Incidence of depression increases in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). We evaluated the association between depression and mortality among older patients with ESKD, which has not been studied previously. Methods: This nationwide prospective cohort study included 487 patients with ESKD aged >65 years, who were categorized into minimal, mild-to-moderate, and severe depression groups based on their Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) scores. Predisposing factors for high BDI-II scores and the association between the scores and survival were analyzed. Results: The severe depression group showed a higher modified Charlson comorbidity index value and lower serum albumin, phosphate, and uric acid levels than the other depression groups. The Kaplan-Meier curve revealed a significantly lower survival in the severe depression group than in the minimal and mild-to-moderate depression groups (p = 0.011). Multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed that severe depression was an independent risk factor for mortality in the study cohort (hazard ratio, 1.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.91; p = 0.041). Additionally, BDI-II scores were associated with modified Charlson comorbidity index (p = 0.009) and serum albumin level (p = 0.004) in multivariate linear regression. Among the three depressive symptoms, higher somatic symptom scores were associated with increased mortality. Conclusion: Severe depression among older patients with ESKD increases mortality compared with minimal or mild-to-moderate depression, and patients with concomitant somatic symptoms require careful management of their comorbidities and nutritional status.

Background: Late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) is associated with reduced testosterone levels and an increase in various physical, mental, and emotional changes in men with age. Several lifestyle factors, including smoking, are reported to be related to LOH; however, very few studies have sufficiently investigated the relationships between smoking and the symptoms of LOH. This study aimed to use the Androgen Deficiency in Aging Males (ADAM) questionnaire to assess the associations between smoking and LOH symptoms in Korean men. Methods: Men who underwent medical check-ups and transrectal ultrasonography at a university hospital between January 1, 2018 and March 31, 2021 (n=793) were included in this study. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the risk of LOH symptoms among non-smokers, exsmokers, and current smokers, with adjustments for age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, and exercise and education levels. Results: There were significant correlations between LOH symptoms, as assessed using the ADAM questionnaire, and smoking status. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for confounding factors indicated that the risk of LOH symptoms was higher in the ex-smokers (odds ratio, 2.446; 95% confidential interval, 1.511–3.962) and current smokers (odds ratio, 6.664; 95% confidential interval, 3.485–12.74) groups. Conclusion These results indicate a positive correlation between smoking and LOH symptoms in Korean men. Nevertheless, large-scale studies are required to further validate these findings.

Incidence of depression increases in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). We evaluated the association between depression and mortality among older patients with ESKD, which has not been studied previously. Methods: This nationwide prospective cohort study included 487 patients with ESKD aged >65 years, who were categorized into minimal, mild-to-moderate, and severe depression groups based on their Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) scores. Predisposing factors for high BDI-II scores and the association between the scores and survival were analyzed. Results: The severe depression group showed a higher modified Charlson comorbidity index value and lower serum albumin, phosphate, and uric acid levels than the other depression groups. The Kaplan-Meier curve revealed a significantly lower survival in the severe depression group than in the minimal and mild-to-moderate depression groups (p = 0.011). Multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed that severe depression was an independent risk factor for mortality in the study cohort (hazard ratio, 1.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.91; p = 0.041). Additionally, BDI-II scores were associated with modified Charlson comorbidity index (p = 0.009) and serum albumin level (p = 0.004) in multivariate linear regression. Among the three depressive symptoms, higher somatic symptom scores were associated with increased mortality. Conclusion: Severe depression among older patients with ESKD increases mortality compared with minimal or mild-to-moderate depression, and patients with concomitant somatic symptoms require careful management of their comorbidities and nutritional status.

Background: Late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) is associated with reduced testosterone levels and an increase in various physical, mental, and emotional changes in men with age. Several lifestyle factors, including smoking, are reported to be related to LOH; however, very few studies have sufficiently investigated the relationships between smoking and the symptoms of LOH. This study aimed to use the Androgen Deficiency in Aging Males (ADAM) questionnaire to assess the associations between smoking and LOH symptoms in Korean men. Methods: Men who underwent medical check-ups and transrectal ultrasonography at a university hospital between January 1, 2018 and March 31, 2021 (n=793) were included in this study. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the risk of LOH symptoms among non-smokers, exsmokers, and current smokers, with adjustments for age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, and exercise and education levels. Results: There were significant correlations between LOH symptoms, as assessed using the ADAM questionnaire, and smoking status. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for confounding factors indicated that the risk of LOH symptoms was higher in the ex-smokers (odds ratio, 2.446; 95% confidential interval, 1.511–3.962) and current smokers (odds ratio, 6.664; 95% confidential interval, 3.485–12.74) groups. Conclusion These results indicate a positive correlation between smoking and LOH symptoms in Korean men. Nevertheless, large-scale studies are required to further validate these findings.

Chronic osteomyelitis with proliferative periostitis, known as Garre’s osteomyelitis, is a type of osteomyelitis characterized by a distinctive gross thickening of the periosteum of bones. Peripheral reactive bone formation can be caused by mild irritation or infection. Garre’s osteomyelitis is usually diagnosed in children and young adults, and the mandible is more affected than the maxilla. The following is a case report of a 12-year-old female patient with Garre’s osteomyelitis of the mandible due to an infection of a root canal-treated tooth.Without surgical intervention, the patient’s symptoms were relieved through nonsurgical root canal re-treatment with long-term calcium hydroxide placement. A cone-beam computed tomography image obtained 6 months after treatment completion displayed complete healing of the periapical lesion and resolution of the peripheral reactive buccal bone. Due to the clinical features of Garre's osteomyelitis, which is characterized by thickening of the periosteum, it can be mistaken for other diseases such as fibrous dysplasia. It is important to correctly diagnose Garre's osteomyelitis based on its distinctive clinical features to avoid unnecessary surgical intervention, and it can lead to minimally invasive treatment options.

