OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare psychological test profiles of psychiatric outpatients with high and low depression/suicide ideation and to identify predictor variables for depression/suicide ideation. METHODS: Component scores of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) were compared using t-tests. Discriminant analysis was conducted for predictor variables of depression/suicide ideation. RESULTS: Regarding PAI profiles, somatic complaints (SOM), anxiety (ANX), anxiety-related disorder (ARD), depression (DEP), paranoia (PAR), borderline features (BOR), antisocial features (ANT), mania (MAN) drug problems (DRG) scores were significantly elevated in high depression and high suicide ideation groups. Concerning MMPI-2 profiles, the scores of hypochondriasis (Hs), depression (D), hysteria (Hy), psychopathic deviate (Pd), paranoia (Pa), psychasthenia (Pt), schizophrenia (Sc), social introversion (Si) were significantly elevated in these same groups. The PAI and MMPI-2 profile shapes were remarkably similar between high depression and high suicide ideation groups. Therefore, in terms of psychological profile, depression and suicidal ideation seemed to reflect the same construct. However, in discriminant analysis, significant predictors for depression were found to be Pt and D Sc from MMPI-2, while those for suicide ideation were found to be Pa and Sc, suggest subtle differences. CONCLUSION: The superficial characteristics of depression and suicide ideation groups reflected by the psychological test profiles seemed similar, but the determining factors may differ. Thus, the psychological interventions for these two groups may have to follow different routes considering these subtle differences.
Anxiety ; Bipolar Disorder ; Depression ; Discriminant Analysis ; Humans ; Hypochondriasis ; Hysteria ; Introversion (Psychology) ; Minnesota ; Outpatients ; Paranoid Disorders ; Personality Assessment ; Psychological Tests ; Schizophrenia ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A cardiologist's evaluation of psychiatric symptoms in patients with chest pain is rare. This study aimed to determine the psychiatric characteristics of patients with and without coronary artery disease (CAD) and explore their relationship with the intensity of chest pain. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Out of 139 consecutive patients referred to the cardiology outpatient department, 31 with atypical chest pain (heartburn, acid regurgitation, dyspnea, and palpitation) were excluded and 108 were enrolled for the present study. The enrolled patients underwent complete numerical rating scale of chest pain and the symptom checklist for minor psychiatric disorders at the time of first outpatient visit. The non-CAD group consisted of patients with a normal stress test, coronary computed tomography angiogram, or coronary angiogram, and the CAD group included those with an abnormal coronary angiogram. RESULTS: Nineteen patients (17.6%) were diagnosed with CAD. No differences in the psychiatric characteristics were observed between the groups. "Feeling tense", "self-reproach", and "trouble falling asleep" were more frequently observed in the non-CAD (p=0.007; p=0.046; p=0.044) group. In a multiple linear regression analysis with a stepwise selection, somatization without chest pain in the non-CAD group and hypochondriasis in the CAD group were linearly associated with the intensity of chest pain (β=0.108, R2=0.092, p=0.004; β= -0.525, R2=0.290, p=0.010). CONCLUSION: No differences in psychiatric characteristics were observed between the groups. The intensity of chest pain was linearly associated with somatization without chest pain in the non-CAD group and inversely linearly associated with hypochondriasis in the CAD group.
Cardiology ; Checklist ; Chest Pain* ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Disease ; Dyspnea ; Exercise Test ; Humans ; Hypochondriasis ; Linear Models ; Outpatients* ; Psychology ; Thorax*

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the cognition and emotional response of the public in Zhejiang province during the epidemic of human H7N9 avian influenza and provide scientific support for group psychological intervention under public health emergency.

METHODS57 communities in 19 counties from Hangzhou, Jiaxing and Lishui district of Zhejiang province were selected as survey sites using stratified clustered sampling method from March, 2013 to April, 2014. 2 319 ordinary civilians were chosen using convenience sampling method and 390 individuals who had close contact history with H7N9 avian influenza patients, 109 family members of patients and 281 medical workers, were selected using census method. The inclusion criteria for subjects were: subjects aged over 10 years; could complete the questionnaire independently or with the help of the investigators. A total of 2 709 subjects were surveyed by avian influenza risk perception and response questionnaire, negative emotion questionnaire was also used to see their cognition and negative emotion related to the disease. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the interrelationship between public risk perception, response and negative emotions.

