OBJECTIVES: This in vitro study evaluated the effect of dentin biomodifiers on the immediate and long-term bond strengths of a simplified etch and rinse adhesive to dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Flat coronal dentin surfaces were prepared in 120 extracted human molars. Teeth were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 24) according to 5 different surface pre-treatments: No pre-treatment (control); 1M carbodiimide (EDC); 0.1% epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG); 2% minocycline (MI); 10% sodium ascorbate (SA). After surface pre-treatment, adhesive (Adper Single Bond 2 [SB], 3M ESPE) was applied. Composite was applied into transparent plastic tubes (2.5 mm in diameter), which was placed over the bonded dentin surface. From each group, 10 samples were subjected to shear bond strength (SBS) evaluation at 24 hours (immediate) and remaining 10 samples were tested after 6 months (delayed). Additionally, 4 samples per group were subjected to scanning electron microscopic analysis for observation of resin-dentin interface. The data were statistically analysed with Shaperio‑Wilk W test, 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and post hoc Tukey's test. RESULTS: At 24 hours, SBS of all surface pre-treatment groups were comparable with the control group, with significant differences found between EDC and SA groups only (p = 0.009). After 6 months storage, EDC, EGCG, and MI pre-treatments preserved the resin-dentin bond strength with no significant fall. CONCLUSIONS: Dentin pre-treatment with all the dentin biomodifiers except SA resulted in significant preservation of resin-dentin bond over 6 months storage period, without negatively affecting the immediate bond strength of the etch and rinse adhesive tested.
Adhesives* ; Ascorbic Acid ; Dentin* ; Ethyldimethylaminopropyl Carbodiimide ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Minocycline ; Molar ; Plastics ; Shear Strength ; Tooth

Various kinds of schiff base metal complexes have been proven to induce apoptosis of tumor cells. However, it remains largely unknown whether schiff base zinc complexes induce apoptosis in human cancer cells. Here, we synthesized a novel schiff base zinc coordination compound (SBZCC) and investigated its effects on the growth, proliferation and apoptosis of human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells. A novel SBZCC was synthesized by chemical processes and used to treat MG-63 cells. The cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay. The cell cycle progression, mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptotic cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The apoptosis-related proteins levels were determined by immunoblotting. Treatment of MG-63 cells with SBZCC resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation and cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. Moreover, SBZCC significantly reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential and induced apoptosis, accompanied with increased Bax/Bcl-2 and FlasL/Fas expression as well as caspase-3/8/9 cleavage. Our results demonstrated that the synthesized novel SBZCC could inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of MG-63 cells via activating both the mitochondrial and cell death receptor apoptosis pathways, suggesting that SBZCC is a promising agent for the development as anticancer drugs.
Antineoplastic Agents ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Caspase 8 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Caspase 9 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Coordination Complexes ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; Fas Ligand Protein ; genetics ; metabolism ; G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Humans ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; drug effects ; Mitochondria ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Osteoblasts ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Schiff Bases ; chemistry ; Signal Transduction ; Zinc ; chemistry ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; genetics ; metabolism ; fas Receptor ; genetics ; metabolism

To explore novel coumarin derivatives with more potent anti-proliferative activity, a series of novel compounds were designed and synthesized by linking Schiff base and N, N-bis (2-chloroethyl) amine pharmacophore of nitrogen mustards to the coumarin's framework. Their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, MS and element analysis techniques. In vitro anti-proliferative activities were evaluated against HepG2, DU145 and MCF7 cell lines by the standard MTT assay. The results showed that some of the target compounds exhibited strong anti-proliferative activities against selected tumor cells, and compounds 7c, 7f, 7g, 7h and 7q were better than or equal to the activities of positive control, they deserved further development.
Antineoplastic Agents ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Coumarins ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; Drug Design ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ; Humans ; Nitrogen Mustard Compounds ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; Schiff Bases ; Structure-Activity Relationship

OBJECTIVETo establish a method for determining cyanamide in workplace air by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

METHODSAir samples were collected from the workplace using the shock absorption tube containing water solution at a rate of 2.8∼3.0 ml/min for 60 min; dansyl chloride was used as a derivatization reagent to conduct pre-column derivatization, and the procedure was as follows: acetone solution (2.5 ml), mixed solution (1.0 ml) containing 0.016 mol/L Na2CO3 and 0.184 mol/L NaHCO3, and 10 mg/ml acetone solution of dansyl chloride (0.5 ml) were added into the samples, and reaction proceeded in a water bath (50 °C) for 1 h. HPLC was performed on an ODS C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 üm) with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-phosphate buffer (35:65) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and a column temperature of 25°C; a fluorescence detector was used at an excitation wavelength of 360 nm and an emission wavelength of 495 nm.

