Background: Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is crucial in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients undergoing coronary interventions. Previous studies suggest that high-dose statins may aid in CIN prevention, yet comparative studies among different statin types using cystatin C (cysC) as a biomarker for CIN are absent. This study evaluated the effectiveness of high-dose rosuvastatin versus atorvastatin in preventing cysC-based CIN (cysC-CIN) in AMI patients. Methods: This multicenter registry included 431 patients (rosuvastatin 20 mg: n = 231, atorvastatin 40 mg: n = 200). The primary endpoint was cysC-CIN incidence within 48 hours post contrast; the secondary endpoints were creatinine-based CIN (cr-CIN) incidence within 72 hours post contrast and post 30 days adverse events. Results: The incidences of cysC-CIN (12.1% vs. 7.5%, P = 0.103) and cr-CIN (6.2% vs. 3.5%, P = 0.103) were higher in the atorvastatin group without significant statistical differences.Multivariable regression analysis, which was adjusted for CIN risk factors and the variables with univariate association, showed no increased odds ratio (OR) (OR, 2.185; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.899, 5.315; P = 0.085) for cysC-CIN in the atorvastatin group compared to the rosuvastatin group. However, statin-naïve atorvastatin subgroup had significantly increased odds of cysC-CIN compared to the rosuvastatin group (OR, 2.977; 95% CI, 1.057, 8.378; P = 0.039). At post 30 days renal, cardiovascular, and mortality event rates were both low and similar between the two groups. Conclusion No significant difference in cysC-CIN incidence was found between the highdose rosuvastatin and atorvastatin groups in AMI patients and cysC was more sensitive to the early detection of CIN than creatinine.

Background: Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is crucial in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients undergoing coronary interventions. Previous studies suggest that high-dose statins may aid in CIN prevention, yet comparative studies among different statin types using cystatin C (cysC) as a biomarker for CIN are absent. This study evaluated the effectiveness of high-dose rosuvastatin versus atorvastatin in preventing cysC-based CIN (cysC-CIN) in AMI patients. Methods: This multicenter registry included 431 patients (rosuvastatin 20 mg: n = 231, atorvastatin 40 mg: n = 200). The primary endpoint was cysC-CIN incidence within 48 hours post contrast; the secondary endpoints were creatinine-based CIN (cr-CIN) incidence within 72 hours post contrast and post 30 days adverse events. Results: The incidences of cysC-CIN (12.1% vs. 7.5%, P = 0.103) and cr-CIN (6.2% vs. 3.5%, P = 0.103) were higher in the atorvastatin group without significant statistical differences.Multivariable regression analysis, which was adjusted for CIN risk factors and the variables with univariate association, showed no increased odds ratio (OR) (OR, 2.185; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.899, 5.315; P = 0.085) for cysC-CIN in the atorvastatin group compared to the rosuvastatin group. However, statin-naïve atorvastatin subgroup had significantly increased odds of cysC-CIN compared to the rosuvastatin group (OR, 2.977; 95% CI, 1.057, 8.378; P = 0.039). At post 30 days renal, cardiovascular, and mortality event rates were both low and similar between the two groups. Conclusion No significant difference in cysC-CIN incidence was found between the highdose rosuvastatin and atorvastatin groups in AMI patients and cysC was more sensitive to the early detection of CIN than creatinine.

Background: Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is crucial in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients undergoing coronary interventions. Previous studies suggest that high-dose statins may aid in CIN prevention, yet comparative studies among different statin types using cystatin C (cysC) as a biomarker for CIN are absent. This study evaluated the effectiveness of high-dose rosuvastatin versus atorvastatin in preventing cysC-based CIN (cysC-CIN) in AMI patients. Methods: This multicenter registry included 431 patients (rosuvastatin 20 mg: n = 231, atorvastatin 40 mg: n = 200). The primary endpoint was cysC-CIN incidence within 48 hours post contrast; the secondary endpoints were creatinine-based CIN (cr-CIN) incidence within 72 hours post contrast and post 30 days adverse events. Results: The incidences of cysC-CIN (12.1% vs. 7.5%, P = 0.103) and cr-CIN (6.2% vs. 3.5%, P = 0.103) were higher in the atorvastatin group without significant statistical differences.Multivariable regression analysis, which was adjusted for CIN risk factors and the variables with univariate association, showed no increased odds ratio (OR) (OR, 2.185; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.899, 5.315; P = 0.085) for cysC-CIN in the atorvastatin group compared to the rosuvastatin group. However, statin-naïve atorvastatin subgroup had significantly increased odds of cysC-CIN compared to the rosuvastatin group (OR, 2.977; 95% CI, 1.057, 8.378; P = 0.039). At post 30 days renal, cardiovascular, and mortality event rates were both low and similar between the two groups. Conclusion No significant difference in cysC-CIN incidence was found between the highdose rosuvastatin and atorvastatin groups in AMI patients and cysC was more sensitive to the early detection of CIN than creatinine.

