The final degrees of education for the third and fourth authors were mutually misplaced.

No abstract available.
Humans ; Korea* ; Oxidoreductases*

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is one of the most important bacterial pathogens causing diarrhea. The resistance of S. typhimurium to antimicrobial agents, which has recently been isolated from patients, is causing serious problems. We investigated the effects of salicylic acid (Sal) and acetyl salicylate (AcSal) on the susceptibility of S. typhimurium to cephalosporin antibiotics, which are known to increase resistance to cephalosporin and quinolone antibiotics. The MIC of cephalosporin antibiotics was higher than that of the media without Sal. The rate of accumulation of ethidium bromide (EtBr) in the bacteria by the outer membrane protein (Omp) was not different from that of the bacteria cultured in the medium containing Sal. However, Carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), an inhibitor of bacterial efflux pumps, significantly reduced the rate of accumulation of EtBr in bacteria cultured on Sal containing medium. In the medium containing CCCP, the MIC of the antimicrobial agent tended to decrease as compared with the control. In addition, the MIC of the bacteria treated with CCCP and Sal was higher than that of the antimicrobial agent against the CCCP treated experimental bacteria. These results suggest that Sal decreases the expression of OmpF in the Omp of S. typhimurium and reduces the permeability of cephalosporin antibiotics to bacteria, which may induce tolerance to cephalosporin antibiotics.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Bacteria ; Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone ; Cephalosporin Resistance ; Cephalosporins ; Diarrhea ; Ethidium ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins ; Permeability ; Salicylic Acid ; Salmonella enterica ; Salmonella typhimurium ; Salmonella ; Serogroup

OBJECTIVES: To identify the current status of smartphone usage and to describe the needs for smartphone-based cardiac telerehabilitation of cardiac patients. METHODS: In 2016, a questionnaire survey was conducted in a supervised ambulatory cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program in a university affiliated hospital with the participation of heart failure or heart transplantation patients who were smartphone users. The questionnaire included questions regarding smartphone usage, demands for smartphone-based disease education, and home health monitoring systems. Results were described and analyzed according to principal diagnosis. RESULTS: Ninety-six patients (66% male; mean age, 53 ± 11 years), including 56 heart failure and 40 heart transplantation patients, completed the survey (completion rate, 95%). The median daily smartphone usage time was 120 minutes (interquartile range, 60–300), and the most frequently used smartphone function was text messaging (61.5%). Of the patients, 26% stated that they searched for health-related information using their smartphones more than 1 time per week. The major source of health-related information was Internet browsing (50.0%), and the least sought source was the hospital's website (3.1%). Patients with heart failure expressed significantly higher needs for disease education on treatment plan, home health monitoring of blood pressure, and body weight (χ2 = 5.79, 6.27, 4.50, p < 0.05). Heart transplantation patients expressed a significant need for home health monitoring of body temperature (χ2 = 5.25, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Heart failure and heart transplantation patients show high usage of and interest in mobile health technology. A smartphone-based cardiac telerehabilitation program should be developed based on high demand areas and modified to suit to each principal diagnosis.
Blood Pressure ; Body Temperature ; Body Weight ; Diagnosis ; Education ; Heart Failure ; Heart Transplantation ; Humans ; Internet ; Male ; Mobile Applications ; Needs Assessment ; Rehabilitation ; Smartphone ; Telemedicine ; Telerehabilitation* ; Text Messaging

PURPOSE: To investigate the age group characteristics of children who visited the emergency department with acute poisoning by ingestion. METHODS: We reviewed children under 19 years who visited the emergency department for acute poisoning by ingestion from 2012 to 2017. The children were divided into 3 age groups; infants (0-1 years), preschoolers (2-5 years), and schoolers (6-18 years). Clinical characteristics, intentional ingestion, involved substances (drugs, household products, artificial substances, and pesticides), decontamination and antidote therapy, and outcomes of the 3 age groups were compared. We also performed multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with hospitalization. RESULTS: A total of 622 children with acute poisoning by ingestion were analyzed. Their annual proportions to overall pediatric emergency patients ranged from 0.3% to 0.4%. Age distribution showed bimodal peaks at 0-2 years and 15-17 years. The infants showed lower frequency of girls, intentional ingestion, ingestion of drugs, performance of decontamination and antidote therapy, and hospitalization than 2 older groups (P < 0.001). Most decontamination, antidote therapy, and hospitalization occurred in the schoolers (P < 0.001). The most frequently reported substances were household cleaning substances in the infants (18.2%), antihistamines in the preschoolers (15.8%), and analgesics in the schoolers (37.5%). The factors associated with hospitalization were intentional ingestion (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 7.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.85-17.61; P = 0.001) and schoolers (aOR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.10-7.53; P = 0.031; compared with infants). Only 1 in-hospital mortality was found in a boy aged 2 years who ingested methomyl. CONCLUSION: Infants may experience non-intentional ingestion, ingestion of non-pharmacologic substances (especially household cleaning substances), discharge without decontamination and antidote therapy more frequently than older children. Thus, we need age group-specific, preventive and therapeutic plans for children with acute poisoning.
Adolescent ; Age Distribution ; Analgesics ; Child ; Decontamination ; Eating ; Emergencies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Epidemiology ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Histamine Antagonists ; Hospital Mortality ; Hospitalization ; Household Products ; Humans ; Infant ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Methomyl ; Odds Ratio ; Poisoning

