Background/Aims: This study aimed to determine changes in endoscopist-driven sedation practices 5 years after the first nationwide survey in 2014 by the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (KSGE). Methods: A 59-item survey covering current practices was electronically mailed to all members of the KSGE in 2019. Results: In total, 955 (12.8%) out of 7,486 questionnaires were returned. A total of 738 (77.7%) out of 955 respondents attended dedicated sedation education programs. The American Society of Anesthesiologists class was recorded by 464 (51.2%) out of 907 respondents. The recording rate was higher in respondents who completed sedation education (p=0.014) and worked in general or tertiary hospitals (p<0.001). Compared to that reported in the previous survey, the reported use of propofol was higher in 2019. The respondents had higher satisfaction scores for propofol-based sedation compared with midazolam monotherapy (p<0.001). The rates of oxygen supplementation (p<0.001) and oxygen saturation level monitoring (p<0.001) during sedative endoscopy were higher in 2019 than in the previous survey. A total of 876 (98.4%) out of 890 respondents reported a separate recovery bay, and 615 (70.5%) out of 872 respondents reported that personnel were assigned solely to the recovery bay. Conclusions Endoscopist-driven sedation and monitoring practices in 2019 were significantly different than those in 2014. The respondents favored propofol-based sedation and utilized oxygen supplementation and monitoring of O2 saturation more frequently in 2019 than in 2014.

In this study, we examined chewing frequency, eating rates, and food consumption volume according to the body mass index of male and female college students. Twenty-five male college students were divided into a normal weight male group (<23 body mass index, n=14) and an obese male group (> or =23 body mass index, n=11). Twenty-five female college students were divided into a normal weight female group (<23 body mass index, n=21) and an obese female group (> or =23 body mass index, n=4). Subjects were provided with abundant fried rice and allowed to consume it at their own pace. Chewing frequency, total mealtime, rate of eating, consumption volume, calorie intake, and the amount of one bite were measured. There were no significant differences in chewing frequency, total mealtime, rate of eating, consumption volume, calorie intake, and the amount of one bite between the normal and obese male groups. There were also no significant differences in chewing frequency, consumption volume, calorie intake, and the amount of one bite between the normal and obese female groups. However, the obese female group had a significantly shorter mealtime and significantly higher eating rate compared with the normal group. Thus, our study suggests that females who eat a meal for a longer time may reduce their food intake, consequently inducing body weight loss.
Bites and Stings ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Eating ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mastication ; Meals

No abstract available.

Bacillus licheniformis is an aerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming rod bacteria usually found in the environment. Infections with B. licheniformis are rare and usually associated with an immunocompromised state, trauma, and an indwelling catheter. We report a case of bacteremic B. licheniformis spondylitis following vertebroplasty in a patient with lung cancer.
Bacillus ; Bacteremia ; Bacteria ; Catheters, Indwelling ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Spondylitis ; Vertebroplasty

Placement of a pulmonary artery catheter is associated with various complications, including catheter knotting. Fluoroscopy can be used to visualize and confirm catheter knotting. Transesophageal echocardiography is readily available to detect knot formation in the operating room or intensive care unit. We present a case in which pulmonary artery catheter knotting was detected by transesophageal echocardiography. This method may be useful in the operating room or in the intensive care unit to identify the presence and location of catheter knotting.
Catheters ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal ; Fluoroscopy ; Intensive Care Units ; Operating Rooms ; Pulmonary Artery

OBJECTIVE: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a disease with specific psychologic and physical symptoms on luteal phase. Its incidence is variable in 20~80%, but its cause is not definitely proved. Because progesterone and estrogen affect the balance of the body mineral, the alteration of progestorone and estrogen in the patients with PMS may effect the imbalance of tissue mineral, that can induce the specific symptoms of PMS. This study examines the relationship between symptoms of PMS and mineral count by tissue mineral test. METHODS: Women who volunteered for the tissue mineral test completed MMDQ questionnaire and checked blood test for Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cu, Zn. The tissue mineral test used the hair not treated within 3 weeks and not washed within 3 hours. The hair was send to TEI for the analysis. We used SPSS (14.0) for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The MMDQ score of the normal Mg group is significantly higher than the high Mg group (22.5+/-17.8 vs. 13.9+/-11.1), and the behavioral disorder score of the normal Na group is significantly lower than the low Na group (2.2+/-1.7 vs. 3.4+/-2.2). The MMDQ score of the normal Cu group is significantly lower than abnormal group (15.7+/-11.9 vs. 24.9+/-16.9). CONCLUSIONS: Total score of MMDQ showed difference according to magnesium and copper concentrations in tissue, and scores of behavioral disorder was affected by sodium concentration of tissue. Additional study about cause and effect relationship is required.
Copper ; Estrogens ; Female ; Hair ; Hematologic Tests ; Humans ; Incidence ; Luteal Phase ; Magnesium ; Premenstrual Syndrome ; Progesterone ; Surveys and Questionnaire ; Sodium

