Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Betacoronavirus ; immunology ; Coronavirus Infections ; diagnosis ; Gold Colloid ; chemistry ; Humans ; Immunoassay ; methods ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Immunoglobulin M ; blood ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; diagnosis ; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic

To investigate whether accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon could be induced after repeated injection of mitoxantrone thermosensitive liposomes, LC-MS/MS and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to measure the concentration of mitoxantrone and the anti-polyethylene glycol (PEG) IgM levels in rat plasma, separately. The drug was rapidly cleared away after the second administration. The anti-PEG IgM was detected after the first dose which was neutralized quickly after the second dose. It is proved that repeated administration of mitoxantrone thermosensitive liposomes in rat caused the ABC phenomenon.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Immunoglobulin M ; blood ; Liposomes ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Mitoxantrone ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Polyethylene Glycols ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Diagnosis of scrub typhus is difficult because its symptoms are very similar to other acute febrile illnesses, such as leptospirosis, murine typhus, and other viral hemorrhagic fevers. To differentiate scrub typhus from other acute febrile diseases, a rapid and reliable serological diagnosis is important. We have developed a chimeric recombinant antigen cr56 and two other recombinant antigens, r21 and kr56, from various serotypes of Orientia tsutsugamushi. They were tested for the detection of antibodies against O. tsutsugamushi in the patient's serum samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and dot-blot analyses. As of conventional immunofluorescence assay (IFA), when the mixture of these three recombinant antigens was used, both sensitivity and specificity of the recombinant antigens were increased up to 98% in IgM and IgG at ELISA and dot blotting. Additionally, both sensitivity and specificity by detection of IgM and IgG antibodies at rapid diagnostic test (RDT), using the mixture of three antigens and gold conjugated antibodies, were 99%. Our results suggest the use of mixture of these recombinant antigen proteins in ELISA or RDT is suitable as a diagnostic test for scrub typhus.
Antibodies, Bacterial/blood/chemistry/immunology ; Antigens, Bacterial/diagnostic use/genetics/metabolism ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect ; Gold/chemistry ; Humans ; Immunoassay ; Immunoglobulin G/blood ; Immunoglobulin M/blood ; Orientia tsutsugamushi/immunology/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis/diagnostic use/genetics ; Scrub Typhus/*diagnosis ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Serotyping

BACKGROUND: The presence of lupus anticoagulants (LA) is a strong risk factor for thrombosis in antiphospholipid syndrome. We investigated the usefulness of addition of silica clotting time (SCT) to the pre-existing dilute Russell's viper venom test (dRVVT) for detection of LA. Also, we analyzed differences in the thrombotic features and the characteristics of antiphospholipid antibodies between dRVVT and SCT. METHODS: A total of 167 patients positive for LA or anti-cardiolipin (anti-CL) antibody and 76 healthy controls were enrolled. The dRVVT and SCT were used for detection of LA. Anti-CL, anti-beta2-glycoprotein I (anti-beta2 GPI) and anti-prothrombin (anti-PT) antibodies were measured using commercial ELISA kits. RESULTS: In detection of thrombosis, the sensitivity of the combined test of SCT and dRVVT was 56.4%, which was higher than that of dRVVT alone (46.2%) or SCT alone (23.1%). The specificity of the combined test (80.9%) was comparable to that of dRVVT (81.9%). Also, odds ratio for predicting thrombosis was higher in the combined test than in dRVVT or SCT alone. When normalized LA ratio of the two tests was compared, the group of patients with higher ratio of SCT showed significantly higher prevalence of recurrent abortion and higher positivity of IgG types of anti-CL, anti-beta2 GPI and anti-PT than the group with higher ratio of dRVVT. CONCLUSIONS: Addition of SCT to dRVVT can improve the detection sensitivity of thrombosis in LA test. And the high normalized LA ratio of SCT may be a useful parameter for detection of recurrent abortion.
Adult ; Aged ; Antibodies, Anticardiolipin/analysis ; Antibodies, Antiphospholipid/analysis ; Blood Coagulation Tests/*methods ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/analysis ; Immunoglobulin M/analysis ; Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor/*blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prothrombin/immunology ; Prothrombin Time/methods ; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Silicon Dioxide/*chemistry ; Thrombosis/diagnosis ; beta 2-Glycoprotein I/immunology

