Objective To evaluate the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of two entecavir tablets under fasting condition in Chinese healthy volunteers.Methods A single oral dose of 0.50 mg entecavir test and reference formulations was given to 30 healthy volunteers in the fasting state according to two randomized open-label crossover clinical studies.Plasma concentrations were determined by HPLC-MS/MS after deproteinized with acetonitrile.The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by WinNonlin 6.4.The bioequivalence of entecavir tablets test and its reference in the fasting state were evaluated respectively.Results In the fasting state,the main pharmacokinetic parameters of entecavir were as follows:Cmax were(4 390.00±1 257.56)and(4 421.00±1 239.55)pg·mL-1;tmax were 0.67(0.33,2.00)and 0.75(0.50,2.00)h;t1/2were(29.71±14.50)and(35.43±16.58)h,AUC0_72h were(12 252.43±2 671.28)and(12 063.43±2 151.50)pg·mL-1·h.The 90％confidence intervals of the mean ratio of Cmax,AUC0-72h and AUC0-∞ of the text and reference formulations were all within the equivalent interval of 80.00％-125.00％.Conclusion The entecavir tablets test and its reference were bioequivalent in the fasting state.

Objective:To assess the effectiveness of a 6-month Ba Duan Jin exercise program in improving the balance of community-dwelling older adults.Methods:A two arms, parallel-group, cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted in 1 028 community residents aged 60-80 years in 40 communities in 5 provinces of China. Participants in the intervention group (20 communities, 523 people) received Ba Duan Jin exercise 5 days/week, 1 hour/day for 6 months, and three times of falls prevention health education, and the control group (20 communities, 505 people) received falls prevention health education same as the intervention group. The Berg balance scale (BBS) score was the leading outcome indicator, and the secondary outcome indicators included the length of time of standing on one foot (with eyes open and closed), standing in a tandem stance (with eyes open and closed), the closed circle test, and the timed up to test.Results:A total of 1 028 participants were included in the final analysis, including 731 women (71.11%) and 297 men (28.89%), and the age was (69.87±5.67) years. After the 3-month intervention, compared with the baseline data, the BBS score of the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group by 3.05 (95% CI: 2.23-3.88) points ( P<0.001). After the 6-month intervention, compared with the baseline data, the BBS score of the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group by 4.70 (95% CI: 4.03-5.37) points ( P<0.001). Ba Duan Jin showed significant improvement ( P<0.05) in all secondary outcomes after 6 months of exercise in the intervention group compared with the control group. Conclusions:This study showed that Ba Duan Jin exercise can improve balance in community-dwelling older adults aged 60-80. The longer the exercise time, the better the improvement.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between mutated genes and clinical features in patients with essential thrombocythemia(ET).Methods:The clinical data of 69 patients with ET from October 2018 to March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.According to driver mutation type,patients were divided into JAK2 group,CALR group and triple-negative group.The sex,age,cardiovascular risk factors,thrombosis,splenomegaly,routine blood test and coagulation status of patients in three groups were analyzed.Results:Among 69 ET patients,46 cases were associated with JAK2 mutation,14 cases with CALR mutation,8 cases with triple-negative mutation,and one with MPL gene mutation.There were no significant differences in age and sex among the three groups(P＞0.05).The highest thrombotic rate was 26.09％(12/46)in JAK2 group,then 12.5％(1/8)in triple-negative group,while no thrombotic events occurred in CALR group.The incidence of splenomegaly was the highest in JAK2 group(34.78％),while no splenomegaly occurred in triple-negative group.The white blood cell(WBC)count in JAK2 group was(9.00±4.86)× 109/L,which was significantly higher than(6.03±2.32)× 109/L in CALR group(P＜0.05).The hemoglobin(Hb)and hematocrit(HCT)in JAK2 group were(148.42±18.79)g/L and(0.44±0.06)％,respectively,which were both significantly higher than(131.00±15.17)g/L and(0.39±0.05)％in triple-negative group(P＜0.05).The platelet(PLT)in JAK2 group was(584.17±175.77)× 109/L,which was significantly lower than(703.07±225.60)× 109/L in CALR group(P＜0.05).The fibrinogen(Fg)in JAK2 and triple-negative group were(2.64±0.69)g/L and(3.05±0.77)g/L,respectively,which were both significantly higher than(2.24±0.47)g/L in CALR group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT)in triple-negative group was(28.61±1.99)s,which was significantly decreased compared with(31.45±3.35)s in CALR group(P＜0.05).Conclusions:There are differences in blood cell count and coagulation status among ET patients with different driver gene mutations.Among ET patients,JAK2 mutation is most common.Compared with CALR group,the thrombotic rate,WBC and Fg significantly increase in JAK2 group,while PLT decrease.Compared with triple-negative group,the incidence of splenomegaly and HCT significantly increase.Compared with CALR group,Fg significantly increases but APTT decreases in triple-negative group.

