Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; pharmacokinetics ; therapeutic use ; urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Biological ; Radiation Dosage ; Radiation Monitoring ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; pharmacokinetics ; therapeutic use ; urine ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: The radioiodine ablation therapy is required for patients who underwent a total thyroidectomy. Through a comparative review of a low iodine diet (LID) and a restricted iodine diet (RID), the study aims to suggest guidelines that are suitable for the conditions of Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted with 101 patients. With 24-hour urine samples from the patients after a 2-week restricted diet and after a 4-week restricted diet, the amount of iodine in the urine was estimated. The consumed radioiodine amounts for 2 hours and 24 hours were calculated. RESULTS: This study was conducted with 47 LID patients and 54 RID patients. The amounts of iodine in urine, the 2-week case and 4-week case for each group showed no significant differences. The amounts of iodine in urine between the two groups were both included in the range of the criteria for radioiodine ablation therapy. Also, 2 hours and 24 hours radioiodine consumption measured after 4-week restrictive diet did not show statistical differences between two groups. CONCLUSION: A 2-week RID can be considered as a type of radioiodine ablation therapy after patients undergo a total thyroidectomy.
Ablation Techniques ; Adult ; Carcinoma/metabolism/*radiotherapy/surgery ; *Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Iodides/urine ; Iodine/administration & dosage/urine ; Iodine Radioisotopes/metabolism/*therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Republic of Korea ; Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism/*radiotherapy/surgery ; Thyroidectomy ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of Kaixin Powder (, KXP) on melatonin receptor (MR) expression and (125)I-Mel binding affinity in a depression rat model.

METHODSSeventy-two male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: a blank control group, model group, ramelteon group, KXP high-dosage group (HKXP), medium-dosage group (MKXP) and low-dosage group (LKXP). To establish the depression model, all groups except the blank control group were singly housed and exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress. Weight gain, sucrose consumption and the open-field test were used to evaluate induction of depression. KXP at 260, 130 and 65 mg/(kg•d) was also respectively administered to the rats in the HKXP, MKXP and LKXP groups for 21 days. Ramelteon [0.83 mg/(kg•d)] was given to the positive drug control group. An equivalent volume of physiological saline was given to the blank and model groups. The liquid chip method was used to measure the concentration of plasma melatonin (MT). Mel1a (MT1) and Mel1b (MT2) expression levels were determined by Western blotting. In addition, a radioactive ligand-binding assay was used to analyze the specific binding properties and dynamic characteristics between MR and (125)I-Mel.

RESULTSThe results of weight gain, sucrose consumption and the open-field test showed that our model successfully produced depressive symptoms and depressive-like behavior. The concentration of plasma MT in the model group decreased significantly at night but increased in the MKXP group (P<0.05). The HKXP group showed significantly increased expression of MT1 (P<0.05); however, the expression of MT2 in all groups exhibited no significant differences (P>0.05). The maximum binding capacity (B(max)) for specific binding between MR and 125I-Mel in the MKXP group was significantly higher than that in the model group (P<0.05), but no significant differences were found in the equilibrium dissociation constant (K(d)) of each group (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSKXP may have a similar effect as ramelteon. KXP improved depressive-like behavior by increasing the concentration of plasma MT and MT1 expression, thereby increasing three B(max) of MR to achieve the desired antidepressant effect.

Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Depression ; blood ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drinking Behavior ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Indenes ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; Male ; Melatonin ; blood ; metabolism ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Melatonin ; genetics ; metabolism ; Weight Gain ; drug effects

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and it has a poor prognosis and few therapeutic options. Radiotherapy is one of the most effective forms of cancer treatment, and P53 protein is one of the key molecules determining how a cell responds to radiotherapy. The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic efficacy of iodine-131 in three human HCC cell lines. METHODS: Western blotting was used to measure P53 expression. The effects of radiotherapy with iodine-131 were assessed by using the clonogenic assay to evaluate cell survival. Flow cytometry was carried out to examine the effects of iodine-131 on cell death, oxidative stress, reduced intracellular glutathione expression, the mitochondrial membrane potential, and the cell cycle. RESULTS: The P53 protein was not expressed in Hep3B2.1-7 cells, was expressed at normal levels in HepG2 cells, and was overexpressed in HuH7 cells. P53 expression in the HuH7 and HepG2 cell lines increased after internal and external irradiation with iodine-131. Irradiation induced a decrease in cell survival and led to a decrease in cell viability in all of the cell lines studied, accompanied by cell death via late apoptosis/necrosis and necrosis. Irradiation with 131-iodine induced mostly cell-cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that P53 plays a key role in the radiotherapy response of HCC.
Apoptosis/*radiation effects ; Blotting, Western ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism/pathology/radiotherapy ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints/radiation effects ; *Gamma Rays ; Glutathione/metabolism ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Iodine Radioisotopes/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Liver Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology/radiotherapy ; Phosphorylation ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/*metabolism

