Objective （ ） To investigate the association between urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs metabolites - Methods and high normal blood pressure in coke oven workers. A total of 433 coke oven workers were selected as the study - subjects using convenient sampling method. They were divided into normal blood pressure group and high normal blood pressure group according to their blood pressure level. The levels of ten kinds of urinary hydroxylated PAHs metabolites were measured by - Results - high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Among the subjects,57.5% had high normal blood - ， - ， - pressure. The levels of 1 hydroxynathalene 2 hydroxyphenanthrene 1 hydroxyphenanthrene and the metabolite of total PAHs - （ P ） in the high normal blood pressure group were higher than those in the normal blood pressure group all <0.05 . The results of - ， - ， - ， the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that urinary 1 hydroxynathalene 2 hydroxyfluorene 3 hydroxychrysene - （ P ）， and metabolite of total PAHs were all risk factors for high normal blood pressure in coke oven workers all <0.05 after ， ， ， ， ， adjusting for confounding factors such as gender length of service body mass index smoking index alcohol consumption tea ， ， ， Conclusion consumption night shift exercise frequency and other PAHs metabolites. Exposure to PAHs in coke oven plants may increase the risk of elevated blood pressure within the normal range among coke oven workers.

Objective To explore the correlation between 4 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms （Tag SNP） sites （rs7721799, rs32897, rs7718461, rs10062367） of corticotropin releasing hormone binding protein （CRHBP） and schizophrenia and aggressive behavior in the Yunnan Han population. Methods Case-control correlation analysis was used to establish a complex amplification system. Improved multiplex ligase detection reaction （iMLDR） technology was used to detect the genotypes of 4 SNP sites of CRHBP gene of 163 Han schizophrenic patients （including 81 patients with aggressive behavior, 82 patients without aggressive behavior） and 345 healthy Han individuals, which were analyzed statistically by SPSS 19.0, Haploview 4.2 and PHASE 2.1 software. Results There was no correlation between the 3 SNP sites of CRHBP gene and the onset of schizophrenia except for the rs7718461 site （P>0.05）. The relative risk of aggressive behavior of patients carrying GG or GA genotype at rs7718461 site were 4.903 times higher than those carrying AA genotype （P<0.05）. Conclusion The CRHBP gene may not be associated with the occurrence of schizophrenia in Yunnan Han population, but AA genotype of rs7718461 may reduce the risk of aggressive behavior in schizophrenia patients.
Asian People/genetics* ; Carrier Proteins/genetics* ; China ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Schizophrenia/genetics*

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of"4-position"arthroscopic treatment of popliteal cyst in patients aged over 60.Methods:From June 2013 to June 2015,36 popliteal cyst patients aged over 60 with knee pain,swelling or limitation of activity were treated with arthroscopy.The fold of the joint capsule between the medial head of gastrocnemius muscle and the semimembranosus tendon was resected and enlarged up to 1 cm,and associated intra-articular diseases were treated at the same time.The preoperative and postoperative functions were evaluated with the Rauschning and Lindgren knee scores.Results:It was safe and convenient to build portals and work with 4-position.In 36 patients,34 cases(94.4%)had intra-articular diseases,24 cases(66.7%)had medial meniscus tear,10 cases(27.8%)had lateral meniscus tear,12 cases (33.3%)had cartilage lesion,and 8 cases(22.2%)had joint loose body.The follow-up time was 10-22 months,with an average of(16 ± 4)months.The symptoms of knee joint discomfort were significantly relieved after operation.The Rauschning and Lindgren scores were significantly lower than those before operation(P<0.01).Conclusions:Arthroscopic treatment of popliteal cyst patients aged over 60 with"4-position"is simple,safe,and effective,which can deal with intra-articular diseases at the same time.

