Background and Objectives: Outcomes of deferring percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) without invasive physiologic assessment for intermediate coronary lesions is uncertain.We sought to compare long-term outcomes between medical treatment and PCI of intermediate lesions without invasive physiologic assessment. Methods: A total of 899 patients with intermediate coronary lesions between 50% and 70% diameter-stenosis were randomized to the conservative group (n=449) or the aggressive group (n=450). For intermediate lesions, PCI was performed in the aggressive group, but was deferred in the conservative group. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACE, a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction [MI], or ischemia-driven any revascularization) at 3 years. Results: The number of treated lesions per patient was 0.8±0.9 in the conservative group and 1.7±0.9 in the aggressive group (p=0.001). At 3 years, the conservative group had a significantly higher incidence of MACE than the aggressive group (13.8% vs. 9.3%; hazard ratio [HR], 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00–2.21; p=0.049), mainly driven by revascularization of target intermediate lesion (6.5% vs. 1.1%; HR, 5.69; 95% CI, 2.20–14.73;p<0.001). Between 1 and 3 years after the index procedure, compared to the aggressive group, the conservative group had significantly higher incidence of cardiac death or MI (3.2% vs.0.7%; HR, 4.34; 95% CI, 1.24–15.22; p=0.022) and ischemia-driven any revascularization. Conclusions For intermediate lesions, medical therapy alone, guided only by angiography, was associated with a higher risk of MACE at 3 years compared with performing PCI, mainly due to increased revascularization.

Background and Objectives: Outcomes of deferring percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) without invasive physiologic assessment for intermediate coronary lesions is uncertain.We sought to compare long-term outcomes between medical treatment and PCI of intermediate lesions without invasive physiologic assessment. Methods: A total of 899 patients with intermediate coronary lesions between 50% and 70% diameter-stenosis were randomized to the conservative group (n=449) or the aggressive group (n=450). For intermediate lesions, PCI was performed in the aggressive group, but was deferred in the conservative group. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACE, a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction [MI], or ischemia-driven any revascularization) at 3 years. Results: The number of treated lesions per patient was 0.8±0.9 in the conservative group and 1.7±0.9 in the aggressive group (p=0.001). At 3 years, the conservative group had a significantly higher incidence of MACE than the aggressive group (13.8% vs. 9.3%; hazard ratio [HR], 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00–2.21; p=0.049), mainly driven by revascularization of target intermediate lesion (6.5% vs. 1.1%; HR, 5.69; 95% CI, 2.20–14.73;p<0.001). Between 1 and 3 years after the index procedure, compared to the aggressive group, the conservative group had significantly higher incidence of cardiac death or MI (3.2% vs.0.7%; HR, 4.34; 95% CI, 1.24–15.22; p=0.022) and ischemia-driven any revascularization. Conclusions For intermediate lesions, medical therapy alone, guided only by angiography, was associated with a higher risk of MACE at 3 years compared with performing PCI, mainly due to increased revascularization.

Background and Objectives: Outcomes of deferring percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) without invasive physiologic assessment for intermediate coronary lesions is uncertain.We sought to compare long-term outcomes between medical treatment and PCI of intermediate lesions without invasive physiologic assessment. Methods: A total of 899 patients with intermediate coronary lesions between 50% and 70% diameter-stenosis were randomized to the conservative group (n=449) or the aggressive group (n=450). For intermediate lesions, PCI was performed in the aggressive group, but was deferred in the conservative group. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACE, a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction [MI], or ischemia-driven any revascularization) at 3 years. Results: The number of treated lesions per patient was 0.8±0.9 in the conservative group and 1.7±0.9 in the aggressive group (p=0.001). At 3 years, the conservative group had a significantly higher incidence of MACE than the aggressive group (13.8% vs. 9.3%; hazard ratio [HR], 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00–2.21; p=0.049), mainly driven by revascularization of target intermediate lesion (6.5% vs. 1.1%; HR, 5.69; 95% CI, 2.20–14.73;p<0.001). Between 1 and 3 years after the index procedure, compared to the aggressive group, the conservative group had significantly higher incidence of cardiac death or MI (3.2% vs.0.7%; HR, 4.34; 95% CI, 1.24–15.22; p=0.022) and ischemia-driven any revascularization. Conclusions For intermediate lesions, medical therapy alone, guided only by angiography, was associated with a higher risk of MACE at 3 years compared with performing PCI, mainly due to increased revascularization.

