Adult ; Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Hypohidrosis ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Rupture ; Thalamus ; diagnostic imaging ; Third Ventricle ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

BACKGROUND: It has been known that the most effective treatment method of hyperhidrosis is video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathetic nerve block. Postoperative compensatory hyperhidrosis and anhidrosis are major factors that decrease the postoperative satisfaction. Although sympathetic rami have been selectively blocked to decrease the complications, technical difficulties and excessive bleeding have prevented the universal application. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Three pre-fixative cadavers were dissected before clinical application. Bilateral sympathetic chains were exposed in supine position after the whole anterior chest wall was removed. Second and third sympathetic rami were blocked using clips. After the sympathetic chains including ganglia were removed, we evaluated the extents of rami block. Twenty-five patients were subjected to the clinical application. Surgeries were performed in semi- fowlers position under general anesthesia and bilateral ventilation. 2 mm thoracoscopy and 5 mm trocar were introduced through third and fourth intercostal space, respectively. Second and third sympathetic rami were blocked using thoracoscopic clips. The postoperative complications, satisfaction, and compensatory hyperhidrosis rate were evaluated retrospectively. RESULT: Sympathetic rami were completely blocked in cadaver dissection study. Hyperhidrosis symptom was improved in all patients without operative complication. Operative time was shorter than that of traditional ramicotomy. All patients, except four, were satisfied with postoperative palmar hyperhidrosis. Compensatory hyperhidrosis was more severely happened in fifteen patients (60%). The remaining six patients had no complaint. Two patients had a minimal degree of gustatory hyperhidrosis. CONCLUSION: This operative method had shorter operative time and less complication rate, compared with traditional ramicotomy. Operative success rate was similar to the traditional sympathicotomy; lower extent and occurrence rate of compensatory hyperhidrosis. The thoracic sympathetic rami clipping was suggested as an alternative method for treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis.
Anesthesia, General ; Autonomic Nerve Block ; Cadaver* ; Ganglia ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hyperhidrosis* ; Hypohidrosis ; Operative Time ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Supine Position ; Surgical Instruments ; Sweating, Gustatory ; Sympathetic Nervous System ; Thoracic Wall ; Thoracoscopy ; Ventilation

BACKGROUND: Video-assisted thoracic sympathicotomy is a safe and effective therapy for the treatment of essential hyperhidrosis with immediate symptomatic improvement. However, this is offset by the occurrence of a high rate of side effects, such as embarrassing compensatory hyperhidrosis. Therefore, by comparing and assessing the degree of symptomatic improvement or compensatory sweating following sympathicotomy at various levels and the extent of block, we are to determine the optimal level of sympathicotomy and which method will result in minimal side effects and maximal benefits. MATERIAL AND METHOD: From January 1998 to June 2001, the thoracoscopic sympathicotomy was performed in 150 patients suffering from essential hyperhidrosis in the Dept. of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Wonkwang University Hospital. The patients were divided into three groups. Group I(n=50): patients having undergone T2,3,4 sympathicotomy, Group II(n=50): patients having undergone T2 sympathicotomy which consist of blocking the interganglionic neural fiber on the second rib, and group III(n=50): patients having undergone T3 sympathicotomy which consist of blocking the interganglionic neural fiber on the third rib. The parameters were composed of the satisfaction rate of treatment, the degree of compensatory sweating, postoperative complications, and changes of plantar sweating. RESULTS: There was no difference in age and sex among the groups. All of the treated patients obtained satisfactory alleviation of essential hyperhidrosis in immediate postoperative period. However the rate of long-term satisfaction were 80%, 92%, and 96% in groups I, II, and III respectively(p<0.05). More than embarrassing compensatory hyperhidrosis was present in 50%, 28%, and 18% in groups I, II, and III respectively(p<0.05). Slight but comfortable amounts of palmar humidness was expressed in decreasing order, group III(34%), group II(6%), and group I(4%) respectively (p<0.05). In regard to plantar sweating, decrease in sweating was expressed in each of the three groups, but was not significant between the groups. CONCLUSION: we suggested that the incidence and degree of compensatory hyperhidrosis is closely related to the site and the extent of thoracic sympathicotomy. The resection of the lower interganglionic neural fiber of the second thoracic sympathetic ganglion on the third rib is a practical and minimally invasive method for the treatment of essential hyperhidrosis than other surgical methods. It showed less incidence and degree of compensatory truncal hyperhidrosis and facial anhidrosis, and also caused lesser dryness of hand.
Ganglia, Sympathetic ; Hand ; Humans ; Hyperhidrosis* ; Hypohidrosis ; Incidence ; Postoperative Complications ; Postoperative Period ; Ribs ; Sweat ; Sweating

Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) is a very rare genetic disorder of the peripheral nervous system characterized by recurrent episodes of unexplained fever, generalized anhidrosis, insensitivity to pain and temperature, and accompanied by self-mutilating behavior and mental retardation. We report on a 16 month-old boy with CIPA who exhibited these characteristic clinical features. A sural nerve biopsy revealed markedly reduced numbers of unmyelinated and small myelinated fibers, consistent with the characteristic features of CIPA.
Atrophy ; Case Report ; Fingers ; Human ; Hypohidrosis/pathology* ; Hypohidrosis/complications ; Infant ; Korea ; Male ; Mental Retardation/pathology ; Mental Retardation/complications ; Microscopy, Electron ; Nerve Fibers/ultrastructure ; Nerve Fibers/pathology ; Pain Insensitivity, Congenital/pathology* ; Pain Insensitivity, Congenital/complications ; Self Mutilation/pathology ; Self Mutilation/etiology ; Sural Nerve/pathology ; Tongue