In this study, seven bibenzyl compounds were isolated from the stem of Dendrobium nobile by silica gel, MCI column chromatographic and preparative HPLC technology. By using spectroscopic techniques including NMR and MS, these compounds were identified as 4, α-dihydroxy-3, 5, 3'-trimethoxybibenzyl (1), 4, 5-dihydroxy-3, 3', α-trimethoxybibenzyl (2), 4, 4'-dihydroxy-3, 5, 3'-trimethoxybibenzyl (3), 4, 5-dihydroxy-3, 3'-dimethoxybibenzyl (4), 4, 3'-dihydroxy-3, 5-dimethoxybibenzyl (5), 5, 4'-dihydroxy-3, 3'-dimethoxybibenzyl (6) and 5, 3'-dihydroxy-3-methoxybibenzyl (7). Compound 1 is a new compound and compound 4 was isolated from this plant for the first time.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of brain derived neurotrophic factor( BDNF)-tyrosine kinase receptor B( Trk B)pathway on the learning and memory impairment in rats induced by benzo[a]pyrene( B[a]P). METHODS: Seventy-two specific pathogen free healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups with 24 rats in each group: the control group,the solvent group and the B[a]P group. The control group received no treatment. The solvent group was given intraperitoneal injection of olive oil( 1. 00 mg / kg body weight),and the B[a]P group was given intraperitoneal injection of B[a]P( 2. 50 mg / kg body weight,dissolved in olive oil) every other day. The rats were given corresponding treatment for30,60 and 90 days. The learning and memory ability of rats was evaluated using Morris water maze test. Western-blot analysis was used to detect the relative expression of BDNF and Trk B protein in hippocampus of rats. RESULTS: The escape latency of rats in the B[a]P group was longer than those in the control group and the solvent group( P < 0. 01). The duration of first passing through the platform in 3 time points in rats of B[a]P group was longer than those at the same time point in the control group and the solvent group( P < 0. 01). The target quadrant residence time and the times of passing through platform in rats of the B[a]P group were less than those in the control group and the solvent group( P < 0. 01). The duration of first passing through the platform in rats of B[a]P group increased with the increasing time of B[a]P exposure,showing a time-effect relationship( P < 0. 05). Compared with the control group and the solvent group,the relative expression of BDNF protein in hippocampus of rats in the B[a]P group was lower than those at the same time points( P < 0. 01). The relative expression of BDNF protein at time points of 60 and 90 days was lower than those at time point of 30 days in the same group( P <0. 01). The relative expression of Trk B protein in hippocampus of rats of the B[a]P group was lower than those in the control group and the solvent group( P < 0. 01). CONCLUSION: The impairment of learning and memory in rats caused by B[a]P has a time-effect relationship,which might be related to the decreased expression of BDNF and Trk B protein.

OBJECTIVETo compare the difference of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) levels in the urban air and the scores of Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment (NBNA) between Taiyuan and Changzhi cities and to explore the effects of PAHs in the urban air during pregnancy on neonatal behavioral neurological development.

METHODSHigh-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with subsequent fluorescence detection was used to determine the PAHs levels in the cooperational hospitals in Changzhi and Taiyuan cities and the urinary 1-hydroxypyrene levels of the 297 pregnant women living Changzhi and Taiyuan cities during Nov. 2009 to May 2010. NBNA was used to determine the development of neonatal neural behavior. The differences of PAHs levels in the urban air, the pregnant women urinary 1-hydroxypyrene levels and NBNA scores between Taiyuan and Changzhi were compared.

RESULTSThere are significant differences of levels of pyrene, benz [a] anthracene, Chrysene, benz [a] pyrene, dibenz [a, h] anthracene in the urban air between Taiyuan and Changzhi (P < 0.10). The median of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene levels in pregnant women of Taiyuan was 1.140 microg/mmolCr, (P25 was 0.457 microg/mmolCr, P75 was 2.678 microg/mmolCr), the median of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene levels in pregnant women of Changzhi was 0.761 microg/mmolCr, (P25 was 0.133 microg/mmolCr, P75 was 2.095 microg/mmolCr). There are significant differences of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene levels in pregnant women between Taiyuan and Changzhi (t = -3.140, P = 0.002). There are significant differences of the NBNA scores, capacity scores, passive muscle tension scores, active muscle tension scores and general assessment scores between Taiyuan and Changzhi (P < 0.10). There was correlation between NBNA scores and urinary 1-hydroxypyrene level in pregnant women.

CONCLUSIONThe PAHs in the urban air during pregnancy may adversely affect the neonatal neurobehavioral development.

Air Pollutants ; adverse effects ; analysis ; urine ; Breast Feeding ; Child Development ; drug effects ; China ; Cities ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Maternal Exposure ; adverse effects ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ; adverse effects ; analysis ; urine ; Pregnancy

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) on apoptosis of neuronal cells and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins and to explore the mechanism of neurotoxicity induced by BaP in rats.

