Background: This study aimed to investigate changes after repeated subacromial drug injections in a rat model of normal rotator cuff. Methods: Thirty-nine male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into groups 1 (no injection, n = 3), 2 (parecoxib, n = 18; 6 subgroups, n = 3 each; 0.5 mg/kg), and 3 (triamcinolone, n = 18; 6 subgroups, n = 3 each; 0.3 mg/kg). Groups 2 and 3 received subacromial injections 1–6 times once weekly for 6 weeks. The supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons and muscles were used for biomechanical and histological evaluation. The subacromial bursa was used to analyze the prostaglandin E2 (PEG2) level. Results: In the biomechanical test, load-to-failure and ultimate stress decreased in groups 2 and 3 with repeated injections and the values were significantly lower in group 3 than in group 1 only at the sixth injection (p = 0.007 and p = 0.008, respectively). On the Bonar score, the cellularity, ground substance, and total score were significantly different among the 3 groups at the fifth and sixth injections (cellularity: p = 0.028 and p = 0.033, ground substance: p = 0.018 and p = 0.006, and total score: p = 0.029 and p = 0.027, respectively). The myocyte cross-sectional area of the infraspinatus muscle showed a significant difference among the 3 groups at the third and fourth injections (p = 0.031 and p = 0.020, respectively). The PEG2 level in the subacromial bursa was significantly different among the 3 groups at the third, fifth, and sixth injections (p = 0.019, p = 0.004, and p = 0.004, respectively). Conclusions In the rat model of normal rotator cuff, repeated local injections of the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor showed fewer negative effects on the biomechanical and histological properties of the normal tendon than triamcinolone.

Background: This study aimed to investigate changes after repeated subacromial drug injections in a rat model of normal rotator cuff. Methods: Thirty-nine male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into groups 1 (no injection, n = 3), 2 (parecoxib, n = 18; 6 subgroups, n = 3 each; 0.5 mg/kg), and 3 (triamcinolone, n = 18; 6 subgroups, n = 3 each; 0.3 mg/kg). Groups 2 and 3 received subacromial injections 1–6 times once weekly for 6 weeks. The supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons and muscles were used for biomechanical and histological evaluation. The subacromial bursa was used to analyze the prostaglandin E2 (PEG2) level. Results: In the biomechanical test, load-to-failure and ultimate stress decreased in groups 2 and 3 with repeated injections and the values were significantly lower in group 3 than in group 1 only at the sixth injection (p = 0.007 and p = 0.008, respectively). On the Bonar score, the cellularity, ground substance, and total score were significantly different among the 3 groups at the fifth and sixth injections (cellularity: p = 0.028 and p = 0.033, ground substance: p = 0.018 and p = 0.006, and total score: p = 0.029 and p = 0.027, respectively). The myocyte cross-sectional area of the infraspinatus muscle showed a significant difference among the 3 groups at the third and fourth injections (p = 0.031 and p = 0.020, respectively). The PEG2 level in the subacromial bursa was significantly different among the 3 groups at the third, fifth, and sixth injections (p = 0.019, p = 0.004, and p = 0.004, respectively). Conclusions In the rat model of normal rotator cuff, repeated local injections of the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor showed fewer negative effects on the biomechanical and histological properties of the normal tendon than triamcinolone.

Background: This study aimed to investigate changes after repeated subacromial drug injections in a rat model of normal rotator cuff. Methods: Thirty-nine male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into groups 1 (no injection, n = 3), 2 (parecoxib, n = 18; 6 subgroups, n = 3 each; 0.5 mg/kg), and 3 (triamcinolone, n = 18; 6 subgroups, n = 3 each; 0.3 mg/kg). Groups 2 and 3 received subacromial injections 1–6 times once weekly for 6 weeks. The supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons and muscles were used for biomechanical and histological evaluation. The subacromial bursa was used to analyze the prostaglandin E2 (PEG2) level. Results: In the biomechanical test, load-to-failure and ultimate stress decreased in groups 2 and 3 with repeated injections and the values were significantly lower in group 3 than in group 1 only at the sixth injection (p = 0.007 and p = 0.008, respectively). On the Bonar score, the cellularity, ground substance, and total score were significantly different among the 3 groups at the fifth and sixth injections (cellularity: p = 0.028 and p = 0.033, ground substance: p = 0.018 and p = 0.006, and total score: p = 0.029 and p = 0.027, respectively). The myocyte cross-sectional area of the infraspinatus muscle showed a significant difference among the 3 groups at the third and fourth injections (p = 0.031 and p = 0.020, respectively). The PEG2 level in the subacromial bursa was significantly different among the 3 groups at the third, fifth, and sixth injections (p = 0.019, p = 0.004, and p = 0.004, respectively). Conclusions In the rat model of normal rotator cuff, repeated local injections of the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor showed fewer negative effects on the biomechanical and histological properties of the normal tendon than triamcinolone.

Background: This study aimed to investigate changes after repeated subacromial drug injections in a rat model of normal rotator cuff. Methods: Thirty-nine male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into groups 1 (no injection, n = 3), 2 (parecoxib, n = 18; 6 subgroups, n = 3 each; 0.5 mg/kg), and 3 (triamcinolone, n = 18; 6 subgroups, n = 3 each; 0.3 mg/kg). Groups 2 and 3 received subacromial injections 1–6 times once weekly for 6 weeks. The supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons and muscles were used for biomechanical and histological evaluation. The subacromial bursa was used to analyze the prostaglandin E2 (PEG2) level. Results: In the biomechanical test, load-to-failure and ultimate stress decreased in groups 2 and 3 with repeated injections and the values were significantly lower in group 3 than in group 1 only at the sixth injection (p = 0.007 and p = 0.008, respectively). On the Bonar score, the cellularity, ground substance, and total score were significantly different among the 3 groups at the fifth and sixth injections (cellularity: p = 0.028 and p = 0.033, ground substance: p = 0.018 and p = 0.006, and total score: p = 0.029 and p = 0.027, respectively). The myocyte cross-sectional area of the infraspinatus muscle showed a significant difference among the 3 groups at the third and fourth injections (p = 0.031 and p = 0.020, respectively). The PEG2 level in the subacromial bursa was significantly different among the 3 groups at the third, fifth, and sixth injections (p = 0.019, p = 0.004, and p = 0.004, respectively). Conclusions In the rat model of normal rotator cuff, repeated local injections of the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor showed fewer negative effects on the biomechanical and histological properties of the normal tendon than triamcinolone.

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence ratio of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in the Asian population. Methods: Systematic searches of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for population-based studies in Asia published until August 5, 2022. We conducted a meta-analysis for PACG to POAG prevalence ratio using inverse variance–weighted random-effects meta-analyses so as to combine the study-specific measures of association. Between-study outcome variation (i.e., heterogeneity) was quantified with the I2 statistic. The multiple meta-regression analyses were performed in order to further account for the reasons for heterogeneity. Results: Twenty studies, with a total study population of 52,522 individuals, had been conducted in 13 countries. The pooled PACG to POAG prevalence ratio was 2.204 (95% confidence interval, 1.617–3.004) with high heterogeneity (p < 0.001). In multiple meta-regression model, prevalence of POAG is the most important predictor for heterogeneity (model importance, 0.954), followed continent (0.508), and publication year (0.222). For every additional elevation of POAG prevalence (i.e., increase of 1.0%), the PACG to POAG prevalence ratio is expected to rise by 0.471. Conclusions We estimated the pooled PACG to POAG prevalence ratio in the Asian population. The POAG prevalence is the most important factor to determine the PACG to POAG prevalence ratio.

Purpose: To investigate the relative risks (RRs) for dementia among individuals with glaucoma. Methods: We conducted a search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane databases for observational cohort studies examining the association between glaucoma and dementia until March 2023. Two authors independently screened all titles and abstracts according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Pooled RR and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were generated using random-effect models. Results: The meta-analysis included 18 cohort studies conducted in eight countries and involving 4,975,325 individuals. The pooled RR for the association between glaucoma and all-cause dementia was 1.314 (95% CI, 1.099–1.572; I2 = 95%). The pooled RRs for the associations of open-angle glaucoma with Alzheimer dementia and Parkinson disease were 1.287 (95% CI, 1.007–1.646; I2 = 96%) and 1.233 (95% CI, 0.677–2.243; I2 = 73%), respectively. The pooled RRs for the associations of angle-closure glaucoma with all-cause dementia and Alzheimer dementia were 0.978 (95% CI, 0.750–1.277; I2 = 17%) and 0.838 (95% CI, 0.421–1.669; I2 = 16%), respectively. No evidence of publication bias was detected in the Begg-Mazumdar adjusted rank correlation test (p = 0.47). Conclusions Based on current observational cohort studies, there is evidence supporting that glaucoma is a risk factor for dementia in the adult population.