RESULTSThe minimum detectable concentration of cyanamide was 0.05 üg/ml; a good linear relationship was noted when the concentration of cyanamide was 0.2∼100.0 üg/ml; the intraday relative standard deviation (RSD) was 0.28%∼1.18%, and the interday RSD was 0.22∼2.16%; the recovery rate was 95.7%∼103.0%, and the sampling efficiency was 95.8%∼96.9%. Water solution of cyanamide (pH<6.5) could be stable in the dark at room temperature for 7 d.

CONCLUSIONThis method is stable, reliable, easy to operate, and highly sensitive and suitable for determination of cyanamide in workplace air.

Air Pollutants ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Cyanamide ; analysis ; Occupational Exposure ; analysis ; Workplace

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is widely recognized as the antidote of choice for acetaminophen overdose. Acetaminophen is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic agent, and its use is one of the most common causes of poisoning worldwide. Acetaminophen toxicity may occur acutely when supratherapeutic amounts are ingested purposefully or unintentionally. Liver failure may occur in severe toxicity. However, if treated early, patients with acetaminophen poisoning generally recover uneventfully. Acetaminophen is metabolized to N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), which is detoxified by conjugation with glutathione. In overdose, hepatic stores of glutathione are depleted and NAPQI binding to hepatocytes induces cell death and hepatic necrosis. NAC replenishes hepatic glutathione and may also act as a glutathione substitute, combining directly with the toxic metabolite. Intravenous NAC is indicated in patients who present with a history of acetaminophen overdose within the previous 8 to 10 hours, patients unable to tolerate oral NAC, and patients who present with evidence of fulminant hepatic failure. However, caution should be used in patients who have experienced previous hypersensitivity or anaphylactoid reactions to intravenous NAC, as well as in patients with asthma. The most common anaphylactoid reactions include rash, flushing, and bronchospasm. Adults should receive 150 mg/kg administered for 45 minutes, followed by 50 mg/kg administered for 4 hours, followed by 100 mg/kg administered for 16 hours. The total dose is 300 mg/kg delivered over 21 hours. Additionally, caution should always be used when intravenous NAC is prescribed and the amount of diluent is calculated. Monitoring of patients with a should include repeated neurologic and hemodynamic assessment.
Acetaminophen* ; Acetylcysteine* ; Adult ; Antidotes ; Asthma ; Benzoquinones ; Bronchial Spasm ; Cell Death ; Exanthema ; Flushing ; Glutathione ; Hemodynamics ; Hepatocytes ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Imines ; Liver Failure ; Liver Failure, Acute ; Necrosis ; Poisoning*

OBJECTIVETo establish the antibacterial activity of lanthanides complexes with a tetradentate Schiff base ligand L.

METHODS(N, N'-bis (1-naphthaldimine)-o-phenylenediamine) was prepared from the condensation of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde with o-phenylenediamine in a molar ratio of 2:1. The antimicrobial activity of the resultant Ln (III) complexes was investigated using agar well diffusion and micro-broth dilution techniques; the latter was used to establish the minimum inhibitory concentrations for each compound investigated.

RESULTSMost of Ln (III) complexes were found to exhibit antibacterial activities against a number of pathogenic bacteria with MICs ranging between 1.95-250.00 µg/mL. Staphylococcus aureus was the most susceptible bacterial species to [LaL(NO3)2(H2O)](NO3) complex while Shigella dysenteriae and Escherichia coli required a relatively higher MIC (250 µg/mL). The complexes La (III) and Pr (III) were effective inhibitors against Staphylococcus aureus, whereas Sm (III) complex was effective against Serratia marcescens. On the other hand, Gd (III), La (III) and Nd (III) were found to be more potent inhibitors against Pseudomonas aeruginosa than two of commonly used antibiotics. The remaining Ln (III) complexes showed no remarkable activity as compared to the two standard drugs used.