The antigen location of Cryptosporidium parvum, which stimulates antibody formation in humans and animals, was investigated using infected human sera. Immuno-electron microscopy revealed that antigenicity-inducing humoral immunity was located at various developmental stages of parasites, including asexual, sexual stages, and oocysts. The amount of antigen-stimulating IgG antibodies was particularly high on the oocyst wall. The sporozoite surface was shown to give stimulation on IgG and IgM antibody formation. Trophozoites implicated the lowest antigenicity to humoral immunity, both IgG and IgM, by showing the least amount of gold labeling. Immunogold labeling also provided clues that antigens were presented to the host-cell cytoplasm via feeder organelles and host-parasite junctions.
Animals ; Antibodies, Protozoan/*immunology ; Antigens, Protozoan/*analysis ; Cryptosporidium parvum/*chemistry/*immunology/ultrastructure ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/immunology ; Immunoglobulin M/immunology ; Mice ; Microscopy, Immunoelectron ; Sporozoites/chemistry/immunology/ultrastructure ; Staining and Labeling/methods ; Trophozoites/chemistry/immunology/ultrastructure

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of the mixed liquor of danshen and magnesium sulfate injection on inflammatory reaction caused by autoimmune response of rabbits with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation.

METHODSSixty rabbits were divided into blank group (10 rabbits), sham operation group (10 rabbits), model group (40 rabbits) according to method of random digits table. Then model group was divided into made group (group A, 10 rabbits), normal saline group (group B, 10 rabbits), aescin natrium group (group C, 10 rabbits) and danshen and magnesium sulfate injection group (group D,10 rabbits). After model success of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation, different drugs were given to rabbits with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation by ear margin vein. The rabbits of the group C,B,D were respectively given aescin natriu (0.5 mg/kg), normal saline (5 ml/kg), danshen and magnesium sulfate injection (2.0 mg/kg). The rabbits of blank group, sham operation group and group A were not given any disposal. The IgG and IgM level in serum of different groups were determined with ELISA method in fourteen day after model success and drugs given.

RESULTSThe level of IgG and IgM in the group A was higher than that of blank group and sham operation group (P < 0.05). The level of IgG and IgM in the group D was lower than that of group B,C (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe mixed liquor of danshen () and magnesium sulfate injection could inhibit inflammatory reaction caused by autoimmune response of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation,which provides a new alternative for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Immunoglobulin M ; blood ; Injections ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; blood ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Magnesium Sulfate ; administration & dosage ; Male ; Phenanthrolines ; administration & dosage ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry

BACKGROUND: Fitz-Hugh-Curtis (FHC) syndrome is inflammation of the liver capsule associated with pelvic inflammatory disease. We measured Chlamydia trachomatis antibodies in 30 female patients with acute abdominal pain for diagnosis of FHC-syndrome, and the results were compared with other tests. METHODS: A dual-polymerase chain reaction was used for the detection of C. trachomatis in the cervix, and a micro-immunofluorescence test was performed to measure the antibody to C. trachomatis in serum. Cervical specimens were stained with Gram stain and cultured on chocolate agar for detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and abdominal computed tomography (CT) and pelvic examinations were performed. RESULTS: Of the 30 patients examined, 19 were diagnosed as having FHC-syndromes and 11 abdominal pains without FHC-syndrome. C. trachomatis was detected from one of the five patients studied, and no N. gonorrhoeae was isolated from the patients with FHC-syndrome. High titers of IgG antibody (1:512-1:1,024) to C. trachomatis were demonstrated in all patients with FHC-syndrome. The CT scan revealed perihepatitis in 14 patients with FHC-syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: All patients with FHC-syndrome are associated with C. trachomatis infections, and a high titer of C. trachomatis antibody (IgG) is a very useful marker for FHC-syndrome.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antibodies, Bacterial/*analysis ; Cervix Uteri/chemistry ; Chlamydia Infections/*diagnosis/microbiology ; Chlamydia trachomatis/*immunology/isolation & purification ; Female ; Hepatitis/diagnosis ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/analysis ; Immunoglobulin M/analysis ; Middle Aged ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease/complications/*diagnosis ; Syndrome ; Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the therapeutic effect and possible mechanism of total panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to observe its safety and influence on RA immune related inner environment.