RESULTS95.10% (2 576)of the subjects have sensed the risk of epidemic and 91.00% (2 465) of the subjects have taken preventive measures in 2 709 subjects. The positive rate for depression, neurasthenia, fear, anxiety and hypochondriasis were 36.40% (986) , 37.21% (1 008) , 79.70% (2 159) , 33.41% (905) , 27.69% (750) respectively (χ(2)=1 935.89, P<0.001) ;the P(50)(P(25)-P(75)) of the depression scores of patients' family members, medical workers and the general public were 0.50 (0.00-0.83), 0.17 (0.00-0.67), 0.17 (0.00-0.50) (H= 7.27, P=0.03) ; the neurasthenia scores were 0.20 (0.00-0.60), 0.2 (0.00-0.40), 0.00 (0.00-0.20) (H= 64.74, P<0.001) ; fear scores were 0.83 (0.33-1.17), 0.33 (0.17-0.67), 0.33 (0.17-0.83) (H=30.03, P< 0.001) ; anxiety scores were 0.17(0.00-0.50), 0.00(0.00-0.33), 0.00(0.00-0.17) (H=51.82, P<0.001). The neurasthenia, fear, anxiety scores (P(50)(P(25)-P(75))) for females among the public were 0.00(0.00-0.20), 0.50(0.17-0.83), 0.00(0.00-0.17), which were higher than those of male's (0.00(0.00-0.20), 0.33(0.00-0.67), 0.00(0.00-0.17)) (χ(2) values were 5.26, 27.52, 8.29, P<0.05); Among medical staff, the depression, neurasthenia, fear, anxiety and hypochondriasis scores for females were 0.33(0.00-0.67), 0.20(0.00-0.40), 0.50(0.17-0.83), 0.00(0.00-0.33), 0.00(0.00-0.50) respectively, which were higher than those of males'(0.00(0.00-0.50), 0.00(0.00-0.40), 0.33(0.17-0.50), 0.00(0.00-0.17), 0.00(0.00-0.00))(χ(2) values were 7.22, 7.97, 14.46, 4.93, 5.22, P<0.05); for the family members of the patients who were in poor mental conditions when doing self-assessment, their depression and neurasthenia scores were 0.50(0.08-0.96), 0.30(0.00-0.55), which were higher than those of people in good mental conditions (0.17(0.00-0.83), 0.20(0.00-0.60)) (χ(2) values were 12.95, 11.20, P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the subjects' risk perception level was positively correlated with depression, neurasthenia, fear, and hypochondriasis, with the correlation coefficients 0.07, 0.07, 0.08, 0.04, respectively (P<0.05) ; the subjects' risk response level was also positively related with depression, neurasthenia, fear, anxiety and hypochondriasis, and the correlation coefficients were 0.09, 0.09, 0.12, 0.05, 0.04, respectively (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe general public was highly concerned about the epidemic of H7N9 avian influenza and developed certain levels of negative emotions. The female, equal or over 60 years old, those with poor educational level, agricultural related occupation and poor physical and psychology health were risk factors of disease related negative emotions. The subject's risk perception and response level was positively related with depression, neurasthenia, fear and hypochondriasis.

Anxiety ; China ; Depression ; Epidemics ; Family ; Fear ; Female ; Humans ; Hypochondriasis ; Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype ; Influenza, Human ; psychology ; Male ; Neurasthenia ; Occupations ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVES: To identify changes in relationships with superiors or colleagues at work and family members and social networks at home, based on occupational stress and psychological characteristics in during the process of restructuring some plants undergoing a long-term labor dispute. METHODS: This study invested 213 workers involved in a long-term labor dispute using the KOSS (Korean Occupational Stress Scale) and the MMPI-2 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) and questionnaires. The KOSS and MMPI-2 scores in accordance with aggressiveness of trade union activity and changes in human relationships were compared. In addition, the odds ratio of whether there were differences in health behavior (perception of health status, smoking, alcohol abuse, medical treatment) and the absenteeism rate was calculated by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: For members of the aggressiveness of trade union activity group, the rate at which the relationship between superiors or colleagues deteriorated was high, as was the total KOSS score, occupational system and lack of reward score of KOSS subclass. The depression subclass score of MMPI-2 was generally high, while the score of hypochondriasis, hysteria, psychopathic deviate, hypomania was high, and social introversion was low in the active group. In cases in which there were high score of psychopathic deviate, hypomania and paranoia, there were also signs of negative health behavior. CONCLUSIONS: Occupational stress caused by a long-term labor dispute, accompanied with depression can result in an aggressive, hostile and vulnerable personalities and have a negative impact on health behavior.
Absenteeism ; Alcoholism ; Depression ; Dissent and Disputes ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Hypochondriasis ; Hysteria ; Introversion (Psychology) ; Labor Unions ; Logistic Models ; Odds Ratio ; Paranoid Disorders ; Questionnaires ; Reward ; Smoke ; Smoking