CONCLUSIONSTetradentate Schiff base ligand L and its complexes could be a potential antibacterial compounds after further investigation.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Bacteria ; drug effects ; Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests ; Lanthanoid Series Elements ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Ligands ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Schiff Bases ; chemistry

OBJECTIVE: Authors aimed to determine the targeting ability of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2)-conjugated quantum dots (QDs) in vitro, and apply it for a xenograft prostate cancer mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Conjugation reaction of QDs was performed by using the N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) and sulfo-(N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide) (Sulfo-NHS). The human umbilical vein cord endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with QDs, conjugated with antiVGFR2, to see a specific binding in vitro. Fluorescent cell images were taken by a confocal microscope. The human prostate cancer cells (PC3) were injected to five nude mice on hind limbs to make the xenograft tumor model. QD-antiVEGFR2 antibody complex was injected into the tumor model and fluorescence measurements were performed at 1, 4, 9, 12, 15, and 24 hours after the injection. RESULTS: The specific interaction between HUVECs and QD-antiVEGFR2 antibody was clearly shown in vitro. The in vivo fluorescence image disclosed that there was an increased signal of tumor, 12 hours after the injection of QDs. CONCLUSION: By showing endothelial cells binding with QDs-antiVEGFR2 antibodyand an experimental application of the antibody for VEGFR2 imaging in the prostate cancer xenograft mouse model, we suggests that the antibody-conjugated QDs can be a potential imaging tool for angiogenesis of the cancer.
Animals ; Carbodiimides/pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel ; Fluorescence ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/*pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*pathology ; *Quantum Dots ; Succinimides/pharmacology ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/*antagonists & inhibitors

OBJECTIVES: Odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) have a tendency to recur and possess an aggressive nature. the aim of the present study was to evaluate cytokeratin (CK) expression patterns as a method for the differentiation between dentigerous cysts (DCs) and OKCs, as their histomorphologic appearance are often indistinguishable. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of 43 OKCs and 38 DCs were immunohistochemically analyzed with i-solution in a quantitative manner in order to evaluate the immunoreactivity of CK 10, 16 and 17. RESULTS: CK 10 expression was evident in 79.1% of OKCs but found in only 18.4% of DCs (P<0.05), and CK 10 expression was observed to occur more frequently in OKCs (mean 25.45%) than in DCs (2.19%) (P<0.05). The expression of CK 16 was evident in 79.1% of OKCs but found in only 7.9% of the DCs (P<0.05) and CK 16 expression was observed to occur more frequently in OKCs (mean 4.33%) than in the DCs (0.61%) (P<0.05). The expression of CK 17 was evident in 88.4% of OKCs but seen in only 15.7% of the DCs (P<0.05) and CK 17 expression was observed to occur more frequently in OKCs (mean 31.11%) than in the DCs (2.37%) (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The immunohistochemical detection of CK 10, 16 and 17 can be utilized as a valuable biomarker for use in distinguishing between OKCs and DCs, which have clinically significant differential diagnoses.
Biomarkers ; Dentigerous Cyst ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Imines ; Keratins ; Odontogenic Cysts ; Thiazines

Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Cyanamide ; analysis ; Spectrophotometry ; Workplace

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease endangering human health seriously. Recent reports have revealed that beta-amyloid aggregates play a key role in the pathogenesis of AD. Thus, targeting the Abeta plaques benzothiazole derivatives were synthesized with the scaffold of the most promising imaging agent PIB ([11C]-6-OH-BTA-1, [11C]-2-(4-(methylamino)phenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole) and C = N as linker to study the binding characteristics with the target protein through surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique. These derivatives were synthesized through simple yet effective method with high yields and characterized by 1H NMR and FTIR. The binding properties (K(D)) were determined with Biacore X-100 instrument according to the fitting-plot curve. Compounds 3a and 3f showed high binding affinity for Abeta1-40. The results suggest that benzothiazole derivatives could be served as a scaffold to develop novel beta-amyloid imaging agents for the diagnosis of AD.
Alzheimer Disease ; diagnosis ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; chemistry ; Aniline Compounds ; chemistry ; Benzothiazoles ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Humans ; Peptide Fragments ; chemistry ; Protein Binding ; Schiff Bases ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Surface Plasmon Resonance ; Thiazoles ; chemistry