Methods: The UBE approach targeted the ventral part of the superior articular process in the transforaminal UBE setup, specifically for upper lumbar disc herniation, with an approach angle of approximately 30º on the axial plane. Intraoperative navigation was employed to improve puncture accuracy for this relatively unfamiliar surgical technique. Navigation-assisted transforaminal UBE lumbar discectomy was performed on four patients presenting with back or leg discomfort due to disc herniation at the L1–L2 or L2–L3 levels. Results: All patients experienced symptom relief and were discharged on postoperative day 2. Conclusions Transforaminal UBE lumbar discectomy is a viable therapeutic option for upper lumbar paracentral disc herniation, which is typically associated with poor prognosis. Integrating navigation integration into this novel approach enhances precision and safety.

Methods: The UBE approach targeted the ventral part of the superior articular process in the transforaminal UBE setup, specifically for upper lumbar disc herniation, with an approach angle of approximately 30º on the axial plane. Intraoperative navigation was employed to improve puncture accuracy for this relatively unfamiliar surgical technique. Navigation-assisted transforaminal UBE lumbar discectomy was performed on four patients presenting with back or leg discomfort due to disc herniation at the L1–L2 or L2–L3 levels. Results: All patients experienced symptom relief and were discharged on postoperative day 2. Conclusions Transforaminal UBE lumbar discectomy is a viable therapeutic option for upper lumbar paracentral disc herniation, which is typically associated with poor prognosis. Integrating navigation integration into this novel approach enhances precision and safety.

Methods: The UBE approach targeted the ventral part of the superior articular process in the transforaminal UBE setup, specifically for upper lumbar disc herniation, with an approach angle of approximately 30º on the axial plane. Intraoperative navigation was employed to improve puncture accuracy for this relatively unfamiliar surgical technique. Navigation-assisted transforaminal UBE lumbar discectomy was performed on four patients presenting with back or leg discomfort due to disc herniation at the L1–L2 or L2–L3 levels. Results: All patients experienced symptom relief and were discharged on postoperative day 2. Conclusions Transforaminal UBE lumbar discectomy is a viable therapeutic option for upper lumbar paracentral disc herniation, which is typically associated with poor prognosis. Integrating navigation integration into this novel approach enhances precision and safety.

Traditional soft tissue Bankart repair has high failure rates in the setting of a critical glenoid bone defect in recurrent shoulder dislocation.Hence, coracoid transfer, particularly the Latarjet procedure, can be performed to reduce the recurrence. A commercialized guide can be used during the Latarjet procedure. On the other hand, it is difficult to handle the guide parallel to the glenoid articular surface because of the predetermined fixed direction of the guide, and the guide pin is so thin that it can be broken in the wrong direction of insertion. Screw holes can also be drilled using the free hand technique without a guide, but it is inaccurate in maintaining a parallel direction or constant spacing between the screw holes. This study devised an instrument by cutting a 3.5 mm locking compression plate used in fracture surgeries, and the Latarjet procedure was performed relatively easily.

The paper provides a comprehensive overview of the growth and development of Hwasun Neurosurgery at Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital over the past 18 years. As the first brain tumor center in Korea when it was established in April 2004, Hwasun Neurosurgery has since become one of the leading institutions in brain tumor education and research in the country. Its impressive clinical and basic research capabilities, dedication to professional education, and numerous academic achievements have all contributed to its reputation as a top-tier institution. We hope this will become a useful guide for other brain tumor centers or educational institutions by sharing the story of Hwasun Neurosurgery.

Objective: To develop an evidence-based guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia by adapting existing high-quality clinical guidelines with a view to improve the clinical symptoms and long-term quality of life of patients by providing appropriate management. Methods: This guideline was developed according to the ADAPTE methodology. The adaptation process included determining key health questions, systematically searching and screening guidelines, evaluating the quality and contents of these guidelines, deriving recommendations for key questions, and performing a peer review. The selection criteria for the guideline search were (1) evidence-based guidelines, (2) published within the last 5 years, and (3) written in English or Korean. Results: After evaluating the quality and content, we finally selected three guidelines for adaptation. The final output of the development process was 25 recommendations for 10 key questions. We adopted the Agency for Health Research Quality methodology and presented the level of evidence from levels I to IV. In addition, we defined the recommendation grades from grade A (strongly recommended) to D (no recommendation) based on the level of evidence and clinical significance of the recommendation. Conclusion The development and dissemination of the adapted guideline is expected to increase the certainty of medical decision making and improve the quality of medical care. Further studies on the effectiveness and applicability of the developed guideline are necessary.