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to compare characteristics of parents of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children in relationship to treatment compliance. METHODS: A total of 271 school-aged children diagnosed with ADHD were devided into two groups by treatment duration; early dropout group (n=117, treatments discontinued within three months) and continuous treatment groups (n=154, treatments continued for more than three months). Scores on the Korean Personality Inventory for Children (KPI-C), Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), Korean Parenting Sense of Competence (K-PSOC), Korean Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (K-PSI-SF), and Parental Acceptance Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ) were compared between two groups. RESULTS: According to the results of the KPI-C, parents of the early dropout group showed a higher tendency to regard their children's symptoms as 'somatization' and 'delinquency', compared with those of continuous treatment groups (49.9 vs. 46.3 and 60.9 vs. 58.2, p=0.048 and 0.046, respectively). Parents in the early dropout group showed higher scores on hypochondriasis and psychasthenia subscales in MMPI (54.7 vs. 52.1 and 51.5 vs. 48.5, p=0.024, and 0.017, respectively). The results of the K-PSOC showed that parents in the early dropout group perceived a lower sense of parenting competence (27.3 vs. 58.6, p=0.047). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggested that characteristics of the parents and their perspectives regarding children's symptoms could be possible factors associated with treatment compliance in ADHD. Further researches on this issue may provide opportunities to improve treatment compliance for children with ADHD.
Child ; Compliance ; Humans ; Hypochondriasis ; Mental Competency ; MMPI ; Parenting ; Parents ; Patient Dropouts ; Personality Inventory ; Pilot Projects ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rejection (Psychology)

OBJECTIVEThe present study was designed to investigate the influence of viral myocarditis on mental behavior of the children.

METHODSMentality and behavior of the 178 children suffering from viral myocarditis were examined with Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) edited by Gong Yao-xian in 1986 and 104 sex, age, education and achievement-matched children with pneumonia or upper respiratory infection were enrolled as controls.

RESULTSThe mentality and behavior of the children with viral myocarditis were distinctly abnormal. The abnormal rates of boys and girls suffering from acute and deferment viral myocarditis were evidently higher than those of control children (P < 0.01). The behavioral abnormalities of boys were hypochondria, social difficulties, unwell of body and attack. Whereas, the girls presented hypochondria, unwell of body, social flinch and disobeyed discipline, which was significantly different from the control children. The total and hypochondria cursory mark of the second check result of deferment boys were evidently higher than those of the first check (P < 0.05). The total cursory mark of the second check result of deferment girls was higher than that of the first check (P < 0.05) and evidently higher than that of the acute second check result (P < 0.01). The abnormal rates of mentality and behavior correlated positively with the age of children and they were associated with the severity of the illness.

CONCLUSIONViral myocarditis evidently affected the mentality and behavior of children, which should be paid great attention to.

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior ; psychology ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child Behavior ; psychology ; Child Behavior Disorders ; etiology ; psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypochondriasis ; etiology ; psychology ; Juvenile Delinquency ; psychology ; Male ; Myocarditis ; psychology ; virology ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Severity of Illness Index ; Social Behavior ; Virus Diseases ; psychology

Onychotillomania, named by Alkiewicz, is a rare psychocutaneous disorder of the nails, and various psychological factors predispose the development of this condition. There has been no report of onychotillomania in Korea. We herein report two cases of onychotillomania seen in the nail clinic of our outpatient department. The first case was a 72 year old woman, who presented with a varying degree of dystrophic change to the first, second and third toenails on her right foot. She had a history of a depressive disorder and hypochondriasis. The second case was a 70 year old woman, who presented with complete destruction of the big toenail on her right foot, plus the 3rd and 4th fingernails of her right hand.
Aged ; Depressive Disorder ; Female ; Foot ; Hand ; Humans ; Hypochondriasis ; Korea ; Nails ; Outpatients ; Psychology

BACKGROUND: Trigeminal neuralgia and atypical facial pain are representative disease entities of chronic facial pain. Most patients of these disaeses could be accompanied with psychological, emotional problems as their pain become chronic. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether different types of chronic facial pain lead to alteration in personality disorder or they are associated with particular characteristics of personality disorders using Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI). METHODS: 40 patients of trigeminal neuralgia and 21 patients of atypical facial pain who had responded MMPI were enrolled in this study. Two groups were compared for age, sex, pain intensity (Visual analogue scale, VAS), duration of pain, MMPI scores and psychological impression from MMPI results. RESULTS: Pain intensity and chronicity were more severe and longer in trigeminal neuralgia group than atypical facial pain. However, some MMPI profiles such as hypochondriasis and hysteria were significantly elevated in atypical facial pain. Pain intensity and duration did not correlate with MMPI profiles in each group. Meaningful psychological impression from MMPI results which were interpreted by one psychologist were shown in 13 patients of trigeminal neuralgia (32.5%) and 14 patients of atypical facial pain (66.7%). Especially, psychosomatic disorder was most frequently found in atypical facial pain patients (47.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Atypical facial pain have more psychologic and emotional problems than trigeminal neuralgia, regardless of pain intensity and chronicity. Therefore, psychologic evaluation and treatment should be considered in atypical facial pain.
Chronic Pain ; Facial Pain* ; Humans ; Hypochondriasis ; Hysteria ; Minnesota* ; MMPI* ; Personality Disorders ; Psychology ; Psychophysiologic Disorders ; Trigeminal Neuralgia*