Objective:To investigate the molecular mechanism and distribution characteristics of RhD negative phenotypes in Han population of blood donors in Wuhu city.Methods:A total of 210 RhD-samples from August 2021 to August 2022 were screened by serological test and collected from Wuhu Central Blood Station for the voluntary blood donor population.Exons 1 and 10 of the RHD gene were amplificated by PCR to determine whether the samples had the RHD gene.Exons 1-10 of the RHD gene were amplificated by PCR and zygosity analysis were performed in 82 samples containing D gene,and Sanger sequencing was performed on 55 samples containing all RHD exons to determine the genotype.Results:Among 210 RhD-specimens,128 cases(60.38％)had RHD gene deletion.27 cases had partial exons of RHD,including 2 cases with RHD*DVI.3/RHD*01N.01,24 cases with RHD*01N.04/RHD*01N.01,and 1 case with RHD-CE(2-10)/RHD*01N.01.55 cases had retained all of 10 exons,including 4 cases with RHD*01/RHD*01N.01,6 cases with RHD*15/RHD*01N.01,1 case with RHD*01W.72/RHD*01N.01,1 case with RHD*15/RHD*01EL.01,39 cases with RHD*01EL.01/RHD*01N.01,and the remaining 4 cases were determined to have no RHD gene deletion by zygosity analysis and sequencing showed the presence of 1227G＞A mutation loci.Conclusion:There is polymorphism in the molecular mechanism of RhD-D gene in Wuhu blood donor population,among which RHD*01EL.01 and RHD*15 are the main variants in this region.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for RhD blood group identification and clinical blood transfusion in this region.

Objective:To analyze the genes related to platelet activation in essential thrombocythemia (ET)based on transcriptome sequencing technology (RNA-seq ),and to explore the potential targets related to ET thrombosis. Methods:Blood samples from ET patients and healthy individuals were collected for RNA-seq,and differentially expressed lncRNAs,miRNAs,and mRNAs were selected to construct a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network. Differential mRNAs in the regulatory network were enriched and analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO ) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG).The real-time PCR method was applied to validate differential mRNAs on crucial signaling pathways.Results:A total of 32 lncRNAs (3 up-regulated,29 down-regulated),16 miRNAs (8 up-regulated,8 down-regulated),and 35 mRNAs (27 up-regulated,8 down-regulated)were identified as differentially expressed.Among them,5 lncRNAs,12 miRNAs,and 19 mRNAs constituted the regulatory network.KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the differential mRNAs were related to the platelet activation signaling pathway,and there were 6 differential mRNAs related to platelet activation,namely F2R,ITGA2B,ITGB1,ITGB3,PTGS1,and GP1 BB,which were all up-regulated in their expression.RT-PCR results showed that the expression of five mRNAs including F2R,ITGA2B,ITGB1,ITGB3,and GP1BB were upregulated in ET patients compared with healthy subjects,and consistent with RNA-seq results,while PTGS1 expression was not significantly different.Conclusion:Differential mRNAs in ET patients are related to the platelet activation pathway,and F2R,ITGA2B,ITGB1,ITGB3,and GP1BB mRNAs may serve as novel targets associated with platelet activation in ET.