Background: Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is crucial in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients undergoing coronary interventions. Previous studies suggest that high-dose statins may aid in CIN prevention, yet comparative studies among different statin types using cystatin C (cysC) as a biomarker for CIN are absent. This study evaluated the effectiveness of high-dose rosuvastatin versus atorvastatin in preventing cysC-based CIN (cysC-CIN) in AMI patients. Methods: This multicenter registry included 431 patients (rosuvastatin 20 mg: n = 231, atorvastatin 40 mg: n = 200). The primary endpoint was cysC-CIN incidence within 48 hours post contrast; the secondary endpoints were creatinine-based CIN (cr-CIN) incidence within 72 hours post contrast and post 30 days adverse events. Results: The incidences of cysC-CIN (12.1% vs. 7.5%, P = 0.103) and cr-CIN (6.2% vs. 3.5%, P = 0.103) were higher in the atorvastatin group without significant statistical differences.Multivariable regression analysis, which was adjusted for CIN risk factors and the variables with univariate association, showed no increased odds ratio (OR) (OR, 2.185; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.899, 5.315; P = 0.085) for cysC-CIN in the atorvastatin group compared to the rosuvastatin group. However, statin-naïve atorvastatin subgroup had significantly increased odds of cysC-CIN compared to the rosuvastatin group (OR, 2.977; 95% CI, 1.057, 8.378; P = 0.039). At post 30 days renal, cardiovascular, and mortality event rates were both low and similar between the two groups. Conclusion No significant difference in cysC-CIN incidence was found between the highdose rosuvastatin and atorvastatin groups in AMI patients and cysC was more sensitive to the early detection of CIN than creatinine.

Background: The prevalence of both obstructive sleep apnea and allergic rhinitis is high and these often co-exist. This study investigated the association between allergic rhinitis-related factors and the risk of sleep apnea in Korean adults. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 8,956 Korean adults aged 40 years or older who participated in the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2019 and 2021. Allergic rhinitis-related factors were divided into two categories: allergic rhinitis symptoms (symptoms) and prevalence of allergic disease (prevalence). Symptoms were investigated through a questionnaire and the prevalence of allergic disease was based on the doctor’s diagnosis. The risk of sleep apnea was calculated through the STOP-Bang questionnaire (snoring, tiredness, observed apnea, blood pressure, body mass index, age, neck circumference, gender), and a score of ≥3 is considered as a high-risk group. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the effect of symptoms or prevalence on the risk of sleep apnea. Results: The risk of sleep apnea increased 1.26 times (95% confidential interval [CI], 1.10–1.44) in patients with symptoms and was higher in patients with severe rhinitis (odds ratio [OR], 1.43; 95% CI, 1.12–1.83). A higher risk of sleep apnea was associated with allergic disease, including allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.02–1.66, adjusted for general characteristics). Conclusion Severe allergic rhinitis symptoms and a history of allergic disease increased the risk of obstructive sleep apnea.

Background: The prevalence of both obstructive sleep apnea and allergic rhinitis is high and these often co-exist. This study investigated the association between allergic rhinitis-related factors and the risk of sleep apnea in Korean adults. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 8,956 Korean adults aged 40 years or older who participated in the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2019 and 2021. Allergic rhinitis-related factors were divided into two categories: allergic rhinitis symptoms (symptoms) and prevalence of allergic disease (prevalence). Symptoms were investigated through a questionnaire and the prevalence of allergic disease was based on the doctor’s diagnosis. The risk of sleep apnea was calculated through the STOP-Bang questionnaire (snoring, tiredness, observed apnea, blood pressure, body mass index, age, neck circumference, gender), and a score of ≥3 is considered as a high-risk group. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the effect of symptoms or prevalence on the risk of sleep apnea. Results: The risk of sleep apnea increased 1.26 times (95% confidential interval [CI], 1.10–1.44) in patients with symptoms and was higher in patients with severe rhinitis (odds ratio [OR], 1.43; 95% CI, 1.12–1.83). A higher risk of sleep apnea was associated with allergic disease, including allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.02–1.66, adjusted for general characteristics). Conclusion Severe allergic rhinitis symptoms and a history of allergic disease increased the risk of obstructive sleep apnea.