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study OBJECTIVES: To study the socio-psychological adaptation through the psychoanalysis in the patients with spinal cord injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From May 1998 to Aug. 2003 we chose the 15 patients who have been undergone surgery for spinal cord injury after spinal fracture. Psycological analysis were based on the Korean version of Beck Depression Index(K-BDI), Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI), and valuation of quality of life. RESULTS: K-BDI applied results showed an average of 33.5+/-10.3, having a higher average than normal. Hamilton Anxiety Scale resulted with an average of 32.4+/-9.4. 4 patients were taken intensive care psychologically beause of depression. The Lie score out of the MMPI`s suitability scale showed 43.3+/-9.7, Validity score as 75.4+/-23.6, and Defensiveness score with 47.7+/-10.6 as average and standard deviation, resulting a higher as to normal. Further more, clinical scales of Hypochondriasis scale was 69.9+/-12.6, Depression as 65.5+/-15.3, Hysteria scale as 67.9+/-11.5, Psychopathic deviate as 65.6+/-12.1, Paranonia as 71.9+/-17.6, Psychasthenia scale as 67.9+/-12.3, Schizophrenia as 70.4+/-17.8, Hypomania scale as 54.0+/-11.3, and social introversion scale as much as 60.1+/-15.0 higher than normal. In evaluation the quality of life, there was a prominent issue in the occupation(0.1) and economic independence(0.5) out of the total 6 items, difference was 0.6, social adaptation was 0.8, physical independence was 0.7 and orientation(1.6) was similar to normal person. CONCLUSION: As the physical and the psychological changes abrupt at the same time with the spinal cord injury, it is important to encourage the patients to have a strong ego to have an optimistic confidence of recuperation.
Anxiety ; Depression ; Ego ; Humans ; Hypochondriasis ; Hysteria ; Critical Care ; Introversion (Psychology) ; Minnesota ; Psychoanalysis ; Quality of Life* ; Retrospective Studies ; Schizophrenia ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord* ; Spinal Fractures* ; Weights and Measures

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study OBJECTIVES: To study the socio-psychological adaptation through the psychoanalysis in the patients with spinal cord injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From May 1998 to Aug. 2003 we chose the 15 patients who have been undergone surgery for spinal cord injury after spinal fracture. Psycological analysis were based on the Korean version of Beck Depression Index(K-BDI), Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI), and valuation of quality of life. RESULTS: K-BDI applied results showed an average of 33.5+/-10.3, having a higher average than normal. Hamilton Anxiety Scale resulted with an average of 32.4+/-9.4. 4 patients were taken intensive care psychologically beause of depression. The Lie score out of the MMPI`s suitability scale showed 43.3+/-9.7, Validity score as 75.4+/-23.6, and Defensiveness score with 47.7+/-10.6 as average and standard deviation, resulting a higher as to normal. Further more, clinical scales of Hypochondriasis scale was 69.9+/-12.6, Depression as 65.5+/-15.3, Hysteria scale as 67.9+/-11.5, Psychopathic deviate as 65.6+/-12.1, Paranonia as 71.9+/-17.6, Psychasthenia scale as 67.9+/-12.3, Schizophrenia as 70.4+/-17.8, Hypomania scale as 54.0+/-11.3, and social introversion scale as much as 60.1+/-15.0 higher than normal. In evaluation the quality of life, there was a prominent issue in the occupation(0.1) and economic independence(0.5) out of the total 6 items, difference was 0.6, social adaptation was 0.8, physical independence was 0.7 and orientation(1.6) was similar to normal person. CONCLUSION: As the physical and the psychological changes abrupt at the same time with the spinal cord injury, it is important to encourage the patients to have a strong ego to have an optimistic confidence of recuperation.
Anxiety ; Depression ; Ego ; Humans ; Hypochondriasis ; Hysteria ; Critical Care ; Introversion (Psychology) ; Minnesota ; Psychoanalysis ; Quality of Life* ; Retrospective Studies ; Schizophrenia ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord* ; Spinal Fractures* ; Weights and Measures