BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It is necessary to establish the most efficient diagnostic and therapeutic method for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), which is appropriate for Korean healthcare system. We aimed to evaluate current state of Korean clinician's diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for BPPV. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 16-item survey was emailed to the members of dizziness department of Otology Research Interest Group in the Korean Otologic Society (n=68). 43 were returned and analyzed. RESULTS: All respondents (100%) used Dix-Hallpike test as a diagnostic tool for vertical canal-BPPV. Supine roll test was used for diagnosing lateral canal BPPV in nearly all the respondents (97.7%). Epley maneuver was chosen as otolith repositioning maneuver (ORM) for posterior canal BPPV in all respondents and barbecue rotation (BBQ) was used for treating lateral canal BPPV with geotropic nystagmus in 95.3% of respondents. Extreme variation was noted for therapeutic approach of lateral canal BPPV with ageotropic nystagmus BBQ, with 4 kinds of ORM and adjunctive measures to liberate otolith from cupula, while BBQ was again the most commonly used ORM (76.7%). CONCLUSION: The development of practical and efficient ORM for lateral canal BPPV with ageotropic nystagmus is necessary.
Surveys and Questionnaires ; Delivery of Health Care ; Dizziness ; Electronic Mail ; Korea ; Otolaryngology ; Otolithic Membrane ; Public Opinion ; Vertigo

Dentists ; Drainage ; Emergencies ; Fractures, Bone ; Humans ; Multiple Trauma ; Periodontal Diseases ; Replantation ; Root Resorption ; Social Control, Formal ; Tooth ; Tooth Avulsion ; Tooth Replantation

This study was carried out to examine the proportion of fatty acids and contents of trans fatty acid in commercial processed foods in Jeon-Buk area. Contents of trans fatty acid in bakery products ranged from 0.2% to 1.0% per 100 g food. Especially garlic bread and pastry contained the highest amount. Popcorns contained trans fatty acid from 0.0% to 13.4%. Among them, instant popcorns for microwave contained the highest amount, while trans fatty acid was hardly detected in popcorns for theater. And trans fatty acid detected in popcorns was mostly in the form of 18 : 1 trans. The content of trans fatty acid in pizza was nearly 0.2%. Amounts of saturated fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acid were similar between each type of pizza and frozen pizza. Fritters such as fried chickens and vegetables contained trans fatty acid less than 0.2% per 100 g food.
Bread ; Chickens ; Fatty Acids ; Garlic ; Microwaves ; Vegetables

We experienced a rare case of trachea diverticula combined with the sequela of tuberculosis and a fungus ball. The patient had complained of coughing and hemoptysis for a long time after experiencing tuberculosis. He was admitted due to hemoptysis and the aggravation of coughing. The CT scan showed a variable sized trachea diverticula combined with tuberculosis sequela and a fungus ball in the right lung fields. The diagnosis was made by bronchoscopy and a CT scan. After bronchial artery embolization and conservative treatment, the patient's symptoms improved and the patient was discharged.
Bronchial Arteries ; Bronchoscopy ; Cough ; Diagnosis ; Diverticulum* ; Fungi* ; Hemoptysis* ; Humans ; Lung ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Trachea ; Tuberculosis*

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine daytime sleepiness-related factors, including sleeping patterns and daytime activities, in shift and non-shift workers. METHODS: One hundred and twenty two shift workers, and two hundred and fifty four non-shift workers, were selected and identified in terms of their general characteristics, such as age, tenure, educational level, marital status and religion. Screening questionnaires were composed of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) for evaluation of daytime sleepiness, the Multidimensional Fatigue Scale (MFS) for fatigue, and the Korean version of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) for sleeping patterns. RESULTS: The shift worker group reported significantly higher rates of sleep disturbance and higher fatigue scores compared with the non-shift workers (all p<0.01). The prevalence of daytime sleepiness was higher in the shift workers (19.7%) than the non-shift workers (10.6%) (p<0.05). The significant daytime sleepiness-related factors were found to be shift work, tenure and difficulties in falling back to sleep once woken (p<0.05). Shift work was proved to be an important factor in workers aged less than 40 years (p<0.05). However, this association was not evident in workers aged 40 years and over. CONCLUSIONS: The shift workers showed a significantly higher prevalence of daytime sleepiness compared with the non-shift workers. The present study suggests a need for the implementation of sleeping and fatigue management programs for shift workers in order to improve working efficiency and control safety accidents during shift work.
Adult* ; Fatigue* ; Humans ; Male* ; Marital Status ; Mass Screening ; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) ; Prevalence ; Questionnaires

