OBJECTIVES: To investigate the expression of interleukin-37 (IL-37), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in children with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and their correlation with T cells. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 45 children with ITP (ITP group) who were admitted to Handan Central Hospital from January 2020 to April 2022, and 30 healthy children who underwent physical examination during the same period were included as the healthy control group. The mRNA expression levels of IL-37, VEGFA, and TGF-β1 and the levels of regulatory T cells (Treg) and helper T cells 17 (Th17) were measured before and after treatment, and the correlation between the mRNA expression levels of IL-37, VEGFA, and TGF-β1 and the levels of Treg, Th17, and Treg/Th17 ratio were analyzed. RESULTS: Compared with the healthy control group, the ITP group had a significantly higher mRNA expression level of IL-37 and a significantly higher level of Th17 before and after treatment, as well as significantly lower mRNA expression levels of VEGFA and TGF-β1 and significantly lower levels of Treg and Treg/Th17 ratio (P<0.05). After treatment, the ITP group had significant reductions in the mRNA expression level of IL-37 and the level of Th17 and significant increases in the mRNA expression levels of VEGFA and TGF-β1 and the levels of Treg and Treg/Th17 ratio (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that in the ITP group, the mRNA expression levels of IL-37 and TGF-β1 were negatively correlated with the levels of Treg and Treg/Th17 ratio (P<0.05) and were positively correlated with the level of Th17 (P<0.05) before and after treatment; the mRNA expression level of VEGFA was positively correlated with the levels of Treg and Treg/Th17 ratio (P<0.05) and was negatively correlated with the Th17 level (P<0.05) before and after treatment. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal expression levels of IL-37, VEGFA, and TGF-β1 may be observed in children with ITP, which is significantly associated with the imbalance of Treg/Th17 ratio. It is speculated that the cytokines such as IL-37, VEGFA, and TGF-β1 may be involved in the development and progression of ITP or may become important potential targets for the treatment of children with ITP. Citation:Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2023, 25(11): 1131-1136.
Child ; Humans ; Interleukins ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic ; Retrospective Studies ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism* ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; Th17 Cells/metabolism* ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1/genetics* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics*

Humans ; Interleukins ; Prognosis ; Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics*

Exanthema ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Interleukins/genetics* ; Mutation ; Psoriasis/genetics*

INTRODUCTION: To study the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in blood donor (BD), haemodialysis (HD) and intravenous drug user (IVDU) populations in Singapore and assess the IL28B polymorphism if HCV positive. METHODS: The BD population were healthy volunteers, the HD population were patients who were on haemodialysis for at least six months of follow-up between January 2009 and December 2014. IVDU population was from inmates at halfway houses who consented. RESULTS: Between 2011 and 2014, of 161,658 individuals who underwent screening prior to blood donation, 95 (0.059%) were positive for HCV. Of the 42 sera available, common genotypes (GTs) were GT-3 (47.6%) and GT-1 (31.0%). Of 1,575 HD patients, 2.2% were anti-HCV positive. The HCV GT distribution was HCV GT-1 (32.4%), HCV GT-3 (20.5%) and GT-6 (8.8%). 83 halfway house inmates were screened. Of the 47 IVDUs, 36.2% were anti-HCV positive with predominant GT-3 (%). IL28B polymorphism was noted to be CC predominantly 85.3%. CONCLUSION Prevalence of HCV infection has decreased in both the BD and HD populations. However, it remains high in the IVDU population. GT-1 remains the most common in the HD population; however, GT-3 infection is now more common among the BD population in Singapore. IL28B - CC is the predominant variant among the HCV-infected individuals in Singapore.
Acute Kidney Injury ; blood ; complications ; Adult ; Alleles ; Blood Donors ; Female ; Genotype ; Hepatitis C ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Interleukins ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Prevalence ; Renal Dialysis ; Singapore ; epidemiology ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous ; blood ; epidemiology ; Young Adult

