Objective: To investigate the impact of circadian rhythm disruptions on mental health among college students and explore effective interventions for maintaining stable circadian rhythms. Methods: A comprehensive review of literature was conducted, focusing on sleep patterns, circadian rhythms, and their effects on mental health. Studies were analyzed to identify common factors contributing to circadian misalignment in college students and effective treatments. Data from large-scale studies and specific clinical trials were utilized to understand the relationship between circadian rhythms and psychiatric disorders. Results: Disruptions in circadian rhythms were linked to increased prevalence of psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder. Biological changes during adolescence, academic pressures, and extensive use of electronic devices were major contributing factors. Effective interventions included light therapy, chronotherapy, melatonin supplementation, and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia. Conclusion Stable circadian rhythms are crucial for mental health, particularly in college students who are vulnerable to disruptions due to lifestyle factors. Implementing interventions such as regular sleep schedules, light exposure management, and behavioral therapies can significantly improve mental health outcomes. Further research and targeted mental health programs are essential to address circadian misalignment and its associated psychiatric disorders in this population.

Objective: To investigate the impact of circadian rhythm disruptions on mental health among college students and explore effective interventions for maintaining stable circadian rhythms. Methods: A comprehensive review of literature was conducted, focusing on sleep patterns, circadian rhythms, and their effects on mental health. Studies were analyzed to identify common factors contributing to circadian misalignment in college students and effective treatments. Data from large-scale studies and specific clinical trials were utilized to understand the relationship between circadian rhythms and psychiatric disorders. Results: Disruptions in circadian rhythms were linked to increased prevalence of psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder. Biological changes during adolescence, academic pressures, and extensive use of electronic devices were major contributing factors. Effective interventions included light therapy, chronotherapy, melatonin supplementation, and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia. Conclusion Stable circadian rhythms are crucial for mental health, particularly in college students who are vulnerable to disruptions due to lifestyle factors. Implementing interventions such as regular sleep schedules, light exposure management, and behavioral therapies can significantly improve mental health outcomes. Further research and targeted mental health programs are essential to address circadian misalignment and its associated psychiatric disorders in this population.

Objective: To investigate the impact of circadian rhythm disruptions on mental health among college students and explore effective interventions for maintaining stable circadian rhythms. Methods: A comprehensive review of literature was conducted, focusing on sleep patterns, circadian rhythms, and their effects on mental health. Studies were analyzed to identify common factors contributing to circadian misalignment in college students and effective treatments. Data from large-scale studies and specific clinical trials were utilized to understand the relationship between circadian rhythms and psychiatric disorders. Results: Disruptions in circadian rhythms were linked to increased prevalence of psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder. Biological changes during adolescence, academic pressures, and extensive use of electronic devices were major contributing factors. Effective interventions included light therapy, chronotherapy, melatonin supplementation, and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia. Conclusion Stable circadian rhythms are crucial for mental health, particularly in college students who are vulnerable to disruptions due to lifestyle factors. Implementing interventions such as regular sleep schedules, light exposure management, and behavioral therapies can significantly improve mental health outcomes. Further research and targeted mental health programs are essential to address circadian misalignment and its associated psychiatric disorders in this population.

Various diseases can affect the esophagus. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), which provides precise information about the layers of the esophageal wall, is the primary approach used to investigate esophageal diseases. However, CT is one of the most important imaging modalities for diagnosing esophageal diseases as it can elucidate mediastinal involvement, adjacent lymphadenopathy, and distant disease spread. These two modalities complement each other in the diagnosis of esophageal diseases. Although radiologists may be unfamiliar with EUS procedures and their interpretation, understanding them aids in the differential diagnosis of esophageal conditions. This pictorial essay illustrates the EUS and CT findings of various esophageal diseases originating in the esophageal wall.

Various diseases can affect the esophagus. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), which provides precise information about the layers of the esophageal wall, is the primary approach used to investigate esophageal diseases. However, CT is one of the most important imaging modalities for diagnosing esophageal diseases as it can elucidate mediastinal involvement, adjacent lymphadenopathy, and distant disease spread. These two modalities complement each other in the diagnosis of esophageal diseases. Although radiologists may be unfamiliar with EUS procedures and their interpretation, understanding them aids in the differential diagnosis of esophageal conditions. This pictorial essay illustrates the EUS and CT findings of various esophageal diseases originating in the esophageal wall.

