Purpose: This study aimed to identify the effect of integrated nursing using cognicise and neurofeedback on cognition and ⍺ waves among elderly individuals. Methods: This quasi-experimental single group pretest-posttest study included 29 Korean adults aged 65 years or older who participated at a senior welfare center in Y city from February to May 2019. Each integrated nursing session consisted of cognicise (10 minutes) and neurofeedback (20 minutes). Subjects participated twice a week for 10 weeks. Structured questionnaires to assess participants' general characteristics and the Korean version of the Mini-Mental Status Examination for Dementia Screening (K-MMSE-DS) were applied. Alpha waves were measured using BrainMaster. Results: Following the integrated nursing program, alpha waves improved in F3 (t=2.41, p=.023), C3 (t=3.00, p=.006), C4 (t=2.60, p=.015), P3 (t=2.43, p=.022), O1 (t=2.30, p=.029), T3 (t=3.05, p=.005), T4 (t=2.28, p=.030), T5 (t=2.91, p=.007), Fz (t=2.30, p=.029), Cz (t=2.73, p=.011), and Pz (t=2.23, p=.034). Most subjects experienced improvement in concentration after participating in the intervention. Conclusion This study provides evidence for the use of a neuroscientific approach including brain wave measurement to improve cognitive health among community-living elderly people.

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity level can be used as a diagnostic marker for anticholinesterase pesticide poisoning. In this study, we aimed to establish a baseline level of normal brain AChE activity in wild birds. AChE activity was measured in the brains of 87dead wild birds (26 species). The level of AChE activity ranged from 6.40 to 15.9 µmol/min/g of brain tissue in normal wild birds. However, the brain tissue AChE activity level in wild birds exposed to organophosphate (OP) pesticide was 48.0%–96.3% of that in the normal birds. These results may serve as reference values to facilitate routine diagnosis and monitoring of OP-poisoned wild birds.
Acetylcholinesterase ; Birds ; Brain ; Diagnosis ; Organophosphates ; Poisoning ; Reference Values

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of acid etching treatment on surface characteristics and biological response of glass-infiltrated zirconia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A hundred zirconia specimens were divided into four groups depending on surface treatments: untreated zirconia (group Z); acid-etched zirconia (group ZE); glass-infiltrated zirconia (group ZG); and glass-infiltrated and acid-etched zirconia (group ZGE). Surface roughness, surface topography, surface morphology, and Vickers hardness of specimens were evaluated. For biological response test, MC3T3-E1 cell attachment and proliferation on surface of the specimens were examined. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test at a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: Group ZGE showed the highest surface roughness (Ra = 1.54 µm) compared with other groups (P < .05). Meanwhile, the hardness of group Z was significantly higher than those of other groups (P < .05). Cell attachment and cell proliferation were significantly higher in group ZGE (P < .05). CONCLUSION: We concluded that effective surface roughness on zirconia could be made by acid etching treatment after glass infiltration. This surface showed significantly enhanced osteoblast cell response.
Cell Proliferation ; Glass ; Hardness ; Osteoblasts

Two external quality assessment (EQA) trials of conventional newborn screening tests for phenylketonuria, galactosemia, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, maple syrup urine disease, homocystinuria, and congenital hypothyroidism, as well as newborn screening tests using tandem mass spectrometry, were performed in 2015. A total of 44 specimens in the form of dried blood spots were distributed to 16 laboratories and the response rate of these laboratories was 100%. The mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, median, and cut-offs were evaluated for each analyte in the newborn screening tests. Two EQA trials for the analyses of methylmalonic acid, vanillylmandelic acid, catecholamines, metanephrines, organic acids, and amino acids were also performed. A well-designed EQA program and continuous education would improve the performance of biochemical genetics tests.
Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital ; Amino Acids ; Catecholamines ; Congenital Hypothyroidism ; Education ; Galactosemias ; Homocystinuria ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea* ; Maple Syrup Urine Disease ; Mass Screening ; Methylmalonic Acid ; Molecular Biology* ; Phenylketonurias ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Vanilmandelic Acid

No abstract available.
Lentigo*

PURPOSE: This study was to evaluate the marginal fit of two CAD-CAM anatomic contour zirconia crown systems compared to lithium disilicate glass-ceramic crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Shoulder and deep chamfer margin were formed on each acrylic resin tooth model of a maxillary first premolar. Two CAD-CAM systems (Prettau(R)Zirconia and ZENOSTAR(R)ZR translucent) and lithium disilicate glass ceramic (IPS e.max(R)press) crowns were made (n=16). Each crown was bonded to stone dies with resin cement (Rely X Unicem). Marginal gap and absolute marginal discrepancy of crowns were measured using a light microscope equipped with a digital camera (Leica DFC295) magnified by a factor of 100. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Tukey's HSD test were conducted to analyze the significance of crown marginal fit regarding the finish line configuration and the fabrication system. RESULTS: The mean marginal gap of lithium disilicate glass ceramic crowns (IPS e.max(R)press) was significantly lower than that of the CAD-CAM anatomic contour zirconia crown system (Prettau(R)Zirconia) (P<.05). Both fabrication systems and finish line configurations significantly influenced the absolute marginal discrepancy (P<.05). CONCLUSION: The lithium disilicate glass ceramic crown (IPS e.max(R)press) had significantly smaller marginal gap than the CAD-CAM anatomic contour zirconia crown system (Prettau(R)Zirconia). In terms of absolute marginal discrepancy, the CAD-CAM anatomic contour zirconia crown system (ZENOSTAR(R)ZR translucent) had under-extended margin, whereas the CAD-CAM anatomic contour zirconia crown system (Prettau(R)Zirconia) and lithium disilicate glass ceramic crowns (IPS e.max(R)press) had overextended margins.
Bicuspid ; Ceramics ; Computer-Aided Design* ; Crowns* ; Glass ; Lithium* ; Resin Cements ; Shoulder ; Tooth