METHODSA total of 32 SD rats were divided randomly into 4 groups, i.e. 3 BaP (126.2, 63.1 and 31.5 µg/kg) groups and a solvent control (50 µg/kg olive oil) group. All rats were exposed to BaP or olive oil by lateral cerebral ventricle micro-injection 1 time a week for 3 weeks. The apoptosis of neuronal cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nicked labeling (TUNEL) assay and the expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax were measured with SABC immunohistochemistry in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus tissues of rats.

RESULTSThe results of TUNEL assay showed that apoptosis bodies on the surface of the neurons in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus were clearly observed and the number of apoptosis bodies increased with BaP. Apoptosis indexes (AIs) of the rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus in high exposure group were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The analysis of immunohistochemistry showed that the Bcl-2 expression levels significantly decreased, the Bax expression levels obviously increased and the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax decreased in the rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus of medium and high exposure groups, as compared with control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In the rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus, there were the negative correlation (r = -0.927, P < 0.01; r = -0.934, P < 0.01) between AI and Bcl-2, the positive correlation (r = 0.858, P < 0.01; r = 0.847, P < 0.01) between AI and Bax and the negative correlation (r = -0.939, P < 0.01; r = -0.942, P < 0.01) between AI and Bcl-2/Bax.

CONCLUSIONBaP could induce the apoptosis of neuronal cells in the rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression may play an important role in the apoptosis of neuronal cells induced by BaP.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Benzo(a)pyrene ; toxicity ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Neurons ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of prenatal exposure to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) on the physical development, early behavioral development, the adaptability to new environment and the learning and memory ability of rat offspring.

METHODSPregnant rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group, olive oil group, 3 exposure groups (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg B [a]P). The rats were exposed to B [a]P) by intraperitoneal injection on the 17th-19th days during gestation. The offspring were weighed on postnatal days (PND)1, PND 4, PND 7 and PND 28, the indices of physical development, reflective ability and sensory function were detected for offspring, the Morris water maze and Open-field tests were used to measure the ability of learning and memory and the adaptability to new environment of offspring.

RESULTSThe time of ear opening in middle and high-dose groups [(4.1 +/- 0.4),(5.0 +/-0.4) d] was posterior to that in untreated and solvent groups [(3.3 +/- 0.5), (3.4 +/- 0.6) d ](P < 0.01). The attainment rate (6.5%) of the surface righting reflex test in high-dose group on the 4th day was significantly lower than that (36.1%) in untreated group, the attainment rate (50.0%) in high-dose group on PND7 was significantly lower than those (81.3% and 79.3%) in untreated group and solvent group (P < 0.05). Compared to the untreated group, the time of forelimb hanging test in all exposure groups on PND12 and PND14 significantly decreased; compared to the solvent group the time of forelimb hanging test decreased in high-dose group on the 14th day significantly decreased (P < 0.01). The attainment rate (61.9%) of olfactory discrimination in high-dose group on PND12 was significantly lower than that (94.3%) in untreated group (P < 0.05). The results of Morris water maze test showed that the escape latency of different dose groups significantly increased, and the time of spatial probe and the times of traversing flat in high-dose group decreased significantly, as compared to the untreated and solvent groups (P < 0.01). The results of open-field test indicated that the center retention time in middle and high-dose groups significantly prolonged, the times of crossing lattice obviously reduced, and the rearing times decreased in high-dose group, as compared to untreated (P < 0.05).Compared to the solvent group, the times of crossing lattice in all exposure groups reduced significantly (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe prenatal exposure to B[a]P could inhibit the physical development and early behavioral development, and influence the adaptability to new environment and learning and memory ability for offspring.

Animals ; Benzo(a)pyrene ; toxicity ; Female ; Learning ; drug effects ; Maze Learning ; Memory ; drug effects ; Motor Activity ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes ; physiopathology ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of nano-alumina on nerve cell viability through different detection kits of cell viability, using micro-alumina and nano-carbon as controls.

METHODSPrimary culturing nerve cells of mouse in vitro, which were exposed to 7 doses of 0 µmol/L, 62.5 µmol/L, 125.0 µmol/L, 250.0 µmol/L, 500.0 µmol/L, 1.0 mmol/L, 2.0 mmol/L concentrations of nano-alumina (nano-Al), micro alumina (micro-Al) and nano-carbon (nano-C), detecting cell viability (A(570) values) with CCK-8, MTT and LDH methods.