In view of the high prevalence rate of bovine leukemia virus (BLV)infections in cattle over the entire country, a large dairy farm in Chungnam province was chosen and 'test and segregate' program was instituted. On July 1999, ELISA test was performed on 491 animals on the farm and only 163 cattle (139 adult cows, 18 female and 6 male calves)were BLV-seronegative. From February 2000 through April 2004, the seronegative group was placed in barns 1,500 to 2,000 m from seropositive group and thereafter tested at 3-to 5-month intervals by ELISA. Animals seroconverted in consecutive tests were removed from the seronegative group immediately after the detection of anti-BLV antibodies. The changes in management were aimed at preventing iatrogenic transfer of blood between cattle. Replacement heifers imported from other countries and calves born at the farm were repeatedly tested by ELISA, and only seronegative animals were introduced into the group. As of April 2004, there were 311 cattle in the BLV seronegative group of the farm. Twent y four cows of the initial 139 adult cows were seroconverted in 2000, and no seropositive animals were found since February 2001. Follow up of the group, from which all seropositive cattle were moved to a separate location, revealed no recurrence of BLV infection for three years. The approach in the present study might be valuable for Korean producers who would like to move toward a BLV-negative status.
*Animal Husbandry ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/*blood ; Cattle ; Enzootic Bovine Leukosis/*prevention&control ; Female ; Korea ; Leukemia Virus, Bovine/*isolation&purification ; Male ; Prevalence

Aerococcus viridans, a catalase-negative gram-positive coccus rarely causing bacteremia, was isolated from blood cultures of a 52-yr-old man under the gran-ulocytopenic condition. The isolate showed the typical characteristics of A. viridans, i.e., tetrad arrangements in gram stain, positive pyrrolidonyl aminopeptidase (PYR) and negative leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) reactions, and no growth at 45 degrees C.The isolate was revealed to be highly resistant to penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, and ceftriaxone, although most strains of A. viridans isolated from the previously reported patients were susceptible to penicillin and other commonly used antibiotics. Even though A. viridans is rarely associated with human infections, it could be a potential causative agent of bacteremia, especially in immunocompromised patients.
Agranulocytosis/*complications/microbiology/physiopathology ; Bacteremia/*complications/microbiology/physiopathology ; Ceftriaxone/pharmacology ; Clindamycin/pharmacology ; *Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Erythromycin/pharmacology ; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/*complications/microbiology/physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Penicillins/*pharmacology ; Streptococcaceae/*drug effects/isolation & purification

BACKGROUND: Although most of aerobic gram-positive bacilli have been considered to be contaminants, gram-positive bacilli should be identified to the species level if they are isolated from sterile body sites such as blood, and from adequately collected clinical specimens if they are the predominant organisms. However, identification of gram-positive bacilli are difficult due to the enormous diversity of these organisms and the small number of readily available commercial identification systems in clinical laboratories. Gram-positive bacilli and coccorods isolated from blood cultures were tested with BBL Crystal Gram-Positive (GP) Identification (ID) system in order to evaluate the system's usefulness of identifying these bacteria. METHODS: Thirty-seven stock strains of aerobic gram-positive bacteria isolated from blood cultures between October 1998 and November 1999 at Wonju Christian Hospital were simultaneously tested by BBL Crystal GP ID system and API system. Three kinds of API system (API Coryne, API 50 CHB, and API 20 Strep) were tested according to gram stain results. Gram-positive bacilli or gram-positive coccorods consecutively isolated from blood cultures from May to November in 2000 were identified by BBL Crystal GP ID system. RESULTS: Among the 37 stock strains of aerobic gram-positive bacteria, agreement rate of identification between Crystal GP ID system and API system were 88% to the genus level and 63% to the species level in Bacillus species, and 90% to the genus level in Corynebacterium species. The isolation rate of gram-positive bacteria from blood cultures from May to November in 2000 to the genus level were: Bacillus; 41.9%(18/43), Corynebacterium; 37.2%(16/43), and the other grampositive coccorods; 20.9%(9/43). CONCLUSIONS: Crystal GP ID system is a useful identification system which, when combined with basic microbiological tests, should lead to satisfactory identification results for gram-positive bacteria isolated from blood cultures.
Bacillus ; Bacteria ; Corynebacterium ; Gangwon-do ; Gram-Positive Bacteria*

BACKGROUND: Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the stomach has recently been defined as a distinct clinicopathologic entity, often associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Characteristics and treatment outcomes of 57 patients with gastric MALT lymphoma were analyzed. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 57 cases of gastric MALT lymphoma who underwent treatment with various modalities at Samsung Medical Center from Mar. 1995 to Jul. 2000 was performed. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 47 years (ranged from 22 to 75 years) and the ratio of males to females was 1.1:1. The presenting symptoms were abdominal pain, indigestion and GI bleeding. By Modified Ann Arbor system, stage IE accounted for 70.2%, stage II1E 14.0%, stage II2E 14.0%, and stage IV 1.8%, respectively. H. pylori had been evaluated histologically in 49 cases of which 81.6% was positive. Low grade histology accounted for 71.9% and high grade histology 28.1%. Treatment modalities included H. pylori eradication, surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and their combination therapy. In one case, the patient was observed without treatment. Complete remission rate was 98.2%. H. pylori eradication alone resulted in lymphoma regression successfully in 20 out of 23 patients. With median follow-up of 33 months (3-61 months), median survival was not reached. Overall 3 year survival rate was 94.7%. CONCLUSION: Regardless of treatment modality, high survival rate (3 year survival rate 94.7%) was obtained. H. pylori eradication was feasible and safe in the cases of low grade, stage I, and H. pylori-positive lymphoma, and allowed stomach preservation. Longer follow-up evaluation is required to determine the long-term efficacy and side effects of H. pylori eradication.
Abdominal Pain ; Drug Therapy ; Dyspepsia ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Helicobacter pylori ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Lymphoid Tissue ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone* ; Male ; Radiotherapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach ; Survival Rate

BACKGROUND: In recent years, the incidence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Klebsiella has been steadily increased, and the newer species K. planticola and K terrigena, formerly regarded as nonpathogen, have been reported with astonishing frequency from human infectious processes by some investigators. The aim of this study is to elucidate the isolation rate and antimicrobial susceptibility of recent clinical Klebsiella isolates. METHOD: For the clinical Klebsiella isolates during the period of June 1999 to May 2000, isolation frequency of Klebsiella species by specimen, departments, age, and sex were analyzed. And antimicrobial susceptibilities were also analyzed. RESULT: Isolation rate of Klebsiella in order of decreasing frequency were K. pneumoniae (74:7%), K. oxytoca (12.1%), K. ozaenae(1.7%), K. planticola(1.0%), K. terngena(0.9%), and K, ornithinolytica (0.7%), respectively. K. rhinoscleromatis was not isolated. Compared with outpatients, increase of resistance rates of inpatients's Klebsiella isolates were 10% in ciprofloxacin, 15% in cefoperazone/sulbactam, and the others were ranged from 24% to 31%. Isolation rate of ESBL producing K. pneumoniae by double disk (DD) synergy test was 41%, and detection rates by antimicrobial agents were as follows: cefotaxime (95%), aztreonam (58%), and ceftriaxone (37%). Antimicrobial susceptibility rate with the exception of ampicillin and imipenem decreased from the range of 81%-96% on admission day to 29-62% after one week on admission. CONCLUSION: The isolation rates of K. planticola and K. terrigena were less than 1%. The proportion of ESBL producing K. pneumoniae was 41 %. And the vast majority of multidrug resistant Klebsiella including ESBL producing strains are acquired by hospitalization.
Ampicillin ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Aztreonam ; beta-Lactamases ; Cefotaxime ; Ceftriaxone ; Ciprofloxacin ; Epidemiology* ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Imipenem ; Incidence ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Klebsiella* ; Outpatients ; Pneumonia ; Research Personnel