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in hormone receptors of myoma cells and volume decrement of myoma after radiofrequency myolysis. METHODS: From 2005 January to 2006 January, thirty patients who have had high-frequency myolysis were included in this study. Needle aspiration biopsy was done at the central portion of myoma pre- and 6 months post-operation. Radiofrequency myolysis were done for 20 minutes until discoloration of myoma was accomplished to 80%. The stain intensity of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) was classified into "negative", "trace", "weak", "moderate" and "strong". RESULTS: The volume decrement was 96.4% in the group that showed trace to week stain intensity (under 50% stain intensity), but it decreased to 66.6% in the group that showed strong stain intensity (over 50%, moderate to strong)(P<0.05). ER showed moderate to strong positive response in 79% of patients before operation, but it showed negative to week response in 83% of patients after the operation. Also, PR showed moderate to strong positive response in 80% of patients before operation, but it showed negative to week response in 86% of patients after the operation. CONCLUSIONS: To coagulate entire myoma, we suggested that controlling the intensity of operation by lengthening the time or expanding the extent of operation was more effective in treatment, because the volume decrement of myoma was larger in case that ER and PR was under 50% before the operation.
Biopsy, Needle ; Estrogens ; Humans ; Leiomyoma ; Myoma ; Needles ; Receptors, Progesterone

Gall bladder of a common carp is taken in some areas of Asia as a traditional medicine for improvement of their general health problems like hypertension, poor visual acuity, and impotence. Many cases have been reported on acute hepatitis, acute renal failure, gastrointestinal problems and neurological symptoms following ingestion of raw carp bile juice. We experienced a case of anuric ARF, acute hepatitis, and rhabdomyolysis that developed after indigestion of raw carp bile juice, not yet seen in previous studies. In this case, anuric state of patient was resolved after 4 days with continuous renal replacement therapy. Thus we report this case with review of literature.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Asia ; Bile ; Carps ; Dyspepsia ; Eating ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Male ; Medicine, Traditional ; Renal Replacement Therapy ; Rhabdomyolysis ; Urinary Bladder ; Visual Acuity

Adenofibromas of the uterine cervix, which are classified as benign tumors of mixed epithelium and mesenchymal cells, are extremely rare. Most common symptom is usually abnormal genital bleeding. It is very difficult to diagnose preoperatively. Recommended method of treatment is total hysterectomy, because it usually recurs. We experienced a case of adenofibroma of the uterine cervix with increased CA125, so report it with a review of the literature.
Adenofibroma* ; Cervix Uteri* ; Epithelium ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Hysterectomy

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of the DNA ploidy, S-phase fraction to other clinicopathologic factors including age, stage, architecture grade, nuclear grade, lymph node involvement, myometrial invasion in patients with endometrial cancer. METHODS: A prospective analysis was performed on 66 endometrial cancer cases treated at our hospital from Jan. 2000 to Nov. 2004. Of these 66 cases, 41 cases were analyzed by flow cytometry. Fresh tissues for analysis were obtained by dilatation and curettage or surgery as hysterectomy. All specimens for histopathologic grading and stage were classified according to WHO criteria and FIGO stage. DNA ploidy groups were divided into two groups, diploidy and aneuploidy. Fraction more than 6% was classified as high percentage S-phase fraction (SPF). DNA ploidy and SPF were analyzed by flow cytometry in fresh surgical specimens from endometrial cancer. RESULTS: Of the 41 cases, 5cases were aneuploidy, and 16 cases were high percentage SPF. With regard to DNA ploidy and clinicopathologic prognostic factors, aneuploidy was significantly increased as stage, histological type, nuclear grade, architecture grade, and myometrial invasion increased. With regard to DNA ploidy and clinical prognostic factors, aneuploidy was not increased as age, lymph node involvement increased. With regard to SPF and clinicopathologic prognostic factors, high percentage SPF (>6%) was significantly increased as stage, histological type, and nuclear grade increased. With regard to SPF and clinicopathologic prognostic factors, high percentage SPF (>6%) was not increased as age, lymph node involvement, architecture grade, and myometrial invasion increased. CONCLUSION: The DNA ploidy by flow cytometry has shown to have a close relationship to stage, histological type, myometrial invasion, and nuclear and architecture grade. Also, the SPF has shown to have a close relationship to stage, histological type, and nuclear grade. Our results were consistent with the concept that aneuploidy or high percentage SPF could predict the poor prognosis of disease course. The flow cytometric DNA quantification in endometrial cancer may provide major information about tumor prognosis.
Aneuploidy ; Dilatation and Curettage ; Diploidy ; DNA* ; Endometrial Neoplasms* ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Lymph Nodes ; Ploidies ; Prognosis ; Prospective Studies