RESULTS(1) The results of CCK-8 kit showed that, in doses of 250.0 µmol/L - 2.0 mmol/L, the cell viability values of nano-alumina (the values of A(570) were 0.878 ± 0.009, 0.823 ± 0.016, 0.647 ± 0.008, 0.594 ± 0.013, respectively) were significantly lower than that of micro-Al (the values of A(570) were 0.960 ± 0.008, 0.951 ± 0.036, 0.833 ± 0.008, 0.708 ± 0.012, respectively) and nano-C (the values of A(570) were 0.977 ± 0.003, 0.973 ± 0.002, 0.924 ± 0.006, 0.891 ± 0.023, respectively). While, comparing nano-Al with the same dose of micro-Al, there was significant difference (the t values were -0.082, -0.128, -0.186, -0.114, respectively, P < 0.01), and so as to the comparison of nano-Al with the same dose of nano-C (the t values were -0.099, -0.150, -0.277, -0.297, respectively, P < 0.01). (2) MTT results showed that in the doses of 500.0 µmol/L and 1.0 mmol/L, the cell viability of nano-Al (the values of A(570) were 0.648 ± 0.095 and 0.575 ± 0.061) were lower than that of micro-Al (the values of A(570) were 0.830 ± 0.044 and 0.816 ± 0.014) and nano-C (the values of A(570) were 0.889 ± 0.009 and 0.765 ± 0.049), and the differences were significant (nano-Al compared with the same dose of micro-Al, the t values were -0.183 and -0.242, P < 0.01; nano-Al compared with the same dose of nano-C, the t values were -0.241 and -0.190, P < 0.01). (3) LDH results showed that in the dose from 125.0 µmol/L to 2.0 mmol/L, the LDH release of nano-Al group (the values of A(570) were 1.862 ± 0.102, 1.905 ± 0.066, 1.930 ± 0.037, 1.946 ± 0.033, 1.967 ± 0.068, respectively) were higher than that of nano-C (the values of A(570) were 1.484 ± 0.110, 1.559 ± 0.039, 1.663 ± 0.014, 1.732 ± 0.076, 1.765 ± 0.073, respectively), and the differences were significant (the t values were -0.377, 0.346, 0.266, 0.213, 0.202, respectively, P < 0.01). In the dose from 125.0 µmol/L to 1.0 mmol/L, the LDH release of nano-Al group were higher than that of micro-Al (the values of A(570) were 1.578 ± 0.011, 1.639 ± 0.025, 1.727 ± 0.024, 1.808 ± 0.020, respectively), and the differences were significant (the t values were 0.284, 0.266, 0.202, 0.172, respectively, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe toxicity of nano-Al is greater than nano-C and micro-Al on the viability of nerve cells; LDH is more suitable for detecting changes of cell viability after the effect of nano-materials than CCK-8 and MTT.

Aluminum Oxide ; toxicity ; Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Metal Nanoparticles ; toxicity ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Neurons ; drug effects ; Primary Cell Culture

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes of mitochondria membrane potential and cytoplasma cytochrome C as the mechanism of neuron apoptosis induced by B(a)P.

METHODSPrimary neurons were dissociated from cerebral cortex of 1 - 3 days old SD rats and cultured with DMEM incubator at 37 degrees C. After 5 days' cultivation, the neurons were added S9 and B(a)P, and the concentrations of treated B(a)P were 0, 10, 20 and 40 micromol/L respectively. After administering of B(a)P, the neurons were cultivated for 40 hours. Apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry using Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI) staining, and the changes in mitochondrial potential (DeltaPsim) were tested with Rhodamine fluorescence (R2123) technique. Preparation of cytosolic extracts by centrifugation. Western blotting analysis was used to evaluate the level of cytochrome C of cytoplasm.

RESULTSThe apoptotic rate of neuron increased in both the middle dose group and the high dose group compared with controls, and had a dose-response tendency with the concentration of B(a)P. Moreover mitochondrial potential decreased in a dose dependent manner. There was a negative correlation between DeltaPsim and the apoptotic rate of neurons (r = -0.763, P < 0.05); Western blotting analysis showed cytoplasmic cytochrome C level increased significantly, which was positively related with neuron apoptosis (r = 0.831, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONLoss of mitochondria membrane potential and increase of cytoplasma cytochrome C may be the main cause of neuron apoptosis induced by B(a)P.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Benzo(a)pyrene ; toxicity ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytochromes c ; metabolism ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; Mitochondria ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Neurons ; cytology ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley