Objective: We aimed to determine whether individuals at immediate risk of suicide could be identified using data from a commercially available wearable device. Methods: Thirty-nine participants experiencing acute depressive episodes and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls wore a commercially available wearable device (Galaxy Watch Active2) for two months. We collected data on activities, sleep, and physiological metrics like heart rate and heart rate variability using the wearable device. Participants rated their mood spontaneously twice daily on a Likert scale displayed on the device. Mood ratings by clinicians were performed at weeks 0, 2, 4, and 8. The suicide risk was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale’s suicide item score (HAMD-3). We developed two predictive models using machine learning: a single-level model that processed all data simultaneously to identify those at immediate suicide risk (HAMD-3 scores ≥1) and a multilevel model. We compared the predictions of imminent suicide risk from both models. Results: Both the single-step and multi-step models effectively predicted imminent suicide risk. The multi-step model outperformed the single-step model in predicting imminent suicide risk with area under the curve scores of 0.89 compared to 0.88. In the multi-step model, the HAMD total score and heart rate variability were most significant, whereas in the single-step model, the HAMD total score and diagnosis were key predictors. Conclusion Wearable devices are a promising tool for identifying individuals at immediate risk of suicide. Future research with more refined temporal resolution is recommended.

Objective: Stigma influences perceptions of mental illness and novel diseases like coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), often impeding healthcare access despite advancements in medical treatment. This study compares the stigma associated with COVID-19 and mental illness to identify factors that could help reduce stigma. Methods: An online survey was conducted in May 2023 among 1,500 participants aged 19 to 65 in South Korea, using a panel from Embrain, an online survey service. The survey assessed stigma and distress related to COVID-19 and mental illness using a validated questionnaire. It collected demographic and clinical data, evaluated COVID-19-related stigma, fear, and knowledge, and measured prejudice and attitudes toward psychiatric treatment. Personality traits were assessed using the Big Five Inventory (BFI)-10. Factors significantly associated with stigma scores were entered into linear regression analysis. Results: COVID-19-related stigma scores were significantly negatively correlated with knowledge of COVID-19 and positively correlated with fear of infection and age. Individuals with a history of COVID-19 infection had significantly lower scores on COVID-19-related stigma. Similarly, mental illness stigma was negatively correlated with knowledge of psychiatric treatment and positively correlated with age, as well as conscientiousness and neuroticism in the BFI. Personal experience with individuals with mental illness was associated with significantly lower stigma scores. Conclusion This study suggests that the mechanism-making stigma was similar in cases of traditional mental illness and a novel infectious disease. Both cognitive and experiential factors influence stigma. Educating the public about the disease and enabling interactions with affected individuals emerge as effective strategies for stigma reduction.

Objective: By focusing on a person-centered approach using latent class analyses (LCA), this study examined the patterns of sexual victimization among children and adolescents in South Korea and compared the psycho-behavioral outcomes of these classes. Methods: Participants were 546 females aged 6–17, including 117 sexual victimization survivors and 429 non-victims in South Korea. LCA, an analysis of covariance, and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were conducted. Psychological and behavioral outcomes were measured using the Korean version of the Child Behavior Checklist 6–18 and the Youth Self Report. Variables include internalizing (anxious/depressed, withdrawn/depressed, somatic complaints), externalizing (rule-breaking, aggressive behavior), social, thought, and attention problems. Results: Based on the fit statistics, proportion of each class, and interpretability, a three-class solution was selected as the best fitting model. Profile 1 mainly involved survivors of rape, which first occurred in adolescence through social relations involving alcohol, drugs, or filming. Profile 2 mainly comprised survivors of both rape and physical sexual harassment by close relations, such as family members or relatives, more than once. Profile 3 mainly comprised survivors of sexual harassment by strangers or social relations. Statistically significant differences were suggested in the psych-behavioral outcomes of the profiles compared with the non-victim group. Conclusion These findings highlight the importance of examining experiences of sexual violence in a multifaceted manner. This approach may provide more effective interventions for survivors and allow clinicians to gain an in-depth understanding of sexual victimization in children and adolescents while also increasing the understanding of potential psycho-behavioral consequences.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between mast cell (MC) density in rosacea-affected skin and the expression of key inflammatory mediators, including IL-6, TNF-α, and cathelicidin LL-37. By comparing lesions rich in MCs with those having fewer MCs, we sought to elucidate the role of MCs in the inflammatory mechanisms underlying rosacea pathogenesis.

Methods: Specimens were collected from 20 patients diagnosed with rosacea who attended the outpatient clinic between 2008 and 2013. Each specimen underwent staining using hematoxylin/eosin, Giemsa, IL-6, LL-37, and TNF-α for both histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. The number of stained cells was counted across 10 randomly selected dermal layers at a magnification of ×400 using light microscopy. The results were categorized based on the number of MCs counted: more than 10 MCs were classified as MC-rich, and 10 or fewer MCs as MC-poor.

Results: Among the 20 patients (10 MC-rich and 10 MC-poor), the MC-rich group demonstrated significantly higher MC counts than the MC-poor group (P<0.001). However, there were no significant differences in the expression levels of IL-6, LL-37, or TNF-α between the two groups. Additionally, MC density did not show any significant associations with patient demographics, clinical characteristics, or systemic comorbidities.

Conclusion: Increased MC density was not associated with differences in IL-6, TNF-α, or LL-37 expression in rosacea lesions. These findings suggest that MC infiltration may not directly influence the inflammatory mediator profile in rosacea. Further research is required to identify distinctive pathological features or markers that can elucidate the mechanisms of rosacea.

For patients with edentulous maxillae, creating a prosthetic treatment plan involves considering anatomical factors, aesthetics, the patient’s financial situation, and oral hygiene capabilities. In this case, CAD-CAM technology was used to accurately plan implant placements for a full arch fixed restoration based on the design of the final prosthesis. A customized surgical guide ensured precise implant placement and a provisional restoration was created using CAD-CAM. The definitive prosthesis was then created based on the second provisional restoration that has been previously used and adjusted by the patient. This approach achieved an excellent functional and aesthetic outcome, highlighting the benefits of digital approach and its potential for further clinical applications.

Purpose: . The purpose of this study is to analyze the biomechanical differences in rotation angle-torque according to the type of implant and to compare the effects of contamination and sandblasting on the removal torque value (RTV) of abutment screws. Materials and methods: . For this study, an automated device for tightening and loosening implant screws was developed, and each 15 implant-abutment complexes of external and internal connection type were prepared, divided into three groups according to the surface treatment of the screw:control group (no treatment), experimental group-1 (artificial saliva contamination and chlorhexidine (CHX) rinsing), and experimental group-2 (artificial saliva contamination, CHX rinsing, and subsequent 50 µm Al 2 O 3 sandblasting). FirstRTV was measured for each group, followed by different post-treatment procedures for the screws, and then Second-RTV was measured. During the procedure, the removal torque value and rotation angle vs. time were recorded at a 20 data/s.A standardized protocol was followed for all the tightening and loosening procedures: screw was tightened with 30 Ncm torque and maintained for 5 s, and then rotated in the reverse direction until the torque value reached 0 Ncm. After 10min of rest period, the screws were loosened to initial point. Results: . Statistical analysis of measured data revealed that the internal connection type showed significantly higher First-RTV compared to the external connection type, however, no significant differences in Second-RTV were found. Both experimental groups 1and 2 showed a decrease in RTVs for both implant types, while the control group showed a decrease in RTV only for the internal type. The internal connection type required a significantly larger rotation angle during the tightening and loosening process. Conclusion . Within the limitations of this study, both artificial saliva contamination and CHX cleansing, as well as sandblasting, decreased RTV in both internal and external connection types. Internal connections were more susceptible to the effects of contaminants.

In cases of partially edentulous patients with insufficient remaining teeth, rotational movement of the denture occurs and prognosis of the remaining teeth is uncertain when restoring with a removable partial denture. Recently, implant-assisted removable partial dentures, where a small number of implants are placed and surveyed crowns are fabricated on the implants to be used as abutments, have been suggested. In this case, the patient had only one remaining tooth in the mandible and implants were placed in both posterior regions to be used as surveyed crowns to restore the patient with an implant-assisted removable partial denture. This approach improved the support, retention, and stability of the denture, resulting in functionally and aesthetically satisfactory outcomes.

The prevalence of prediabetes has steadily increased in Korea, driven by rising obesity rates and lifestyle changes. A structured lifestyle modification program has been shown to significantly reduce the prevalence of diabetes among adults with prediabetes, with this effect sustained over time. Lifestyle modifications including medical nutrition, exercise, and behavioral psychological therapy are effective for preventing and managing diabetes, with medical nutrition therapy playing a crucial role. This study reviews the latest academic guidelines and medical nutrition therapy for diabetes prevention and to introduce the KDPS-hLSM (Korean Diabetes Prevention Study hospital-based lifestyle modification).

Primary cholangiocarcinoma is a rare bile duct epithelial neoplasm that can present with atypical clinical manifestations, complicating its diagnosis. A 62-year-old male showed symptoms suggestive of a complicated hepatic cyst that was later identified as intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The patient presented with abdominal discomfort without fever. Imaging revealed a large cystic lesion in the liver. Despite the initial treatment for a presumed abscess, a biopsy confirmed cholangiocarcinoma. This case highlights the diagnostic challenge of distinguishing between benign complicated hepatic cysts and malignancies, particularly when typical markers of infection are absent. Early biopsy and vigilant assessments are crucial in such presentations to avoid a delayed diagnosis and initiate appropriate treatment.

Hepatic tuberculosis, typically associated with miliary tuberculosis, can occasionally present as localized liver lesions. This case report describes a 77-year-old male presenting with persistent abdominal pain and fever, following an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for bile duct sludge removal. Subsequent computed tomography revealed focal liver lesions. Despite initial treatment with antibiotics for a suspected inflammatory liver abscess, his condition did not improve. A liver biopsy was performed, revealing caseous granulomas, and the tuberculosis polymerase chain reaction result was positive. The patient was diagnosed with primary hepatic tuberculosis, which later disseminated. Oral anti-tuberculosis therapy was initiated and is currently being closely monitored. This case emphasizes the importance of considering hepatic tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of liver lesions, particularly in cases involving cholestatic liver function tests, and persistent symptoms unresponsive to conventional antibiotics.