of NO.This review aims to provide references for alleviating the multisystem symptoms and improving the prognosis of HUA,and lay a theoretical foundation for in-depth study of the correlations between HUA and other metabolic diseases.
Humans ; Nitric Oxide ; Uric Acid ; Hyperuricemia ; Biological Availability ; Cytokines

Objective:To construct rehabilitation exercise program after rotator cuff repair under arthroscopic, so as to provide a reference for guiding the clinical orthopedic rehabilitation nursing practice and promoting the postoperative functional rehabilitation of patients.Methods:From January to December 2020, through literature review and group discussion, the first draft of the rehabilitation exercise program after rotator cuff repair under arthroscope was formulated. The Delphi method was used to conduct 2 rounds of consultation with 25 experts, and the final version of the rehabilitation exercise program after rotator cuff repair under arthroscope was determined according to the expert consultation.Results:The effective recovery rates of the 2 rounds of expert consultation questionnaires were 80% (20/25) , 85% (17/20) , the coefficients of expert authority were 0.853 and 0.850. The rehabilitation exercise program after rotator cuff repair under arthroscope included 5 basic rules (the significance of program construction, exercise principles, exercise methods, exercise time division, exercise objectives) and 39 specific implementation strategies.Conclusions:The rehabilitation exercise program after rotator cuff repair under arthroscope is scientific, reliable and feasible, which provides a basis for clinical nurses to guide postoperative rehabilitation.

Axilla/pathology* ; Breast Neoplasms/surgery* ; China ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes/pathology* ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Mastectomy ; Neoplasm Staging ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

Lifestyle interventions, including dietary adjustments and exercise, are important for obesity management. This study enrolled adults with overweight or obesity to explore whether either low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) or exercise is more effective in metabolism improvement. Forty-five eligible subjects were randomly divided into an LCD group (n = 22) and an exercise group (EX, n = 23). The subjects either adopted LCD (carbohydrate intake < 50 g/day) or performed moderate-to-vigorous exercise (⩾ 30 min/day) for 3 weeks. After the interventions, LCD led to a larger weight loss than EX ( - 3.56 ± 0.37 kg vs. - 1.24 ± 0.39 kg, P < 0.001), as well as a larger reduction in fat mass ( - 2.10 ± 0.18 kg vs. - 1.25 ± 0.24 kg, P = 0.007) and waist circumference ( - 5.25 ± 0.52 cm vs. - 3.45 ± 0.38 cm, P = 0.008). Both interventions reduced visceral and subcutaneous fat and improved liver steatosis and insulin resistance. Triglycerides decreased in both two groups, whereas low-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased in the LCD group but decreased in the EX group. Various glycemic parameters, including serum glycated albumin, mean sensor glucose, coefficient of variability (CV), and largest amplitude of glycemic excursions, substantially declined in the LCD group. Only CV slightly decreased after exercise. This pilot study suggested that the effects of LCD and exercise are similar in alleviating liver steatosis and insulin resistance. Compared with exercise, LCD might be more efficient for weight loss and glucose homeostasis in people with obesity.
Adult ; Blood Glucose ; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Pilot Projects ; Weight Loss

Objective:To observe the effect of immunofluorescence double staining for foamy macrophages and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in paraffin-embedded tissue of clinical tuberculous wound, in comparison with three routine staining methods. Methods:The experimental method was used. From April 2019 to May 2020, 10 patients with tuberculous wound (5 males and 5 females, aged 28-77 years) meeting the inclusion criteria were treated in the Department of Burns and Plastic & Wound Repair Surgery of Xiang′an Hospital of Xiamen University. The paraffin-embedded wound tissue were collected during extended debridement and preserved in the Department of Pathology of this hospital. Forty paraffin sections were made from the wound tissue of each patient. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemical staining, Ziehl-Neelsen and immunohistochemical double staining, immunofluorescence double staining were performed respectively, with 10 sections in each method. The section rejection rate of four staining methods were calculated. The recognition and detection of wound granuloma tissue in the four staining methods were observed and counted, and the recognition and detection of foamy macrophages in the wound tissue stained with four methods were observed. The MTB detection in the wound granuloma tissue and non-granuloma tissue in the four staining methods were compared. The subtyping and distribution of foamy macrophages and detection rate of MTB in the wound granuloma tissue and non-granuloma tissue, the morphologic clarity of foamy macrophages, as well as the non-specific staining rate and the loss rate of positive reaction of MTB and foamy macrophages by Ziehl-Neelsen and immunohistochemical double staining were compared with those of immunofluorescence double staining. Data were statistically analyzed with Fisher′s exact probability test, one-way analysis of variance, independent sample t test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results:The section rejection rate of HE staining, immunohistochemical staining, Ziehl-Neelsen and immunohistochemical double staining, and immunofluorescence double staining were 3% (3/100), 1% (1/100), 6% (6/100), and 2% (2/100), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference among the four groups ( P=0.26). All the four staining methods could identify granuloma tissue, and the number of granuloma structures was similar ( F=1.284, P=0.28). All the four staining methods were able to identify foamy macrophages in the wound tissue, which was detected in each section. No MTB was observed in the wound granuloma tissue or non-granuloma tissue by HE staining or immunohistochemical staining. MTB was observed distributing in the wound granuloma tissue and non-granuloma tissue by Ziehl-Neelsen and immunohistochemical double staining and immunofluorescence double staining, and most MTB distributed in the wound granuloma tissue. Ziehl-Neelsen and immunohistochemical double staining could not distinguish foamy macrophages engulfed MTB from that non-engulfed MTB. Immunofluorescence double staining showed that foamy macrophages engulfed MTB mostly distributed in the wound granuloma tissue, and the foamy macrophages non-engulfed MTB mostly distributed in the wound non-granuloma tissue. The detection rates of MTB in wound granuloma and non-granuloma tissue in immunofluorescence double staining were (89.00±0.08)% and (82.67±0.05)%, respectively, which were significantly higher than (54.56±0.14)% and (44.44±0.13)% in Ziehl-Neelsen and immunohistochemical double staining ( t=-12.495, -7.961, P<0.01). Compared with that of Ziehl-Neelsen and immunohistochemical double staining, immunofluorescence double staining showed better foamy macrophages clarity in wound tissue ( Z=-3.162, P<0.01). The nonspecific staining rate and positive reaction loss rate of MTB and foamy macrophages in wound tissue of immunofluorescence double staining were (9.11±0.07)% and (9.22±0.07)%, respectively, which were significantly lower than (20.67±0.06)% and (44.00±0.12)% of Ziehl-Neelsen and immunohistochemical double staining ( t=4.569, 15.519, P<0.01). Conclusions:Compared with HE staining, immunohistochemical staining, and Ziehl-Neelsen and immunohistochemical double staining, the immunofluorescence double staining is easy to operate, giving clear and intuitive images. It allows accurate imaging co-localization of MTB and foamy macrophages in paraffin-embedded tissue of clinical tuberculous wound.