Adult ; Aged ; Antifungal Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; classification ; Candida ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Carcinoma ; pathology ; therapy ; Cross Infection ; microbiology ; therapy ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Fungal ; Female ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycoses ; microbiology ; therapy ; Patient Care Management ; methods ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; complications ; therapy ; Surgical Wound Infection ; microbiology ; therapy ; Symptom Flare Up ; Treatment Outcome

Pain and itch are unpleasant sensations that often accompany infections caused by viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal pathogens. Recent studies show that sensory neurons are able to directly detect pathogens to mediate pain and itch. Nociceptor and pruriceptor neurons respond to pathogen-associated molecular patterns, including Toll-like receptor ligands, N-formyl peptides, and bacterial toxins. Other pathogens are able to silence neuronal activity to produce analgesia during infection. Pain and itch could lead to neuronal modulation of the immune system or behavioral avoidance of future pathogen exposure. Conversely, pathogens could modulate neuronal signaling to potentiate their pathogenesis and facilitate their spread to other hosts. Defining how pathogens modulate pain and itch has critical implications for sensory neurobiology and our understanding of host-microbe interactions.
Animals ; Humans ; Infection ; complications ; etiology ; pathology ; Neurons ; pathology ; Pain ; etiology ; pathology ; Pruritus ; etiology ; pathology

Wound sepsis is one of the main causes of death in patients with severe burn and trauma. The high incidence of burn wound sepsis in children is attributed to their imperfect immune system function, poor resistance against infection, and the weakened skin barrier function after burn. The key to reduce the mortality of pediatric patients with burn wound sepsis is to enhance the understanding of its etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnostic criteria, in order to improve its early diagnosis and treatment.
Burns ; complications ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Child ; Humans ; Sepsis ; diagnosis ; etiology ; mortality ; therapy ; Skin ; microbiology ; pathology ; Survival Rate ; Wound Infection ; mortality ; prevention & control ; therapy

INTRODUCTIONTendo Achilles (TA), which is the confluence of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, is one of the most commonly injured tendons. The surgical repair of TA ruptures is associated with a significant risk of infection. This study examined several factors (i.e. gender, age, body mass index, history of diabetes mellitus, steroid use, acute or chronic TA injuries, type of surgical incision and type of sutures used) that may be associated with postoperative wound infection after open TA repair.

METHODSThis was a retrospective study involving 60 patients who underwent open TA repair over an 18-month period. Patients who had prior TA surgery or open TA injuries, or who needed soft tissues flaps were excluded.

RESULTSAmong the patients, 7 (11.7%) developed superficial wound infections that were successfully treated with oral antibiotics, while 3 (5.0%) developed deep wound infections that required at least one debridement procedure. No significant association was found between the risk of postoperative wound infection and gender, age, the presence of diabetes mellitus, acute or chronic ruptures, site of surgical incision and type of deep or superficial sutures used.

CONCLUSIONWhile diabetes mellitus and age did not appear to be associated with postoperative wound infections after open TA repair, obese patients were found to be two times more likely to develop a wound infection than normal-weight patients. The incidence of superficial wound infections in this study was similar to previously published results (11.7% vs. 8.2%-14.6%), but the incidence of deep infections was higher (5% vs. 1%-2%).

Achilles Tendon ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Body Mass Index ; Diabetes Complications ; Diabetes Mellitus ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture ; surgery ; Surgical Wound Infection ; prevention & control ; Suture Techniques ; Tendon Injuries ; Wound Healing

Most of palatal fistula occur from poor repairation of cleft palate, leaving an abnormal channel between mouth and nose. Palatal fistula can cause a series of complications, such as voice and hearing disorder, poor oral and nasal hygiene, psychological diseases and so on. However, hard palate fistula secondary to Leukemia infection is rarely seen, it hasn't been reported yet. We report one case with hard palate fistula and nasal septum perforation after Leukemia infection.
Fistula ; Humans ; Infection ; complications ; etiology ; Leukemia ; complications ; Nasal Septal Perforation ; etiology ; Nose ; Nose Diseases ; Oral Fistula ; etiology ; Palate, Hard ; pathology ; Postoperative Complications

Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infection ; complications ; Jugular Veins ; pathology ; Male ; Pharynx ; Rupture ; etiology

A falciform ligament abscess is a rare type of intra-abdominal abscess. A 2-yr-old male, who had omphalitis two months previously, presented with a fever and right upper quadrant abdominal pain. The ultrasound and CT scan showed an abdominal wall abscess located anterior to the liver, which was refractory to conservative management with percutaneous draninage and antibiotics. On the third recurrence, surgical exploration was performed and revealed an abscess arising from the falciform ligament; the falciform ligament was excised. A follow up ultrasound confirmed complete resolution of the abscess with no further recurrence.
Abdominal Abscess/*etiology/surgery ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infection/*complications ; Ligaments/*pathology/surgery ; Male ; Umbilicus/*pathology

Adult ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; metabolism ; HIV Enteropathy ; complications ; metabolism ; microbiology ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Mycobacterium avium Complex ; isolation & purification ; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection ; complications ; metabolism ; microbiology ; pathology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the main risk factors associated with intra-abdominal infection(IAI) following gastrectomy in gastric cancer patients.

METHODSCase-control study was used to investigate the clinical data of 1728 gastric carcinoma cases retrospectively by Logistic regressive analysis.

RESULTSUnivariate Logistic regressive analysis showed 16 factors, including age, malnutrition, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD), diabetes mellitus(DM), heart diseases, prothrombin time, lymphocyte count, tumor size, ascites, invasion to the adjacent organ, neoplasm TNM staging (UICC, 1997), methods of gastrectomy, blood loss, operative time, blood transfusion and extent of lymph nodal dissection,were associated with postoperative intra-abdominal infection. Binary Logistic regression analysis found that extent of lymph nodal dissection(N(2)(+) approximately N(3) and N(2)), invasion to the adjacent organ, DM, operative time, age and lymphocyte count were the independent risk factors associated with mortality.

CONCLUSIONNecessary interventions should be carried out to prevent IAI referring to above risk factors.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; Risk Factors ; Stomach Neoplasms ; microbiology ; pathology ; surgery ; Surgical Wound Infection ; etiology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo establish "an integrative therapy" of drainage and debridement on peripancreatic necrotizing infection (PPNI) with minimally invasive technique, and to detect its clinical effects.

METHODSThere were 17 patients who accepted ultrasound-guided percutaneous tube drainage combined with directly-viewed debridement with cholangioscopy from March 2006 to January 2008. Percutaneous puncture and catheter (6 - 8 F) drainage were adopted on the patients suffering from PPNI with B-us guidance, then the drainage sinus was expanded progressively from 8 F to 24 F in diameter with Cook fascia dilator by degrees, and the 22 F or 24 F tube was easily placed into the interior of PPNI instead of the prior catheter. So a better drainage effect was achieved. One week later, the necrotizing tissue of PPNI could be observed and debrided with choledochoscope under a directly-viewed way through the enlarged new sinus. Thus, with the continuous tube drainage and repeated debridement, the focus was absorbed and covered gradually.

RESULTSSeventeen cases accepted the mini-invasive therapy, 15 cases were saved finally with cure rate of 88.2%, and 2 cases conversion to laparotomy because of some technical reasons. The mean healing time was 73 days, and the mean hospitalization time was 57 days. Bleeding was occurred in 2 cases localized in sinus and the inside of PPNI, digestive tract fistula was detected in 2 cases, and these patients with the complications were cured under nonoperative management. All the patients were still alive with following-up, neither remains nor recurrence of the PPNI was found in our group.

CONCLUSIONSUltrasound-guided percutaneous tube drainage combined with directly-viewed debridement with cholangioscopy, as a mini-invasive therapy, could complete the goal-directed therapy of PPNI, meanwhile, realize the modern surgery ideal of damage control.

Adult ; Aged ; Debridement ; methods ; Drainage ; methods ; Endoscopy, Digestive System ; Female ; Humans ; Infection ; etiology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Necrosis ; etiology ; surgery ; Pancreatic Diseases ; etiology ; pathology ; surgery ; Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing ; complications ; surgery