Incidence of depression increases in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). We evaluated the association between depression and mortality among older patients with ESKD, which has not been studied previously. Methods: This nationwide prospective cohort study included 487 patients with ESKD aged >65 years, who were categorized into minimal, mild-to-moderate, and severe depression groups based on their Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) scores. Predisposing factors for high BDI-II scores and the association between the scores and survival were analyzed. Results: The severe depression group showed a higher modified Charlson comorbidity index value and lower serum albumin, phosphate, and uric acid levels than the other depression groups. The Kaplan-Meier curve revealed a significantly lower survival in the severe depression group than in the minimal and mild-to-moderate depression groups (p = 0.011). Multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed that severe depression was an independent risk factor for mortality in the study cohort (hazard ratio, 1.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.91; p = 0.041). Additionally, BDI-II scores were associated with modified Charlson comorbidity index (p = 0.009) and serum albumin level (p = 0.004) in multivariate linear regression. Among the three depressive symptoms, higher somatic symptom scores were associated with increased mortality. Conclusion: Severe depression among older patients with ESKD increases mortality compared with minimal or mild-to-moderate depression, and patients with concomitant somatic symptoms require careful management of their comorbidities and nutritional status.

Background: Late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) is associated with reduced testosterone levels and an increase in various physical, mental, and emotional changes in men with age. Several lifestyle factors, including smoking, are reported to be related to LOH; however, very few studies have sufficiently investigated the relationships between smoking and the symptoms of LOH. This study aimed to use the Androgen Deficiency in Aging Males (ADAM) questionnaire to assess the associations between smoking and LOH symptoms in Korean men. Methods: Men who underwent medical check-ups and transrectal ultrasonography at a university hospital between January 1, 2018 and March 31, 2021 (n=793) were included in this study. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the risk of LOH symptoms among non-smokers, exsmokers, and current smokers, with adjustments for age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, and exercise and education levels. Results: There were significant correlations between LOH symptoms, as assessed using the ADAM questionnaire, and smoking status. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for confounding factors indicated that the risk of LOH symptoms was higher in the ex-smokers (odds ratio, 2.446; 95% confidential interval, 1.511–3.962) and current smokers (odds ratio, 6.664; 95% confidential interval, 3.485–12.74) groups. Conclusion These results indicate a positive correlation between smoking and LOH symptoms in Korean men. Nevertheless, large-scale studies are required to further validate these findings.

Incidence of depression increases in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). We evaluated the association between depression and mortality among older patients with ESKD, which has not been studied previously. Methods: This nationwide prospective cohort study included 487 patients with ESKD aged >65 years, who were categorized into minimal, mild-to-moderate, and severe depression groups based on their Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) scores. Predisposing factors for high BDI-II scores and the association between the scores and survival were analyzed. Results: The severe depression group showed a higher modified Charlson comorbidity index value and lower serum albumin, phosphate, and uric acid levels than the other depression groups. The Kaplan-Meier curve revealed a significantly lower survival in the severe depression group than in the minimal and mild-to-moderate depression groups (p = 0.011). Multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed that severe depression was an independent risk factor for mortality in the study cohort (hazard ratio, 1.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.91; p = 0.041). Additionally, BDI-II scores were associated with modified Charlson comorbidity index (p = 0.009) and serum albumin level (p = 0.004) in multivariate linear regression. Among the three depressive symptoms, higher somatic symptom scores were associated with increased mortality. Conclusion: Severe depression among older patients with ESKD increases mortality compared with minimal or mild-to-moderate depression, and patients with concomitant somatic symptoms require careful management of their comorbidities and nutritional status.

Background: Late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) is associated with reduced testosterone levels and an increase in various physical, mental, and emotional changes in men with age. Several lifestyle factors, including smoking, are reported to be related to LOH; however, very few studies have sufficiently investigated the relationships between smoking and the symptoms of LOH. This study aimed to use the Androgen Deficiency in Aging Males (ADAM) questionnaire to assess the associations between smoking and LOH symptoms in Korean men. Methods: Men who underwent medical check-ups and transrectal ultrasonography at a university hospital between January 1, 2018 and March 31, 2021 (n=793) were included in this study. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the risk of LOH symptoms among non-smokers, exsmokers, and current smokers, with adjustments for age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, and exercise and education levels. Results: There were significant correlations between LOH symptoms, as assessed using the ADAM questionnaire, and smoking status. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for confounding factors indicated that the risk of LOH symptoms was higher in the ex-smokers (odds ratio, 2.446; 95% confidential interval, 1.511–3.962) and current smokers (odds ratio, 6.664; 95% confidential interval, 3.485–12.74) groups. Conclusion These results indicate a positive correlation between smoking and LOH symptoms in Korean men. Nevertheless, large-scale studies are required to further validate these findings.

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in Korea and the third leading cause of death from cancer. Treatment outcomes for colon cancer are steadily improving due to national health screening programs with advances in diagnostic methods, surgical techniques, and therapeutic agents.. The Korea Colon Cancer Multidisciplinary (KCCM) Committee intends to provide professionals who treat colon cancer with the most up-to-date, evidence-based practice guidelines to improve outcomes and help them make decisions that reflect their patients’ values and preferences. These guidelines have been established by consensus reached by the KCCM Guideline Committee based on a systematic literature review and evidence synthesis and by considering the national health insurance system in real clinical practice settings. Each recommendation is presented with a recommendation strength and level of evidence based on the consensus of the committee.