Objective: To analyze the status quo of the knowledge and related factors of cancer prevention and treatment among residents in Liaoning Province in 2021. Methods: From August to November 2021, through network sampling method, 17 474 permanent residents aged 15-69 years in Liaoning Province were surveyed. The WeChat public account was used to collect information such as demographic characteristics and core knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment. The Chi-square test was used to compare the difference of the level of the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge among different groups. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors. Results: Among the 17 474 subjects, 43.1% (7 528) were male and 58.7% (10 262) were urban residents. The overall awareness rate was 72.3%, and the awareness rate of cancer cognition, prevention, early diagnosis and treatment, cancer management and rehabilitation were 71.4%, 67.6%, 72.7%, 83.4% and 63.5%, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression model showed that the residents who were man (OR: 0.850, 95%CI: 0.781-0.925), in rural areas (OR: 0.753, 95%CI: 0.694-0.817), 55-59 years old (OR: 0.851, 95%CI: 0.751-0.963), quitters (OR: 0.721, 95%CI: 0.640-0.813) and smoker (OR: 0.724, 95%CI: 0.654-0.801) had lower awareness rates, while the residents who were 35-54 years old (OR: 1.312, 95%CI: 1.202-1.432), with an educational level of junior high school/senior high school/college degree or above (OR: 1.834-5.130, 95%CI: 1.575-6.047), technical personnel (OR: 1.592, 95%CI: 1.367-1.854), civil servant/institution staff (OR: 1.282, 95%CI: 1.094-1.503), enterprise/business/service staff (OR: 1.218, 95%CI: 1.071-1.385), retired (OR: 1.324, 95%CI: 1.114-1.573) and with family history of cancer (OR: 1.369, 95%CI: 1.266-1.481) had higher awareness rates. Conclusion: The level of the awareness of core knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment among residents in Liaoning Province has met the requirements of the Healthy China Action. Region, gender, education level, age, family history of cancer and smoking are relevant factors.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; China ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Neoplasms/prevention & control* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Aged

Since Curcumae Radix decoction pieces have multiple sources, it is difficult to distinguish depending on traditional cha-racters, and the mixed use of multi-source Curcumae Radix will affect its clinical efficacy. Heracles Neo ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose was used in this study to quickly identify and analyze the odor components of 40 batches of Curcumae Radix samples from Sichuan, Zhejiang, and Guangxi. Based on the odor fingerprints established for Curcumae Radix decoction pieces of multiple sources, the odor components was identified and analyzed, and the chromatographic peaks were processed and analyzed to establish a rapid identification method. Principal component analysis(PCA), discriminant factor analysis(DFA), and soft independent modeling cluster analysis(SIMCA) were constructed for verification. At the same time, one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) combined with variable importance in projection(VIP) was employed to screen out the odor components with P<0.05 and VIP>1, and 13 odor components such as β-caryophyllene and limonene were hypothesized as the odor differential markers of Curcumae Radix decoction pieces of diffe-rent sources. The results showed that Heracles Neo ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose can well analyze the odor characteristics and rapidly and accurately discriminate Curcumae Radix decoction pieces of different sources. It can be applied to the quality control(e.g., online detection) in the production of Curcumae Radix decoction pieces. This study provides a new method and idea for the rapid identification and quality control of Curcumae Radix decoction pieces.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/analysis* ; Electronic Nose ; China ; Plant Roots/chemistry* ; Limonene/analysis* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Objective To investigate the brain age differences between Alzheimer's disease(AD)and mild cognitive impairment(MCI)patients,and further explore the correlations between brain age gap(BAG)and clinical features.Methods The clinical data and radiologic findings of 132 probable AD and AD-derived MCI patients diagnosed at Beijing Tiantan Hospital,Capital Medical University from December 2018 to July 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the diagnostic criteria for AD and MCI,the patients were assigned into AD and MCI groups.In addition,156 volunteers without neurological diseases and other severe diseases were recruited as the control group.The general data,Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)score,and mini-mental state examination(MMSE)score were compared among the three groups.The deep learning-based brain age prediction model was employed to calculate the BAGs of the three groups.Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to explore the correlations between BAG and clinical features.Results The 132 patients included 106 patients in the AD group and 26 patients in the MCI group.The MoCA and MMSE scores followed an ascending trend of AD groupP<0.001).The predicted brain age and BAG in the AD group were higher than those in the MCI group(P=0.040,P=0.003)and control group(P=0.001,P<0.001).There was no significant difference in predicted brain age or BAG between MCI and control groups(P=0.352,P=0.224).BAG was negatively correlated with MoCA score(r=-0.341,P<0.001)and MMSE score(r=-0.324,P=0.001)in the AD group.Conclusion BAG can be used as an imaging biomarker to evaluate the degree of brain structural variation and the severity of brain injury in the patients with cognitive impairment.
Humans ; Alzheimer Disease ; Retrospective Studies ; Cognitive Dysfunction ; Brain/diagnostic imaging*