Abdominal oblique muscle injuries are relatively common in professional baseball players and can result in substantial loss of playing time. It is usually caused by a sudden movement of the torso in sports involving repetitive activity requiring trunk rotation and it tend to occur on the contralateral side of the dominant arm. We report a unique case of sequentially occurred bilateral abdominal internal oblique muscle rupture in a right-handed professional baseball batter over two seasons. Each internal oblique rupture had a different mechanism of the injury, the non-dominant side occurred during bat swing and the dominant side during bent leg sliding. After rest and rehabilitation, each injury was recovered to play in about 1 month.

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a kidney disease characterized by hypertriglyceridemia, massive proteinuria, hypo-albuminemia and peripheral edema. Sinkihwan-gamibang (SKHGMB) was recorded in a traditional Chinese medical book named "Bangyakhappyeon ()" and its three prescriptions Sinkihwan, Geumgwe-sinkihwan, and Jesaeng-sinkihwan belong to Gamibang. This study confirmed the effect of SKHGMB on renal dysfunction in an NS model induced by puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN). The experimental NS model was induced in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats through injection of PAN (50 mg·kg^-1)via the femoral vein. SKHGMB not only reduced the size of the kidneys increased due to PAN-induced NS, but also decreased proteinuria and ascites. In addition, SKHGMB significantly ameliorated creatinine clearance, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen. SKHGMB relieved glomeruli dilation and tubules fibrosis in the glomeruli of the NS model. SKHGMB inhibited the protein and mRNA levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome including NLRP3, ASC, and pro-caspase-1 in NS rats. SKHGMB reduced the protein and mRNA levels of fibrosis regulators in NS rats. The results indicated that SKHGMB exerts protective effects against renal dysfunction by inhibiting of renal inflammation and fibrosis in NS rats.
Animals ; Kidney ; Male ; Nephrotic Syndrome/drug therapy* ; Proteinuria/metabolism* ; Puromycin Aminonucleoside/toxicity* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

In this report we present a case of disseminated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in a 79-year-old man affecting the bone, soft tissue, testis, and both kidneys, which are rarely affected sites. The formation of a large mass in the bone, soft tissue, and testis due to DLBCL is rarely seen nowadays. In this article, we describe the imaging findings and clinical significance of multifocal extranodal involvement in DLBCL, focusing on involvement of bone, soft tissue, and testis.

Purpose: Phosphorylated AKT1 (p-AKT1) at Ser473 is a functional isoform of AKT and a key component of the PI3K/mTOR/AKT pathway. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of p-AKT1 (Ser473) based on the molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Methods: To investigate the prognostic value of p-AKT1 (Ser473), we performed a retrospective chart review of patients with breast cancer. Data on p-AKT1 (Ser473) positivity, hormone receptor (HR) status, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression status, and other clinicopathological factors were obtained. Furthermore, the therapeutic effect of blocking p-AKT1 (Ser473) in breast cancer cells was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, cell apoptosis assay, apoptosis protein array, and western blot analysis. Results: A total of 3,044 patients were evaluated, and the median follow-up time was 43 (range: 0–125) months. In patients with HR-positive and HER2-positive disease, the p-AKT1 (Ser473)-positive group had worse disease-free survival (DFS) than the p-AKT1 (Ser473)-negative group (hazard ratio, 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–3.5; p = 0.024). In the multivariate analysis, p-AKT1 (Ser473) remained a significantly worse prognostic factor in patients with HR-positive/HER2-positive breast cancer (p = 0.03). There was no difference in DFS according to p-AKT1 (Ser473) status among patients with other breast cancer subgroups.In vitro analysis showed that blocking p-AKT1 (Ser473) levels enhanced trastuzumab-induced cell death in HR-positive/HER2-positive and p-AKT1 (Ser473)-positive breast cancer cells. Conclusion p-AKT1 (Ser473) is a prognostic marker for poor outcomes in patients with HRpositive/HER2-positive breast cancer and may have a potential value as a therapeutic target.