Objective: This study aimed to identify the factors contributing to post-traumatic growth (PTG) among nurses who experienced patient death during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to evaluate the necessity of grief support is required. Methods: An online survey was conducted to assess the experiences of nurses at Ulsan University Hospital who lost patients during the past year of the pandemic. In total, 211 nurses were recruited. We obtained information on the participants’ demographic and clinical characteristics. For symptoms rating, we used the following scales: the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemic-9 (SAVE-9), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Pandemic Grief Scale (PGS), and Utrecht Grief Rumination Scale (UGRS), and Grief Support in Healthcare Scale (GSHCS). Pearson’s correlation coefficients, linear regression, and mediation analysis were employed. Results: PTGI scores were significantly correlated with the SAVE-9 (r=0.31, p<0.01), PHQ-9 (r=0.31, p<0.01), PGS (r=0.28, p<0.01), UGRS (r=0.45, p<0.01), and GSHCS scores (r=0.46, p<0.01). The linear regression analysis revealed the factors significantly associated with PTGI scores: SAVE-9 (β=0.16, p=0.014), UGRS (β=0.29, p<0.001), and GSHCS (β=0.34, p<0.001). The mediation analysis revealed that nurses’ stress and anxiety about COVID-19 and grief rumination had a direct impact on PTG, with grief support serving as a significant mediator. Conclusion PTG was promoted by increases in the medical staff’s anxiety and stress related to COVID-19, grief rumination, and grief support. For the medical staff’s experience of bereavement to result in meaningful personal and professional growth, family members, colleagues, and other associates should provide thoughtful support.

Objective: This study aimed to identify the factors contributing to post-traumatic growth (PTG) among nurses who experienced patient death during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to evaluate the necessity of grief support is required. Methods: An online survey was conducted to assess the experiences of nurses at Ulsan University Hospital who lost patients during the past year of the pandemic. In total, 211 nurses were recruited. We obtained information on the participants’ demographic and clinical characteristics. For symptoms rating, we used the following scales: the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemic-9 (SAVE-9), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Pandemic Grief Scale (PGS), and Utrecht Grief Rumination Scale (UGRS), and Grief Support in Healthcare Scale (GSHCS). Pearson’s correlation coefficients, linear regression, and mediation analysis were employed. Results: PTGI scores were significantly correlated with the SAVE-9 (r=0.31, p<0.01), PHQ-9 (r=0.31, p<0.01), PGS (r=0.28, p<0.01), UGRS (r=0.45, p<0.01), and GSHCS scores (r=0.46, p<0.01). The linear regression analysis revealed the factors significantly associated with PTGI scores: SAVE-9 (β=0.16, p=0.014), UGRS (β=0.29, p<0.001), and GSHCS (β=0.34, p<0.001). The mediation analysis revealed that nurses’ stress and anxiety about COVID-19 and grief rumination had a direct impact on PTG, with grief support serving as a significant mediator. Conclusion PTG was promoted by increases in the medical staff’s anxiety and stress related to COVID-19, grief rumination, and grief support. For the medical staff’s experience of bereavement to result in meaningful personal and professional growth, family members, colleagues, and other associates should provide thoughtful support.

Objective: This study aimed to identify the factors contributing to post-traumatic growth (PTG) among nurses who experienced patient death during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to evaluate the necessity of grief support is required. Methods: An online survey was conducted to assess the experiences of nurses at Ulsan University Hospital who lost patients during the past year of the pandemic. In total, 211 nurses were recruited. We obtained information on the participants’ demographic and clinical characteristics. For symptoms rating, we used the following scales: the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemic-9 (SAVE-9), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Pandemic Grief Scale (PGS), and Utrecht Grief Rumination Scale (UGRS), and Grief Support in Healthcare Scale (GSHCS). Pearson’s correlation coefficients, linear regression, and mediation analysis were employed. Results: PTGI scores were significantly correlated with the SAVE-9 (r=0.31, p<0.01), PHQ-9 (r=0.31, p<0.01), PGS (r=0.28, p<0.01), UGRS (r=0.45, p<0.01), and GSHCS scores (r=0.46, p<0.01). The linear regression analysis revealed the factors significantly associated with PTGI scores: SAVE-9 (β=0.16, p=0.014), UGRS (β=0.29, p<0.001), and GSHCS (β=0.34, p<0.001). The mediation analysis revealed that nurses’ stress and anxiety about COVID-19 and grief rumination had a direct impact on PTG, with grief support serving as a significant mediator. Conclusion PTG was promoted by increases in the medical staff’s anxiety and stress related to COVID-19, grief rumination, and grief support. For the medical staff’s experience of bereavement to result in meaningful personal and professional growth, family members, colleagues, and other associates should provide thoughtful support.