Objective:To analyze the clinicopathological features of de novo early colorectal cancer and to evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic treatment.Methods:Patients with de novo early colorectal cancer who underwent endoscopic resection in Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from June 2020 to May 2022 were enrolled. The baseline data, endoscopic manifestations, treatment methods, postoperative pathological results and prognosis of the patients were collected retrospectively.Results:A total of 33 patients with de novo early colorectal cancer were enrolled with the age of 62.67 ± 8.62 years, and the male to female ratio was 7.25∶1. The long diameter of lesions was 0.96 ± 0.36 cm. The lesion morphology was mainly superficial phenotype (type 0-Ⅱ), accounting for 72.7% (24/33). Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was performed in 29 cases and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) was performed in 4 cases. Postoperative pathology showed that 11 cases (33.3%) were well differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, of which the superficial submucosal layer was invaded in 2 cases. Twenty cases (60.6%) were moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, of which the superficial submucosa layer was invaded in 5 cases and the deep submucosa layer in 15 cases. Two cases (6.1%) were moderately-poorly differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, where the deep submucosa layer was invaded in both. There was significant correlation between the depth of invasion and the degree of differentiation ( P<0.001), and moderately and moderately-poorly differentiated lesions were more likely to invade the deep submucosa layer. The en bloc resection rate was 100.0% (33/33), the complete resection rate was 97.0% (32/33), and the curative resection rate was 42.4% (14/33). Among the 19 patients who did not achieve curative resection, 13 patients received supplementary surgical treatment. No tumor residue or lymph node metastasis was found in the postoperative pathology. All patients were followed up for 3-25 months, and no signs of local recurrence or metastasis were found. Conclusion:Most de novo early colorectal cancers are superficial phenotype under endoscopy. The pathology is mainly moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. Endoscopic resection of de novo early colorectal cancer shows encouraging short-term efficacy.

Objective: To understand the population structure of food-borne Staphylococcus (S.) aureus in China. Methods: Whole genome sequencing was used to analyze 763 food-borne S. aureus strains from 16 provinces in China from 2006 to 2020. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), staphylococcal protein A gene (spa) typing, and staphylococcal chromosome cassettemec (SCCmec) typing were conducted, and minimum spanning tree based on ST types (STs) was constructed by BioNumerics 7.5 software. Thirty-one S. aureus strains isolated from imported food products were also included in constructing the genome phylogenetic tree. Results: A total of 90 STs (20 novel types) and 160 spa types were detected in the 763 S. aureus isolates. The 72 STs (72/90, 80.0%) were related to 22 clone complexes. The predominant clone complexes were CC7, CC1, CC5, CC398, CC188, CC59, CC6, CC88, CC15, and CC25, accounting for 82.44% (629/763) of the total. The STs and spa types in the predominant clone complexes changed over the years. The methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) detection rate was 7.60%, and 7 SCCmec types were identified. The ST59-t437-Ⅳa (17.24%, 10/58), ST239-t030-Ⅲ (12.07%, 7/58), ST59-t437-Ⅴb (8.62%, 5/58), ST338-t437-Ⅴb (6.90%, 4/58) and ST338-t441-Ⅴb (6.90%, 4/58) were the main types in MRSA strains. The genome phylogenetic tree had two clades, and the strains with the same CC, ST, and spa types clustered together. All CC7 methicillin sensitive S. aureus strains were included in Clade1, while 21 clone complexes and all MRSA strains were in Clade2. The MRSA strains clustered according to the SCCmec and STs. The strains from imported food products in CC398, CC7, CC30, CC12, and CC188 had far distances from Chinese strains in the tree. Conclusions: In this study, the predominant clone complexes of food-borne strains were CC7, CC1, CC5, CC398, CC188, CC59, CC6, CC88, CC15, and CC25, which overlapped with the previously reported clone complexes of hospital and community-associated strains in China, suggesting that close attention needs to be paid to food, a vehicle of pathogen transmission in community and food poisoning.
Humans ; Staphylococcus aureus/genetics* ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/genetics* ; Multilocus Sequence Typing ; Phylogeny ; Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology* ; China/epidemiology*