This report provides a detailed description of the methodology for ophthalmic examinations according to the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) VII and VIII (from 2017 to 2021). The KNHANES is a nationwide survey which has been performed since 1998 in representatives of whole Korean population. During the KNHANES VII and VIII, in addition to the ophthalmic questionnaire, intraocular pressure measurement, visual field test, auto refractometry, axial length and optical coherence tomography measurements were included. This new survey will provide not only provide normative and pathologic ophthalmic data including intraocular pressure, refractive error, axial length, visual field and precise measurement of anterior segment, macula and optic nerve with optical coherence tomography, but also a more accurate diagnosis for major adult blindness diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and other ocular diseases, for the national Korean population.

Purpose: To investigate the clinical features of non-affected fellow eyes in patients with unilateral facial port-wine stain (PWS) and ipsilateral secondary glaucoma. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the medical records of 35 patients with unilateral facial PWS glaucoma and those of controls (35 subjects without both facial PWS and glaucoma) between September 1996 and May 2020. We noted patients’ age at the glaucoma diagnosis (for unilateral facial PWS glaucoma patients) or at the initial examination (for controls), cup-to-disc ratio (CDR), and intraocular pressure (IOP). We compared the clinical features between the glaucoma-free eyes in patients with unilateral facial PWS glaucoma and the controls. Results: The mean age at the glaucoma diagnosis for unilateral facial PWS glaucoma patients was 0.56 ± 0.99 years (range, 0.08-4). The mean IOP of the glaucoma-free eyes was 16.68 ± 5.73 mmHg (range, 9-22.9), and the mean CDR was 0.37 ± 0.14 (range, 0.15-0.80) at glaucoma diagnosis. The mean IOP of the glaucoma-free eyes was 14.14 ± 6.29 mmHg (range, 8.1-26.7), and the mean CDR was 0.37 ± 0.12 (range, 0.26-0.82) at final examination. When comparing glaucoma-free eyes of the unilateral facial PWS glaucoma patients with the control group (mean age, 11.2 ± 7.4 years), the mean CDR was significantly greater (0.37 ± 0.12 vs. 0.30 ± 0.08; p = 0.014) but there was no significant difference in the mean IOP (14.14 ± 6.29 mmHg vs. 14.57 ± 2.49 mmHg; p = 0.712). Conclusions The glaucoma-free eyes of unilateral facial PWS glaucoma patients showed greater CDR compared to the non-facial PWS and non-glaucoma controls. Additional longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the clinical course of those eyes, whether the risk of developing glaucoma is increased.

This report provides a detailed description of the methodology for ophthalmic examinations according to the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) VII and VIII (from 2017 to 2021). The KNHANES is a nationwide survey which has been performed since 1998 in representatives of whole Korean population. During the KNHANES VII and VIII, in addition to the ophthalmic questionnaire, intraocular pressure measurement, visual field test, auto refractometry, axial length and optical coherence tomography measurements were included. This new survey will provide not only provide normative and pathologic ophthalmic data including intraocular pressure, refractive error, axial length, visual field and precise measurement of anterior segment, macula and optic nerve with optical coherence tomography, but also a more accurate diagnosis for major adult blindness diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and other ocular diseases, for the national Korean population.

BACKGROUND: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients need parenteral nutrition because of nausea, vomiting, and mucositis caused by conditioning regimens. The demand for glutamine increases during the HSCT period. We evaluated the effects of glutamine-containing parenteral nutrition on the clinical outcomes of HSCT patients. METHODS: In this retrospective analysis, we reviewed HSCT patients from Seoul National University from August 2013 to July 2017. Depending on their glutamine supplementation status, 91 patients were divided into 2 groups: glutamine group (N=44) and non-glutamine group (N=47). We analyzed the rate of weight change, infection (clinically/microbiologically documented), complications (duration of mucositis and neutropenia, acute graft versus host disease), and 100-days mortality in each group. RESULTS: Regarding the clinical characteristics of the patients, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups except that there was a larger proportion of myeloablative conditioning regimen in the glutamine group (P=0.005). In the glutamine group, the average number of days of glutamine use, parenteral nutrition, and mucositis was 7.6±1.4, 14.6±9.9, and 13.3±9.5, respectively. Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed odds ratios of 0.37 (95% CI, 0.14–0.96; P=0.042) and 0.08 (95% CI, 0.01–0.98; P=0.048) for clinically documented infection and 100-days mortality, respectively, in the glutamine group. CONCLUSION: Results showed that the glutamine group had less clinically documented infection and 100-days mortality than the non-glutamine group, but the other outcomes did not show significant differences. The extended duration of glutamine supplementation according to the period of total parenteral nutrition and mucositis should be considered.
Adult ; Glutamine ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Humans ; Mortality ; Mucositis ; Multivariate Analysis ; Nausea ; Neutropenia ; Odds Ratio ; Parenteral Nutrition ; Parenteral Nutrition, Total ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Transplants ; Vomiting