Two trials of external quality assessment (EQA) of conventional newborn screening tests for phenylketonuria, galactosaemia, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, maple syrup urine disease, homocystinuria, and congenital hypothyroidism, as well as newborn screening tests were performed using tandem mass spectrometry in 2014. A total of 39 specimens in the form of dried blood spots were distributed to 16 laboratories and the response rate of these laboratories was 100%. Screening tests for phenylketonuria and congenital hypothyroidism did not meet the accepted performance criteria in some laboratories. The mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, median, and cut-offs were evaluated for each analyte in the newborn screening tests. Two trials of EQA for the analyses of methylmalonic acid, vanillylmandelic acid, catecholamines, metanephrines, organic acids, and amino acids were also performed. A well-designed EQA program and continuous education would improve the performance of biochemical genetic testing.
Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital ; Amino Acids ; Catecholamines ; Congenital Hypothyroidism ; Education ; Homocystinuria ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea ; Maple Syrup Urine Disease ; Mass Screening ; Methylmalonic Acid ; Molecular Biology* ; Phenylketonurias ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Vanilmandelic Acid

BACKGROUND: Triple advancement flap has been recently introduced to close the skin defect after Mohs microscopic surgery. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical advantage of the modified triple advancement flap compared with rhomboid excision and closure. METHODS: The modified triple advancement flap was performed on nine patients with skin cancer. We observed the clinical course after surgery and compared the scar length and the amount of removed normal skin in triple advancement flap with those in rhomboid excision and primary closure, by using an image-analyzing program. RESULTS: The overall cosmetic and functional result was good. Partial flap necrosis was detected in one of nine patients, and hypertrophic scar developed in one of nine patients. The average scar length from the modified triple advancement flap was 102.1 mm, whereas it was 95.0 and 111.0 mm in 1:3 and 1:3.5 rhomboid excision with closure. The amount of removed skin was 716.3 mm2 in modified triple advancement flap, whereas it was 794.0 mm2 (1:3) and 1116.9 mm2 (1:3.5) in rhomboid excision with closure. CONCLUSION: The triple advancement flap might be used to close a defect in the area of trifurcation or bifurcation of skin tension lines, to spare the normal surrounding tissue as much as possible.
Cicatrix ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Skin Neoplasms ; Skin*

In this study, to understand the pathogenesis of new rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDVa) serotype, we carried out to administrate RHDVa to rabbits, and to examine sequential electron microscopic changes and relationship between pathogenesis and apoptosis. TUNEL-positive cells began to be observed from 24 hours after inoculation (HAI) and the number of positive cells was slightly increased with the course of time. Whereas marked increase of positive cells was seen in the liver from the rabbits died acutely. Typical viral particles with cup-like projections and a diameter of 30~40 nm were detected in homogenized liver samples and tissues at 36 and 48, and 48 HAI, respectively. Ultrastructurally, glycogen deposition was observed from the first stage of hepatocellular degeneration by RHDVa infection and then, swelling and disruption of cristae of mitochondria by viral particles, swelling of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles and vesicles were detected. Condensation, margination and fragmentation of chromatin were observed in degenerative hepatocytes at 36 and 48 HAI, indicating apoptotic bodies. These data offer that hepatocytic apoptosis by RHDV infection could be closely related with mitochondrial impairment in the hepatocytes.
Apoptosis ; Chromatin ; Electrons ; Endoplasmic Reticulum, Smooth ; Glycogen ; Hemorrhagic Disease Virus, Rabbit ; Hepatocytes ; Liver ; Mitochondria ; Rabbits ; Sprains and Strains ; Vacuoles ; Virion

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease is a highly acute and fatal viral disease caused by rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV). Since first outbreak in Korea 1987, RHDV has been continually affected in the country, but the pattern of outbreak seem to be changed. In this study, to understand the pathogenesis of the new RHDVa serotype, we therefore carried out to inoculate RHDVa to rabbits, and to examine the sequential histopathologic changes and viral distribution. Macroscopically, various sized dark red or white spots or appearance were observed in the liver, lung, kidney uterus and ureter. In euhanized rabbits, significant pathologic findings such as infiltration of heterophils and mononuclear cells were observed at 24 hours after inoculation (HAI), and these were sequentially extended periportal to centrilobular area. However, in dead rabbits, severe hepatic degeneration and/or necrosis with relatively weak inflammatory responses were observed. RHDV antigens began to detect in liver, spleen, and lung from 12 HAI by PCR. Immunohistochemically, RHDV positive cells were seen in only liver from 24 HAI, and the degree of immunogen reactivity was stronger in dead rabbits than in euthanized ones. In conclusion, RHDVa caused the subacute or chronic infection accompanying low mortality and moderate to severe inflammatory reaction in rabbits, suggesting the possibility that RHD could become endemic.
Dental Caries ; Hemorrhagic Disease Virus, Rabbit ; Kidney ; Korea ; Liver ; Lung ; Necrosis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rabbits ; Spleen ; Sprains and Strains ; Ureter ; Uterus ; Virus Diseases