Objective: This study aimed to identify the factors contributing to post-traumatic growth (PTG) among nurses who experienced patient death during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to evaluate the necessity of grief support is required. Methods: An online survey was conducted to assess the experiences of nurses at Ulsan University Hospital who lost patients during the past year of the pandemic. In total, 211 nurses were recruited. We obtained information on the participants’ demographic and clinical characteristics. For symptoms rating, we used the following scales: the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemic-9 (SAVE-9), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Pandemic Grief Scale (PGS), and Utrecht Grief Rumination Scale (UGRS), and Grief Support in Healthcare Scale (GSHCS). Pearson’s correlation coefficients, linear regression, and mediation analysis were employed. Results: PTGI scores were significantly correlated with the SAVE-9 (r=0.31, p<0.01), PHQ-9 (r=0.31, p<0.01), PGS (r=0.28, p<0.01), UGRS (r=0.45, p<0.01), and GSHCS scores (r=0.46, p<0.01). The linear regression analysis revealed the factors significantly associated with PTGI scores: SAVE-9 (β=0.16, p=0.014), UGRS (β=0.29, p<0.001), and GSHCS (β=0.34, p<0.001). The mediation analysis revealed that nurses’ stress and anxiety about COVID-19 and grief rumination had a direct impact on PTG, with grief support serving as a significant mediator. Conclusion PTG was promoted by increases in the medical staff’s anxiety and stress related to COVID-19, grief rumination, and grief support. For the medical staff’s experience of bereavement to result in meaningful personal and professional growth, family members, colleagues, and other associates should provide thoughtful support.

Objective: This study aimed to identify the factors contributing to post-traumatic growth (PTG) among nurses who experienced patient death during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to evaluate the necessity of grief support is required. Methods: An online survey was conducted to assess the experiences of nurses at Ulsan University Hospital who lost patients during the past year of the pandemic. In total, 211 nurses were recruited. We obtained information on the participants’ demographic and clinical characteristics. For symptoms rating, we used the following scales: the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemic-9 (SAVE-9), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Pandemic Grief Scale (PGS), and Utrecht Grief Rumination Scale (UGRS), and Grief Support in Healthcare Scale (GSHCS). Pearson’s correlation coefficients, linear regression, and mediation analysis were employed. Results: PTGI scores were significantly correlated with the SAVE-9 (r=0.31, p<0.01), PHQ-9 (r=0.31, p<0.01), PGS (r=0.28, p<0.01), UGRS (r=0.45, p<0.01), and GSHCS scores (r=0.46, p<0.01). The linear regression analysis revealed the factors significantly associated with PTGI scores: SAVE-9 (β=0.16, p=0.014), UGRS (β=0.29, p<0.001), and GSHCS (β=0.34, p<0.001). The mediation analysis revealed that nurses’ stress and anxiety about COVID-19 and grief rumination had a direct impact on PTG, with grief support serving as a significant mediator. Conclusion PTG was promoted by increases in the medical staff’s anxiety and stress related to COVID-19, grief rumination, and grief support. For the medical staff’s experience of bereavement to result in meaningful personal and professional growth, family members, colleagues, and other associates should provide thoughtful support.

Objective: This study aims to explore the association between work-related stress of healthcare workers in response to the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and their depressive symptoms. Additionally, it focuses on the impact of insomnia symptoms, interpersonal factors, and resilience on depressive symptoms. Methods: The results of an anonymous survey of 329 healthcare workers were analyzed, including the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-3 items, Insomnia Severity Index, Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale-2 items, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 items. Mediation analysis assessed whether insomnia symptoms, resilience, and interpersonal factors mediate the association between work-related stress and depressive symptoms. Results: Work-related stress directly influenced depressive symptoms (standardized estimator=0.11, p=0.010, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.03–0.19). The association between the former and latter was positively mediated by insomnia symptoms (standardized estimator=0.10, p<0.001, 95% CI 0.05–0.14), thwarted belongingness (standardized estimator=0.04, p=0.006, 95% CI 0.01–0.07), and perceived burdensomeness (standardized estimator=0.05, p=0.002, 95% CI 0.02–0.08) and was negatively mediated by resilience (standardized estimator=0.02, p=0.041, 95% CI 0.0001–0.04). Conclusion This study highlights the connection between heightened work-related stress experienced by healthcare workers amid the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent development of depressive symptoms mediated by insomnia, interpersonal factors, and resilience. Interventions that focus on building resilience could be pivotal in mitigating the detrimental mental health consequences of workplace stress among healthcare workers in a viral epidemic.