No abstract available.
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/diagnostic use ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Individualized Medicine/*methods ; Iodine Radioisotopes/*therapeutic use ; Molecular Imaging/methods ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Symporters/biosynthesis/*metabolism ; Thyroid Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*genetics ; Tumor Microenvironment

We evaluated the efficacy of recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH) versus thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW) prior to radioiodine remnant ablation (RRA) in thyroid cancer. A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS was performed. Randomized controlled trials that compared ablation success between rhTSH and THW at 6 to 12 months following RRA were included in this study. Six trials with a total of 1,660 patients were included. When ablation success was defined as a thyroglobulin (Tg) cutoff of 1 ng/mL (risk ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.96-1.03) or a Tg cutoff of 1 ng/mL plus imaging modality (RR 0.97; 0.90-1.05), the results of rhTSH and THW were similar. There were no significant differences when ablation success was defined as a Tg cutoff of 2 ng/mL (RR 1.03; 0.95-1.11) or a Tg cutoff of 2 ng/mL plus imaging modality (RR 1.02; 0.95-1.09). When a negative 131I-whole body scan was used solely as the definition of ablation success, the effects of rhTSH and THW were not significantly different (RR 0.97; 0.93-1.02). Therefore, ablation success rates are comparable when RRA is prepared by either rhTSH or THW.
Catheter Ablation ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Databases, Factual ; Humans ; Iodine Radioisotopes/*therapeutic use ; Radiopharmaceuticals/*therapeutic use ; Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics/therapeutic use ; Risk ; Thyroglobulin/analysis/metabolism ; Thyroid Neoplasms/*drug therapy/ultrasonography ; Thyrotropin/genetics/metabolism/*therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Whole Body Imaging

OBJECTIVETo observe the influence of (99m)Tc-pertechnetate on radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) in patients with Graves' disease (GD) hyperthyroidism after thyroid scintigraphy.

METHODSTotally 40 patients in whom thyrotoxicosis was diagnosed at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2013 March to May were recruited, and RAIU were performed in all patients. Gamma-count rates at 1 h,25 h,49 h,73 h and 169 h were examined respectively after intravenous injection of 185 MBq (5mCi)of (99m)Tc-pertechnetate. The counts of (99m)Tc and (131)I as well as effective half-life of (99m)Tc (Teff (99m)Tc) were calculated respectively according to the half-life formula. The ratio of (99m)Tc to background counts (1200) was calculated as a reference value to evaluate biokinetics of (99m)Tc.The relationship between the effective half-life of (99m)Tc(Teff (99m)Tc) and the level of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and effective half-life of (131)I (Teff (131)I)were also evaluated.

RESULTSAfter intravenous injection of (99m)Tc-pertechnetate, (99m)Tc counts at 1h, 25h, 49h, 73h and 169h was (440.16±247.35)×10(4), (11.37±10.67)×10(4), (0.13±0.36)×10(4), (-0.1±0.19)×10(4), respectively, and the ratio of (99m)Tc to background at 1h, 25 h, and 49 h was 3668, 94.75, and 1.08, respectively. The Teff (99m)Tc was (4.41±0.49)h. Inverse correlations were noted between the effective half-life of Teff (131)I and level of FT3 (r=-0.503, P=0.003) and FT4 (r=-0.516, P=0.002), while no significant correlation was found between the Teff (99m)Tc and FT3, FT4 as well as the Teff (131)I.

CONCLUSIONSTeff (99m)Tc is 4.41h, (99m)Tc-pertechnetate thyroid imaging does not influence RAIU three days after injection of (99m)Tc-pertechnetate. Teff (99m)Tc shows no correlation with the thyroid hormone level and RAIU of Graves's hyperthyroidism.

Adult ; Female ; Graves Disease ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m ; Thyroid Gland ; diagnostic imaging ; Thyroxine ; analysis ; Triiodothyronine ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo study genome-wide gene expression changes in gastric cancer cells after iodine-125 ¹²⁵(I) particle irradiation.

METHODS¹²⁵I particles were used to irradiate three gastric cancer cell lines of various differentiation levels:high (BGC-823) , medium (AGS) and low (NCI-N87) .Whole-genome gene expression was investigated with microarray. The gene expression in iodine-125 irradiated and untreated cancer cells was compared, and the genes with transcript levels altered for at least 2 folds (P < 0.05) were selected. The change in gene expression levels was verified by using quantitative real-time (qRT) -PCR.