Background and Objectives: Outcomes of deferring percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) without invasive physiologic assessment for intermediate coronary lesions is uncertain.We sought to compare long-term outcomes between medical treatment and PCI of intermediate lesions without invasive physiologic assessment. Methods: A total of 899 patients with intermediate coronary lesions between 50% and 70% diameter-stenosis were randomized to the conservative group (n=449) or the aggressive group (n=450). For intermediate lesions, PCI was performed in the aggressive group, but was deferred in the conservative group. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACE, a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction [MI], or ischemia-driven any revascularization) at 3 years. Results: The number of treated lesions per patient was 0.8±0.9 in the conservative group and 1.7±0.9 in the aggressive group (p=0.001). At 3 years, the conservative group had a significantly higher incidence of MACE than the aggressive group (13.8% vs. 9.3%; hazard ratio [HR], 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00–2.21; p=0.049), mainly driven by revascularization of target intermediate lesion (6.5% vs. 1.1%; HR, 5.69; 95% CI, 2.20–14.73;p<0.001). Between 1 and 3 years after the index procedure, compared to the aggressive group, the conservative group had significantly higher incidence of cardiac death or MI (3.2% vs.0.7%; HR, 4.34; 95% CI, 1.24–15.22; p=0.022) and ischemia-driven any revascularization. Conclusions For intermediate lesions, medical therapy alone, guided only by angiography, was associated with a higher risk of MACE at 3 years compared with performing PCI, mainly due to increased revascularization.

Background: This study aimed to identify factors that influence the maintenance of long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAI) for over a year in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Seventy patients from Naju National Hospital were divided into two groups: those who maintained LAI for over a year (maintaining group, n=39) and those who discontinued (dropout group, n=31). Sociodemographic and clinical factors were compared using medical records and assessments, including the Birchwood Insight Scale (BIS), Drug Attitude Inventory-10 (DAI-10), and World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment instrument. Results: The number of rehospitalizations was significantly lower in the maintaining group (p=0.030). The highest previous Global Assessment of Functioning Scale score within a year of starting LAI was significantly higher in the maintaining group (p=0.002), with a higher number of individuals being employed in this group (p=0.029). The mean BIS (p=0.010) and DAI-10 (p=0.003) scores were higher in the maintaining group. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the DAI-10 (B=0.148, p=0.014) had a significant impact on maintaining LAI. Conclusion Our study suggests that a positive drug attitude is one of the key factors in maintaining LAI treatment, preventing relapses and supporting long-term stabilization in schizophrenia.

Background: This study aimed to identify factors that influence the maintenance of long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAI) for over a year in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Seventy patients from Naju National Hospital were divided into two groups: those who maintained LAI for over a year (maintaining group, n=39) and those who discontinued (dropout group, n=31). Sociodemographic and clinical factors were compared using medical records and assessments, including the Birchwood Insight Scale (BIS), Drug Attitude Inventory-10 (DAI-10), and World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment instrument. Results: The number of rehospitalizations was significantly lower in the maintaining group (p=0.030). The highest previous Global Assessment of Functioning Scale score within a year of starting LAI was significantly higher in the maintaining group (p=0.002), with a higher number of individuals being employed in this group (p=0.029). The mean BIS (p=0.010) and DAI-10 (p=0.003) scores were higher in the maintaining group. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the DAI-10 (B=0.148, p=0.014) had a significant impact on maintaining LAI. Conclusion Our study suggests that a positive drug attitude is one of the key factors in maintaining LAI treatment, preventing relapses and supporting long-term stabilization in schizophrenia.