Objective: This study aims to explore the association between work-related stress of healthcare workers in response to the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and their depressive symptoms. Additionally, it focuses on the impact of insomnia symptoms, interpersonal factors, and resilience on depressive symptoms. Methods: The results of an anonymous survey of 329 healthcare workers were analyzed, including the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-3 items, Insomnia Severity Index, Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale-2 items, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 items. Mediation analysis assessed whether insomnia symptoms, resilience, and interpersonal factors mediate the association between work-related stress and depressive symptoms. Results: Work-related stress directly influenced depressive symptoms (standardized estimator=0.11, p=0.010, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.03–0.19). The association between the former and latter was positively mediated by insomnia symptoms (standardized estimator=0.10, p<0.001, 95% CI 0.05–0.14), thwarted belongingness (standardized estimator=0.04, p=0.006, 95% CI 0.01–0.07), and perceived burdensomeness (standardized estimator=0.05, p=0.002, 95% CI 0.02–0.08) and was negatively mediated by resilience (standardized estimator=0.02, p=0.041, 95% CI 0.0001–0.04). Conclusion This study highlights the connection between heightened work-related stress experienced by healthcare workers amid the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent development of depressive symptoms mediated by insomnia, interpersonal factors, and resilience. Interventions that focus on building resilience could be pivotal in mitigating the detrimental mental health consequences of workplace stress among healthcare workers in a viral epidemic.

Objective: This study aims to explore the association between work-related stress of healthcare workers in response to the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and their depressive symptoms. Additionally, it focuses on the impact of insomnia symptoms, interpersonal factors, and resilience on depressive symptoms. Methods: The results of an anonymous survey of 329 healthcare workers were analyzed, including the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-3 items, Insomnia Severity Index, Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale-2 items, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 items. Mediation analysis assessed whether insomnia symptoms, resilience, and interpersonal factors mediate the association between work-related stress and depressive symptoms. Results: Work-related stress directly influenced depressive symptoms (standardized estimator=0.11, p=0.010, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.03–0.19). The association between the former and latter was positively mediated by insomnia symptoms (standardized estimator=0.10, p<0.001, 95% CI 0.05–0.14), thwarted belongingness (standardized estimator=0.04, p=0.006, 95% CI 0.01–0.07), and perceived burdensomeness (standardized estimator=0.05, p=0.002, 95% CI 0.02–0.08) and was negatively mediated by resilience (standardized estimator=0.02, p=0.041, 95% CI 0.0001–0.04). Conclusion This study highlights the connection between heightened work-related stress experienced by healthcare workers amid the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent development of depressive symptoms mediated by insomnia, interpersonal factors, and resilience. Interventions that focus on building resilience could be pivotal in mitigating the detrimental mental health consequences of workplace stress among healthcare workers in a viral epidemic.

Objective: This study aims to explore the association between work-related stress of healthcare workers in response to the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and their depressive symptoms. Additionally, it focuses on the impact of insomnia symptoms, interpersonal factors, and resilience on depressive symptoms. Methods: The results of an anonymous survey of 329 healthcare workers were analyzed, including the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-3 items, Insomnia Severity Index, Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale-2 items, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 items. Mediation analysis assessed whether insomnia symptoms, resilience, and interpersonal factors mediate the association between work-related stress and depressive symptoms. Results: Work-related stress directly influenced depressive symptoms (standardized estimator=0.11, p=0.010, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.03–0.19). The association between the former and latter was positively mediated by insomnia symptoms (standardized estimator=0.10, p<0.001, 95% CI 0.05–0.14), thwarted belongingness (standardized estimator=0.04, p=0.006, 95% CI 0.01–0.07), and perceived burdensomeness (standardized estimator=0.05, p=0.002, 95% CI 0.02–0.08) and was negatively mediated by resilience (standardized estimator=0.02, p=0.041, 95% CI 0.0001–0.04). Conclusion This study highlights the connection between heightened work-related stress experienced by healthcare workers amid the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent development of depressive symptoms mediated by insomnia, interpersonal factors, and resilience. Interventions that focus on building resilience could be pivotal in mitigating the detrimental mental health consequences of workplace stress among healthcare workers in a viral epidemic.

Objective: This study aims to explore the association between work-related stress of healthcare workers in response to the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and their depressive symptoms. Additionally, it focuses on the impact of insomnia symptoms, interpersonal factors, and resilience on depressive symptoms. Methods: The results of an anonymous survey of 329 healthcare workers were analyzed, including the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-3 items, Insomnia Severity Index, Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale-2 items, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 items. Mediation analysis assessed whether insomnia symptoms, resilience, and interpersonal factors mediate the association between work-related stress and depressive symptoms. Results: Work-related stress directly influenced depressive symptoms (standardized estimator=0.11, p=0.010, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.03–0.19). The association between the former and latter was positively mediated by insomnia symptoms (standardized estimator=0.10, p<0.001, 95% CI 0.05–0.14), thwarted belongingness (standardized estimator=0.04, p=0.006, 95% CI 0.01–0.07), and perceived burdensomeness (standardized estimator=0.05, p=0.002, 95% CI 0.02–0.08) and was negatively mediated by resilience (standardized estimator=0.02, p=0.041, 95% CI 0.0001–0.04). Conclusion This study highlights the connection between heightened work-related stress experienced by healthcare workers amid the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent development of depressive symptoms mediated by insomnia, interpersonal factors, and resilience. Interventions that focus on building resilience could be pivotal in mitigating the detrimental mental health consequences of workplace stress among healthcare workers in a viral epidemic.