BACKGROUND: In this study, we aimed to compare repeated resection and radiation treatment, such as Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) or conventional radiotherapy (RT), and investigate the factors influencing treatment outcome, including overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and complication rates. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 67 cases of recurred intracranial meningiomas (repeated resection: 36 cases, radiation treatment: 31 cases) with 56 months of the median follow-up duration (range, 13–294 months). RESULTS: The incidence of death rate was 29.9% over follow-up period after treatment for recurred meningiomas (20/67). As independent predictable factors for OS, benign pathology [hazard ratio (HR) 0.132, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.048–0.362, p<0.001] and tumor size <3 cm (HR 0.167, 95% CI 0.061–0.452, p<0.001) were significantly associated with a longer OS. The incidence of progression rate was 23.9% (16/67). Only treatment modality was important for PFS as an independent predictable factor (GKRS/RT vs. open resection; HR 0.117, 95% CI 0.027–0.518, p<0.005). The complication rate was 14.9% in our study (10/67). Larger tumor size (≥3 cm, HR 0.060, 95% CI 0.007–0.509, p=0.010) was significant as an independent prognostic factor for development of complications. Although treatment modality was not included for multivariate analysis, it should be considered as a predictable factor for complications (p=0.001 in univariate analysis). CONCLUSION: The role of repeated resection is questionable for recurred intracranial meningiomas, considering high progression and complication rates. Frequent and regular imaging follow-up is required to detect recurred tumor sized as small as possible, and radiation treatment can be a preferred treatment.
Brain Neoplasms ; Disease-Free Survival ; Follow-Up Studies ; Incidence ; Meningioma* ; Mortality ; Multivariate Analysis ; Pathology ; Radiosurgery ; Radiotherapy ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies* ; Treatment Outcome*

OBJECTIVES: C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory biomarker, has been widely used as a preclinical marker predictive of morbidity and mortality. Although many studies have reported a positive association between CRP and mortality, uncertainty still remains about this association in various populations, especially in rural Korea. METHODS: A total of 23 233 middle-aged participants (8862 men and 14 371 women) who were free from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and acute inflammation (defined by a CRP level ≥10 mg/L) were drawn from 11 rural communities in Korea between 2005 and 2011. Blood CRP concentration was analyzed as a categorical variable (low: 0.0-0.9 mg/L; intermediate: 1.0-3.0 mg/L; high: 3.1-9.9 mg/L) as well as a continuous variable. Each participant’s vital status through December 2013 was confirmed by death statistics from the National Statistical Office. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the independent association between CRP and mortality after adjusting for other risk factors. RESULTS: The total quantity of observed person-years was 57 975 for men and 95 146 for women, and the number of deaths was 649 among men and 367 among women. Compared to the low-CRP group, the adjusted hazard ratio for all-cause mortality of the intermediate group was 1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98 to 1.40) for men and 1.27 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.61) for women, and the corresponding values for the high-CRP group were 1.98 (95% CI, 1.61 to 2.42) for men and 1.41 (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.95) for women. Similar trends were found for CRP evaluated as a continuous variable and for cardiovascular mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Higher CRP concentrations were associated with higher mortality in a rural Korean population, and this association was more prominent in men than in women.
C-Reactive Protein* ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Korea ; Male ; Mortality* ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Republic of Korea ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population ; Uncertainty

One author's name is misspelled. Correct Seungho Rhu into Seungho Ryu.

The pneumonia severity index (PSI) and CURB-65 are widely used tools for the prediction of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). This study was conducted to evaluate validation of severity scoring system including the PSI and CURB-65 scores of Korean CAP patients. In the prospective CAP cohort (participated in by 14 hospitals in Korea from January 2009 to September 2011), 883 patients aged over 18 yr were studied. The 30-day mortalities of all patients were calculated with their PSI index classes and CURB scores. The overall mortality rate was 4.5% (40/883). The mortality rates per CURB-65 score were as follows: score 0, 2.3% (6/260); score 1, 4.0% (12/300); score 2, 6.0% (13/216); score 3, 5.7% (5/88); score 4, 23.5% (4/17); and score 5, 0% (0/2). Mortality rate with PSI risk class were as follows: I, 2.3% (4/174); II, 2.7% (5/182); III, 2.3% (5/213); IV, 4.5% (11/245); and V, 21.7% (15/69). The subgroup mortality rate of Korean CAP patients varies based on the severity scores and CURB-65 is more valid for the lower scores, and PSI, for the higher scores. Thus, these variations must be considered when using PSI and CURB-65 for CAP in Korean patients.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cohort Studies ; Community-Acquired Infections/*mortality ; Female ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonia/*mortality ; Prospective Studies ; Republic of Korea ; *Severity of Illness Index ; Young Adult

In 2008, the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) initiated Korean Community Health Survey (KCHS), the first nationwide survey to provide data that could be used to plan, implement, monitor and evaluate community health promotion and disease prevention program. This community-based cross-sectional survey has been conducted by 253 community health centers, 36 community universities and 1,500 interviewers. The KCHS standardized questionnaire is developed jointly by KCDC staff, a working group of health indicators standardization subcommittee and 16 metropolitan cities and provinces with 253 regional sites. The KCHS was administered by trained interviewers and the quality control of KCHS was improved by introduction of computer-assisted personal interview in 2010. The questionnaire was reviewed annually so that revised and/or new questions could be added based on public health policy. The additional questions included the fixed and rotating cores, emerging issues and optional modules. The standardized questionnaire of KCHS covered a wide variety of health topics, which could be used to assess the prevalence of personal health behaviors related to causes of disease. The KCHS data allows that the differences of health issues among provinces can be directly compared. Furthermore, the provinces can use these data for their own cost-effective health interventions to improve health promotion and disease prevention.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Community Health Centers ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Health Behavior ; Health Promotion ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Prevalence ; Public Health ; Quality Control ; Surveys and Questionnaires