Background: This study aimed to identify factors that influence the maintenance of long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAI) for over a year in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Seventy patients from Naju National Hospital were divided into two groups: those who maintained LAI for over a year (maintaining group, n=39) and those who discontinued (dropout group, n=31). Sociodemographic and clinical factors were compared using medical records and assessments, including the Birchwood Insight Scale (BIS), Drug Attitude Inventory-10 (DAI-10), and World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment instrument. Results: The number of rehospitalizations was significantly lower in the maintaining group (p=0.030). The highest previous Global Assessment of Functioning Scale score within a year of starting LAI was significantly higher in the maintaining group (p=0.002), with a higher number of individuals being employed in this group (p=0.029). The mean BIS (p=0.010) and DAI-10 (p=0.003) scores were higher in the maintaining group. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the DAI-10 (B=0.148, p=0.014) had a significant impact on maintaining LAI. Conclusion Our study suggests that a positive drug attitude is one of the key factors in maintaining LAI treatment, preventing relapses and supporting long-term stabilization in schizophrenia.

Background: This study aimed to identify factors that influence the maintenance of long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAI) for over a year in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Seventy patients from Naju National Hospital were divided into two groups: those who maintained LAI for over a year (maintaining group, n=39) and those who discontinued (dropout group, n=31). Sociodemographic and clinical factors were compared using medical records and assessments, including the Birchwood Insight Scale (BIS), Drug Attitude Inventory-10 (DAI-10), and World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment instrument. Results: The number of rehospitalizations was significantly lower in the maintaining group (p=0.030). The highest previous Global Assessment of Functioning Scale score within a year of starting LAI was significantly higher in the maintaining group (p=0.002), with a higher number of individuals being employed in this group (p=0.029). The mean BIS (p=0.010) and DAI-10 (p=0.003) scores were higher in the maintaining group. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the DAI-10 (B=0.148, p=0.014) had a significant impact on maintaining LAI. Conclusion Our study suggests that a positive drug attitude is one of the key factors in maintaining LAI treatment, preventing relapses and supporting long-term stabilization in schizophrenia.

Background: This study aimed to identify factors that influence the maintenance of long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAI) for over a year in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Seventy patients from Naju National Hospital were divided into two groups: those who maintained LAI for over a year (maintaining group, n=39) and those who discontinued (dropout group, n=31). Sociodemographic and clinical factors were compared using medical records and assessments, including the Birchwood Insight Scale (BIS), Drug Attitude Inventory-10 (DAI-10), and World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment instrument. Results: The number of rehospitalizations was significantly lower in the maintaining group (p=0.030). The highest previous Global Assessment of Functioning Scale score within a year of starting LAI was significantly higher in the maintaining group (p=0.002), with a higher number of individuals being employed in this group (p=0.029). The mean BIS (p=0.010) and DAI-10 (p=0.003) scores were higher in the maintaining group. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the DAI-10 (B=0.148, p=0.014) had a significant impact on maintaining LAI. Conclusion Our study suggests that a positive drug attitude is one of the key factors in maintaining LAI treatment, preventing relapses and supporting long-term stabilization in schizophrenia.

Background: Currently, non-vitamin K-antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC) monotherapy has been suggested as the optimal antithrombotic therapy for atrial fibrillation (AF) beyond one year after coronary revascularization. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes between NOAC monotherapy and NOAC plus antiplatelet combination therapy using realworld data. Methods: Between 2015 and 2020, patients with AF who had received NOACs beyond one year after coronary revascularization were enrolled from Korean national insurance data. We emulated a pragmatic sequence of trials between the NOAC monotherapy and the antiplatelet combination therapy followed by propensity score matching. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Results: Among 206,407 person-trials from 4,465 individuals, we compared 3,275 pairs of the monotherapy and the matched combination therapy. During a median follow-up of 1.24 years, the incidence rate of MACCE was 19.4% and 20.0% per patient-year in the monotherapy group and the antiplatelet combination group, respectively (hazard ratio [HR], 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88–1.05; P = 0.422). Compared with the antiplatelet combination group, the monotherapy group had a significantly lower incidence rate of major bleeding, defined as intracranial bleeding or gastrointestinal bleeding requiring hospitalization (2.8% vs. 3.6% per patient-year; HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.62–0.97; P = 0.024). Conclusion As an antithrombotic therapy for AF beyond one year after coronary revascularization, NOAC monotherapy was associated with a similar risk of MACCE and a lower risk of major bleeding compared to NOAC plus antiplatelet combination therapy.