Objective: To investigate the impact of circadian rhythm disruptions on mental health among college students and explore effective interventions for maintaining stable circadian rhythms. Methods: A comprehensive review of literature was conducted, focusing on sleep patterns, circadian rhythms, and their effects on mental health. Studies were analyzed to identify common factors contributing to circadian misalignment in college students and effective treatments. Data from large-scale studies and specific clinical trials were utilized to understand the relationship between circadian rhythms and psychiatric disorders. Results: Disruptions in circadian rhythms were linked to increased prevalence of psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder. Biological changes during adolescence, academic pressures, and extensive use of electronic devices were major contributing factors. Effective interventions included light therapy, chronotherapy, melatonin supplementation, and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia. Conclusion Stable circadian rhythms are crucial for mental health, particularly in college students who are vulnerable to disruptions due to lifestyle factors. Implementing interventions such as regular sleep schedules, light exposure management, and behavioral therapies can significantly improve mental health outcomes. Further research and targeted mental health programs are essential to address circadian misalignment and its associated psychiatric disorders in this population.

Various diseases can affect the esophagus. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), which provides precise information about the layers of the esophageal wall, is the primary approach used to investigate esophageal diseases. However, CT is one of the most important imaging modalities for diagnosing esophageal diseases as it can elucidate mediastinal involvement, adjacent lymphadenopathy, and distant disease spread. These two modalities complement each other in the diagnosis of esophageal diseases. Although radiologists may be unfamiliar with EUS procedures and their interpretation, understanding them aids in the differential diagnosis of esophageal conditions. This pictorial essay illustrates the EUS and CT findings of various esophageal diseases originating in the esophageal wall.

Objective: To investigate the impact of circadian rhythm disruptions on mental health among college students and explore effective interventions for maintaining stable circadian rhythms. Methods: A comprehensive review of literature was conducted, focusing on sleep patterns, circadian rhythms, and their effects on mental health. Studies were analyzed to identify common factors contributing to circadian misalignment in college students and effective treatments. Data from large-scale studies and specific clinical trials were utilized to understand the relationship between circadian rhythms and psychiatric disorders. Results: Disruptions in circadian rhythms were linked to increased prevalence of psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder. Biological changes during adolescence, academic pressures, and extensive use of electronic devices were major contributing factors. Effective interventions included light therapy, chronotherapy, melatonin supplementation, and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia. Conclusion Stable circadian rhythms are crucial for mental health, particularly in college students who are vulnerable to disruptions due to lifestyle factors. Implementing interventions such as regular sleep schedules, light exposure management, and behavioral therapies can significantly improve mental health outcomes. Further research and targeted mental health programs are essential to address circadian misalignment and its associated psychiatric disorders in this population.

Objective: Herbal and natural supplements have gained popularity as alternative treatments to insomnia and sleep disorders due to their perceived safety and potential effectiveness. This literature review summarizes the current evidence on the efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of action of commonly used supplements for sleep, including valerian, hops, kava, German chamomile, cherry, tryptophan, theanine, melatonin, magnesium, and zinc. Methods: We conducted literature review of clinical research on herbal and supplements for sleep reported to date. We summarized key findings and reviewed outcomes related to clinical efficacy and side effects. Results: Findings suggest that certain supplements, particularly valerian, hops, and melatonin, could be effective in improving sleep quality and reducing insomnia symptoms through modulation of neurotransmitter systems and regulation of sleep-wake cycles. However, the strength of the evidence varies with unestablished optimal dosages, formulations, and treatment durations. Although generally considered safe, these supplements are not without risks, such as rare but serious adverse effects associated with kava and potential interactions with prescription medications. The quality and purity of supplements also vary widely due to a lack of strict regulations. Conclusion Healthcare providers should remain informed about the latest research and work closely with patients to develop personalized treatment plans. Herbal and natural supplements may offer promising alternatives or adjunct treatments for insomnia and sleep disorders, but their use should be guided by the best available evidence and individual patient requirements. Larger, well-designed clinical trials are needed to establish the efficacy and safety of these supplements for clinical decision-making.

The circadian rhythm for mood (CRM) is a digital therapeutic, which aims to prevent mood episode and improve clinical course in patients with major mood disorders. Developed on the circadian rhythm hypothesis of mood disorder, CRM predicts the impending risk of mood episode with its built-in algorithm, utilizing wearable devices data and daily self-reports, and provides personalized feedback. In a pilot study of the CRM, the users experienced less frequent and shorter duration of mood episodes than the non-users. To investigate the efficacy of the upgraded CRM, a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled, parallel-group trial is designed. Patients aged between 19 and 70, diagnosed with bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, or major depressive disorder, in a euthymic state for more than two months, can participate. During this 12-month trial, participants are assessed for episode recurrence every three months, and the efficacy of the CRM as a potential digital therapeutic is evaluated. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05400785.