METHODSEighty-four patients were randomly assigned to two groups. All were treated with the routine therapy with diclofenac sodium, Leflunomide and prednisone, but for the 43 patients in the treatment group PNS was given additionally. The therapeutic course was 28 days for both groups. Clinical efficacy and change of indexes including platelet counts, immnuoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM), complement (C)3, rheumatoid factor (RF), C-reactive protein (CRP), ceruloplasmin (CER), haptoglobin (HPT), and alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) were observed.

RESULTSSignificant improvement of clinical symptoms, including the joint swelling index, joint tenderness index, joint pain index, time of morning stiffness and VAS revealed in both groups after treatment, and the effect in the treatment group was better (P<0.05 or P<0.01). PLT, CER, AAG, HPT, CRP, IgG, IgA, IgM, C3 and RF were lowered in both groups (P<0.01), but the lowering in PLT, CER, AAG and CRP in the treatment group was more significant than that in the control group respectively (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONPNS can significantly improve the condition of patients, enhance the therapeutic effect in treating RA, through regulating the disordered immunity and improving the effect of anti-inflammatory and analgesia.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; therapeutic use ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; therapeutic use ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Diclofenac ; therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; blood ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Immunoglobulin M ; blood ; Isoxazoles ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; Phytotherapy ; Prednisone ; therapeutic use ; Rheumatoid Factor ; blood ; Saponins ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVES: Purpose of this study was to investigate physiological and neurocognitive effects of total sleep deprivation by using laboratory blood tests and the computerized neurocognitive function test in healthy subjects. METHODS: Sixteen healthy volunteers participated in this study. Subjects were recommended to remain awake for 48 hours under continuous surveillance. Lab tests of cortisol, prolactin, thyroid hormone, growth hormone, and immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE), CBC, BC and the Vienna test were performed before and after 48 hours of total sleep deprivation. RESULTS: Concentration of T3 and T4 significantly increased after deprivation. In the reaction test, distribution reaction time significantly increased, and correct reaction significantly decreased. In the vigilance test, amount of correct reaction significantly decreased, and the mean value of correct reaction time was significantly delayed. Level of fasting blood sugar, total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase and potassium significantly increased, respectively, except for the level of total bilirubin which was decreased. After total sleep deprivation, WBC counts significantly increased. Regarding immunoglobulin level, IgG, IgA and Ag M concentrations appeared to decrease, but the results were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The effect of total sleep deprivation on physiological function was significant in the level of thyroid hormone. Although statistically not significant, the results of growth hormone and the immune system showed a trend in relations to the effect of total sleep deprivation. Results of blood chemistry suggest that sleep deprivation may influence metabolism of hepatobiliary system. Cognitive impairment was also seen in reactive and vigilant functions after total sleep deprivation.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Bilirubin ; Blood Glucose ; Chemistry ; Fasting ; Growth Hormone ; Healthy Volunteers ; Hematologic Tests ; Hydrocortisone ; Immune System ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin D ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Immunoglobulins ; Metabolism ; Potassium ; Prolactin ; Reaction Time ; Sleep Deprivation* ; Thyroid Gland

Diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is important due to its variable clinical manifestations and absence of response to beta-lactams. Introduction of enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for serologic diagnosis of M. pneumoniae has made it possible to separate the analyses of specific IgG and IgM antibodies. We compared four different commercial EIAs, ImmunoWELL IgG, IgM (GenBio), Medac IgG, IgA, IgM (Medac), Platelia IgG, IgM (Sanofi Pasteur), and Ridascreen IgG, IgA, IgM (r-Biopharm) with indirect particle agglutination assay (PA), Serodia-MycoII (Fujirebio). We tested 91 specimens from 73 pediatric patients (2-17 yr) hospitalized at a tertiary-care hospital between December 2005 and January 2006. The measurements of IgM EIAs were correlated with PA titers (Spearman's correlation coefficient, from 0.89 to 0.92) with high concordance rates, ranging from 82.4% to 92.3%. However, some negative IgM-EIA results in PA-positive specimens indicated that serial samplings with convalescent sera would be necessary to confirm M. pneumoniae infection.
Adolescent ; Antibodies, Bacterial/chemistry ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques/*methods ; Immunoglobulin G/*chemistry ; Immunoglobulin M/*chemistry ; Infant ; Male ; Microbiology ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/*diagnosis/*immunology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Serologic Tests