Psoriasis (Ps) is an inflammatory skin disease caused by genetic and environmental factors. Previous studies on DNA methylation (DNAm) found genetic markers that are closely associated with Ps, and evidence has shown that DNAm mediates genetic risk in Ps. In this study, Consensus Clustering was used to analyze DNAm data, and 114 Ps patients were divided into three subclassifications. Investigation of the clinical characteristics and copy number variations (CNVs) of DEFB4, IL22, and LCE3C in the three subclassifications revealed no significant differences in gender ratio and in Ps area and severity index (PASI) score. The proportion of late-onset ( ≥ 40 years) Ps patients was significantly higher in type I than in types II and III (P = 0.035). Type III contained the smallest proportion of smokers and the largest proportion of non-smoking Ps patients (P = 0.086). The CNVs of DEFB4 and LCE3C showed no significant differences but the CNV of IL22 significantly differed among the three subclassifications (P = 0.044). This study is the first to profile Ps subclassifications based on DNAm data in the Chinese Han population. These results are useful in the treatment and management of Ps from the molecular and genetic perspectives.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; China ; Cornified Envelope Proline-Rich Proteins ; genetics ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; DNA Methylation ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Interleukins ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Psoriasis ; classification ; genetics ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult ; beta-Defensins ; genetics

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly infectious pathogen that can cause severe diseases in pigs and result in enormous economic losses in the worldwide swine industry. Previous studies revealed that PEDV exhibits an obvious capacity for modulating interferon (IFN) signaling or expression. The newly discovered type III IFN, which plays a crucial role in antiviral immunity, has strong antiviral activity against PEDV proliferation in IPEC-J2 cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of PEDV nucleocapsid (N) protein on type III IFN-λ. We found that the N proteins of ten PEDV strains isolated between 2013 and 2017 from different local farms shared high nucleotide identities, while the N protein of the CV777 vaccine strain formed a monophyletic branch in the phylogenetic tree. The N protein of the epidemic strain could antagonize type III IFN, but not type I or type II IFN expression induced by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) in IPEC-J2 cells. Subsequently, we demonstrated that the inhibition of poly(I:C)-induced IFN-λ3 production by PEDV N protein was dependent on the blocking of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) nuclear translocation. These findings might help increase understanding of the pathogenesis of PEDV and its mechanisms for evading the host immune response.
Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Animals ; Coronavirus Infections ; immunology ; veterinary ; virology ; Genes, Viral ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; immunology ; Interferons ; antagonists & inhibitors ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Interleukins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Nucleocapsid Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; physiology ; Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus ; genetics ; pathogenicity ; physiology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Swine ; Swine Diseases ; immunology ; virology

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanisms of interleukin-35 (IL-35) in inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS: BALB/c mice were divided into three groups with 10 mice in each group:control group, model group (oral administration of 4% glucan sodium sulfate for 7 d) and IL-35-treated group (oral administration of 4% glucan sodium sulfate for 7 d, intraperitoneal injection of 2 μg IL-35 at d2-5). Disease activity index (DAI) was scored every day. After 7 d, the mice were sacrificed, and the serum and intestinal tissue samples were collected. The gross morphology of the colon was observed; HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of colon tissue; flow cytometry was employed to detect the change of macrophage polarization ratio in colon tissue; the mRNA expression levels of cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10 and SHIP1 in colon tissue were determined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR; the expression and distribution of SHIP1 in colon tissue was measured by immunohistochemistry; Western blotting was adopted to detect the expression level of SHIP1 protein in colonic intestinal tissues of each group. RESULTS: The DAI scores of the mice in the model group were higher than those in the control group, while the DAI scores in the IL-35-treated group were lower than those in the model group (all <0.01). Compared with the control group, the colon length was significantly shortened in the model group (<0.05), while the colon length of the IL-35-treated group had an increasing trend compared with the model group, but the difference was not statistically significant (>0.05). Compared with the model group, microscopic inflammatory infiltration score was decreased and microscopic crypt destruction and score was significantly lower in IL-35-treated group (all <0.05). The relative expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ in the colon tissue of IL-35-treated group was decreased compared with the model group, while the relative expression of IL-10 mRNA was higher than that of the model group (all <0.05). Compared with the control group, the proportion of M1 macrophages in the model group increased (<0.05), while the proportion of M1 macrophages in the IL-35-treated group was lower than that in the model group (<0.05). The relative expression of SHIP1 mRNA and protein in the colon tissue of IL-35-treated group was higher than that in the model group (all <0.05). CONCLUSIONS IL-35 can inhibit the polarization of M1 macrophages and regulate inflammatory cytokines to promote anti-inflammatory effect on mice with colitis.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Colitis ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Colon ; drug effects ; Cytokines ; genetics ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Glucans ; pharmacology ; Interleukin-6 ; genetics ; Interleukins ; pharmacology ; Macrophages ; drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-Trisphosphate 5-Phosphatases ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between the expression of peripheral blood HLA-DR, CD4CD25 regulatory T cells, IL-17 and IL-27 with liver damage in children with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection.