Background: The prevalence of both obstructive sleep apnea and allergic rhinitis is high and these often co-exist. This study investigated the association between allergic rhinitis-related factors and the risk of sleep apnea in Korean adults. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 8,956 Korean adults aged 40 years or older who participated in the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2019 and 2021. Allergic rhinitis-related factors were divided into two categories: allergic rhinitis symptoms (symptoms) and prevalence of allergic disease (prevalence). Symptoms were investigated through a questionnaire and the prevalence of allergic disease was based on the doctor’s diagnosis. The risk of sleep apnea was calculated through the STOP-Bang questionnaire (snoring, tiredness, observed apnea, blood pressure, body mass index, age, neck circumference, gender), and a score of ≥3 is considered as a high-risk group. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the effect of symptoms or prevalence on the risk of sleep apnea. Results: The risk of sleep apnea increased 1.26 times (95% confidential interval [CI], 1.10–1.44) in patients with symptoms and was higher in patients with severe rhinitis (odds ratio [OR], 1.43; 95% CI, 1.12–1.83). A higher risk of sleep apnea was associated with allergic disease, including allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.02–1.66, adjusted for general characteristics). Conclusion Severe allergic rhinitis symptoms and a history of allergic disease increased the risk of obstructive sleep apnea.

Background: The prevalence of both obstructive sleep apnea and allergic rhinitis is high and these often co-exist. This study investigated the association between allergic rhinitis-related factors and the risk of sleep apnea in Korean adults. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 8,956 Korean adults aged 40 years or older who participated in the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2019 and 2021. Allergic rhinitis-related factors were divided into two categories: allergic rhinitis symptoms (symptoms) and prevalence of allergic disease (prevalence). Symptoms were investigated through a questionnaire and the prevalence of allergic disease was based on the doctor’s diagnosis. The risk of sleep apnea was calculated through the STOP-Bang questionnaire (snoring, tiredness, observed apnea, blood pressure, body mass index, age, neck circumference, gender), and a score of ≥3 is considered as a high-risk group. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the effect of symptoms or prevalence on the risk of sleep apnea. Results: The risk of sleep apnea increased 1.26 times (95% confidential interval [CI], 1.10–1.44) in patients with symptoms and was higher in patients with severe rhinitis (odds ratio [OR], 1.43; 95% CI, 1.12–1.83). A higher risk of sleep apnea was associated with allergic disease, including allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.02–1.66, adjusted for general characteristics). Conclusion Severe allergic rhinitis symptoms and a history of allergic disease increased the risk of obstructive sleep apnea.

Purpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most frequent cancer with limited therapeutic achievements. Recently, adoptive cellular immunotherapy has been developed as an antitumor therapy. However, its efficacy has not been tested in CRC. This study investigated the ability of an immune cell cocktail of dendritic cells (DCs), T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells to overcome immunological hurdles and improve the therapeutic efficacy of cell therapy for CRC. Methods: CRC lysate-pulsed monocyte-derived DCs (Mo-DCs), CRC antigen-specifically expanded T cells (CTL), and in vitro-expanded NK cells were cultured from patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The ability of the combined immune cells to kill autologous tumor cells was investigated by co-culturing the combined immune cells with patient-derived tumor cells. Results: The Mo-DCs produced expressed T cell co-stimulating molecules like CD80, CD86, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR and HLA-ABC, at high levels and were capable of activating naive T cells. The expanded T cells were predominantly CD8 T cells with high levels of CD8 effector memory cells and low levels of regulatory T cells. The NK cells expressed high levels of activating receptors and were capable of killing other cancer cell lines (K562 and HT29). The immune cell cocktail demonstrated a higher ability to kill autologous tumor cells than single types. An in vivo preclinical study confirmed the safety of the combined immune cell adaptive therapy showing no therapy-related death or general toxicity symptoms. Conclusion The results suggested that combined immune cell adaptive therapy could overcome the limited efficacy of cell immunotherapy.