RESULTSThe three gastric cancer cell lines received the same dose rate of ¹²⁵I particle irradiation. Cluster analysis showed that the Gene Ontology (GO) categories did not change in the three cell lines, but changes in gene expression levels were evident for many genes. After ¹²⁵I particle irradiate NCI-N87 cells, 895 genes were up-regulated, 786 genes were down-regulated; AGS was irradiated by ¹²⁵I seed, there were 124 genes upregulated, 161 genes were down-regulated; BGC-823 cells were treated by ¹²⁵I seed irradiation, 2 412 genes upregulated, 3 243 downregulated genes. After ionizing radiation can cause very complex transcriptional regulation changes, KEGG pathway analysis shows that these differentially expressed genes overlap in a particular cell pathway. Four genes, TRAF3IP2-AS1, SDC1, RABL2B and NOM, were found having at least 2-fold difference in expression (P < 0.05) , and the gene expression alteration was confirmed by qRT-PCR.

CONCLUSIONS¹²⁵I particle irradiation caused gene expression changes in gastric cancer cells. The expressions of TRAF3IP2-AS1, SDC1, RABL2B and NOM are altered significantly in all three cell lines studied, indicating that these genes may play an important role in the ¹²⁵I seed treatment of gastric cancer. These genes could be potential targets for developing anti-cancer drugs in the future.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; radiation effects ; Humans ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; adverse effects ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

Although the prognosis of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is generally encouraging, a diagnostic dilemma is posed when an increasing level of serum thyroglobulin (Tg) is noted, without detection of a recurrent tumor using conventional imaging tools such as the iodine-131 whole-body scanning (the [131I] scan) or neck ultrasonography (US). The objective of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of [124I]-PET/CT and [18F]-FDG-PET/CT in terms of accurate detection of both iodine- and non-iodine-avid recurrence, compared with that of conventional imaging such as the [131I] scan or neck ultrasonography (US). Between July 2009 and June 2010, we prospectively studied 19 DTC patients with elevated thyroglobulin levels but who do not show pathological lesions when conventional imaging modalities are used. All involved patients had undergone total thyroidectomy and radioiodine (RI) treatment, and who had been followed-up for a mean of 13 months (range, 6-21 months) after the last RI session. Combined [18F]-FDG-PET/CT and [124I]-PET/CT data were evaluated for detecting recurrent DTC lesions in study patients and compared with those of other radiological and/or cytological investigations. Nine of 19 patients (47.4%) showed pathological [18F]-FDG (5/19, 26.3%) or [124I]-PET (4/19, 21.1%) uptake, and were classed as true-positives. Among such patients, disease management was modified in six (66.7%) and disease was restaged in seven (77.8%). In particular, the use of the described imaging combination optimized planning of surgical resection to deal with locoregional recurrence in 21.1% (4/19) of patients, who were shown to be disease-free during follow-up after surgery. Our results indicate that combination of [18F]-FDG-PET/CT and [124I]-PET/CT affords a valuable diagnostic method that can be used to make therapeutic decisions in patients with DTC who are tumor-free on conventional imaging studies but who have high Tg levels.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma/metabolism/*radionuclide imaging/surgery ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/chemistry/diagnostic use ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Iodine Radioisotopes/chemistry/diagnostic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck/ultrasonography ; Positron-Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography ; Prospective Studies ; Radiopharmaceuticals/chemistry/*diagnostic use ; Recurrence ; Thyroglobulin/blood ; Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism/*radionuclide imaging/surgery ; Thyroidectomy ; Whole Body Imaging

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility of using cartilage link protein of hyaluronic acid (HA-CLP) for defining the tumor boundary in a mouse model of lung carcinoma.

METHODSLung carcinoma was induced in KM mice by chemical carcinogenesis. HA-CLP separated from bovine cartilage and purified by affinity chromatography was labeled with (125)I for autoradiography. Immunohistochemical analysis and Western blotting were used to examine the efficiency of HA-CLP in defining the boundaries of the lung tumors.

RESULTSWith autoradiography, the clearest image of lung cancer was obtained at 2 h. With immunohistochemical method, the tumor boundary was the most clearly displayed at 2 h when the strongest signals of HA-CLP was detected; Western blotting also showed the clearest bands of HA-CLP at 2 h.

CONCLUSIONHA-CLP has the immunogenicity of HABP, and can efficiently indicate lung tumor boundary in autoradiography and immunohistochemistry.

Animals ; Autoradiography ; methods ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Female ; Hyaluronic Acid ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; Lung Neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; Male ; Mice ; Proteoglycans ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Radiotherapy, Image-Guided ; methods