METHODSTwenty-one HCMV children with liver damage and twenty-one HCMV children without liver damage were enrolled in this study. The expression of peripheral blood HLA-DR and CD4CD25 regulatory T cells was detected by flow cytometry. Plasma levels of IL-17 and IL-27 were measured using ELISA.

RESULTSThe plasma levels of IL-17 and IL-27 in children with liver damage were significantly higher than in those without liver damage, while the expression of peripheral blood CD4CD25 regulatory T cells was lower than in those without liver damage (P<0.05). Plasma IL-17 and IL-27 levels were negatively correlated with the expression of peripheral blood CD4CD25 regulatory T cells (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSImmune imbalance mediated by CD4CD25 regulatory T cells and over-expression of IL-17 and IL-27 may be involved in the pathogenesis of liver damage in children with HCMV infection.

CD4 Antigens ; immunology ; Cytomegalovirus ; physiology ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; blood ; complications ; genetics ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; HLA-DR Antigens ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans ; Infant ; Interleukin-17 ; blood ; genetics ; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit ; immunology ; Interleukins ; blood ; genetics ; Liver ; injuries ; metabolism ; Liver Diseases ; blood ; etiology ; immunology ; Male ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; immunology

OBJECTIVE: To date, only a few studies have investigated the relationships between genetic polymorphisms and external apical root resorption (EARR). Hence, the aim of this systematic review was to explore the relationship between different gene polymorphisms and their association with EARR. METHODS: A complete literature search was conducted by two independent reviewers. The PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus databases were searched. In addition, the bibliographies of all textbooks and relevant articles were searched manually. A meta-analysis was performed using data entered into the electronic databases until February 28, 2017. RESULTS: On the basis of the search, we identified 17 and 7 publications for the systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. Odds ratio (OR) was used to evaluate the association of the interleukin 1B (+3954) polymorphism and the risk of EARR. The overall OR from the studies was used to estimate the risk of EARR. However, no association was found and no publication bias was apparent for the risk of EARR in patients receiving orthodontic treatment. CONCLUSIONS: More research on the relationship between gene polymorphism and EARR is necessary to determine better specificity of possible interactions.
Genetics ; Humans ; Interleukins ; Odds Ratio ; Polymorphism, Genetic* ; Publication Bias ; Root Resorption* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tooth Movement

Metastasis is the leading cause of death in breast cancer patients. However, the mechanisms underlying metastasis are not well understood and there is no effective treatment in the clinic. Here, we demonstrate that in MMTV-PyMT, a highly malignant spontaneous breast tumor model, IL-25 (also called IL-17E) was expressed by tumor-infiltrating CD4 T cells and macrophages. An IL-25 neutralization antibody, while not affecting primary tumor growth, substantially reduced lung metastasis. Inhibition of IL-25 resulted in decreased type 2 T cells and macrophages in the primary tumor microenvironments, both reported to enhance breast tumor invasion and subsequent metastasis to the lung. Taken together, our data suggest IL-25 blockade as a novel treatment for metastatic breast tumor.
Animals ; Antibodies, Neoplasm ; pharmacology ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; pharmacology ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-17 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; immunology ; Interleukins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; immunology ; Macrophages ; immunology ; pathology ; Mammary Neoplasms, Animal ; drug therapy ; genetics ; immunology ; Mice ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Tumor Microenvironment ; drug effects ; genetics ; immunology