Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Fibromuscular Dysplasia/complications* ; Renal Artery ; Hypertension, Renovascular/etiology* ; Renal Artery Obstruction/complications* ; Hypertension/complications*

Fibromuscular Dysplasia/diagnostic imaging* ; Humans ; Hypertension/complications* ; Hypertension, Renovascular/etiology* ; Kidney ; Renal Artery/diagnostic imaging*

No abstract available.
Adult ; Angiography, Digital Subtraction ; Angioplasty, Balloon ; *Blood Pressure ; Female ; Fibromuscular Dysplasia/*complications/diagnosis ; Humans ; Hypertension, Renovascular/diagnosis/*etiology/physiopathology/therapy ; Renal Artery Obstruction/diagnosis/*etiology/physiopathology/therapy ; Treatment Outcome

This experiment on rats was aimed to investigate the expression of intermedin (IMD) in hypertrophic cardiac myoctye of renal vascular hypertension induced by incomplete ligation of the left renal artery, and so to detect and compare the changes of the expression after administration of Valsartan, Amlodipine and Enalapril respectively. The criterion for standard modeling was systolic pressure > or = 140 mmHg. At 4 weeks after successful modeling, 60 SD male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, namely the hypertrophy group, the 3 drug-treatment groups, and the sham-operation group as control. Blood pressure, left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and the left ventricular mean transverse diameter of myocardial cell (LVTDM) were investigated at the 10th week after model establishment. Gene expression of IMD mRNA was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the optical density of the band was measured by use of the Gel Documentation System. The ratio of IMD mRNA to beta-actin mRNA was considered the relative amount of IMD. When compared with control, the blood pressure increased significantly in the hypertrophy group. There was no statistically significant difference between the treatment groups. No significant difference in heart rate was noted at 4 weeks after operation in all groups. LVMI and LVTDM levels were significantly higher in the hypertrophy group than in the other groups; LVMI and LVTDM levels showed no significant difference among the treatment groups but they were obviously higher than those of the Sham-operation group. The gene expression of IMD mRNA in the hypertrophy group was upregulated in the myocardium, when compared with that in the other groups. Meanwhile, although IMD mRNA in the treament groups was higher than that in the Sham-operation group, no statistically significant difference of myocardial IMD mRNA was found between the treament groups. These results suggested that, in this experiment, intracardiac IMD mRNA was upregulated and could participate in the regulation of cardiac remodeling in renal vascular hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy. This upregulation could improve the pathologic and physiologic process of cardiac hypertrophy, and could associate with the pressure loading or myocardia hypertrophy. However, the change did not display any difference that could be attributed to the variety of hypotensive drugs.
Adrenomedullin ; genetics ; metabolism ; Amlodipine ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Antihypertensive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Cardiomegaly ; etiology ; metabolism ; Enalapril ; therapeutic use ; Hypertension, Renovascular ; complications ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Male ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Neuropeptides ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tetrazoles ; therapeutic use ; Valine ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Valsartan

OBJECTIVETo study the changes in the mRNA expression of endothelial cellular adhesion molecules in the cerebral blood vessels in rats with prestroke condition caused by simulated cold wave.

METHODSTwo-kidney two-clip renovascular hypertension was induced in 48 male SD rats, which were subsequently randomly assigned into cold wave exposure and non-exposed group (n=24). Each group was further divided into 4 sub-groups according to their systolic blood pressure, namely the sham-operated group with blood pressure (BP)<140 mmHg, mild hypertensive group with BP of 160-199 mmHg, moderate hypertensive group with BP of 200-219 mmHg, and severe hypertensive group with BP no less than 220 mmHg. Cold wave exposure was simulated by housing the rats in an artificial climate chamber with 3 cycles of 12 h light at 22 degrees celsius; and 12 h dark at 4 degrees celsius;. The non-exposed group was kept at 22 degrees celsius; throughout the experiment. After the exposure, the rats were sacrificed and the tissues of the frontal lobe were slice into 2.0-mm-thick coronal sections for real-time RT-PCR detection of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and p-selectin mRNA expressions. The 5.0-microm-thick frozen sections from the bregma section underwent in situ hybridization of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and p-selectin. The other sections were stained with HE to observe the infarct lesions, and the rats with cerebral infraction were excluded from the statistical analysis.

RESULTSIn rats with cold wave exposure-induced prestroke condition and BP <220 mmHg, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and p-selectin mRNA expressions all increased compared with those in the non-exposed group. In rats with BP>or=220 mmHg and cold exposure, the expressions all decreased to some extent compared with those in the non-exposed treatment. In the non-exposed rats, a positive correlation of BP to VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and p-selectin mRNA expressions were noted, and this correlation was also found in cold-wave-exposed rats with BP <220 mmHg; VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and p-selectin mRNA expressions decreased dramatically in the exposed rats with BP >or=220 mmHg compared with those in rats with BP <220 mmHg.

CONCLUSIONPersistent and severe hypertension impairs the modulatory function of the cerebral vascular endothelia, which is a prerequisite for the stroke vulnerability. The modulatory function deteriorates as the BP further increases.

Animals ; Atmosphere Exposure Chambers ; Cerebral Arteries ; metabolism ; Cold Temperature ; Environment, Controlled ; Equipment Design ; Hypertension, Renovascular ; complications ; metabolism ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; P-Selectin ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stroke ; etiology ; metabolism ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; genetics ; metabolism

Using two-kidney one-clip renal hypertensive (2K1C group), stress-induced hypertensive (neural group), DOCA-salt treated hypertensive (DOCA group) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR group), to investigate the change in AT(1A)-receptor autoantibodies (AT(1A)-AAs) during the development of the four types of hypertension. The biological activities of AT(1A)-AAs were examined. It was shown that the frequency of occurrence and titres of AT(1A)-AAs increased significantly during the development of hypertension. In the four hypertensive groups studied, the occurrence of AT(1A)-AAs was most prominent in SHR, 2K1C and neural groups. The biological effects of AT(1A)-AAs were shown to increase the beating frequency of cultured neonatal myocardial and vascular contractile tension. It is suggested that autoimmune mechanisms are involved the pathogenesis of different types of hypertension and the AT(1A)-AAs may be one of the mechanisms leading to cardiac hypertrophy.
Animals ; Autoantibodies ; blood ; Desoxycorticosterone ; administration & dosage ; Hypertension ; classification ; etiology ; immunology ; physiopathology ; Hypertension, Renovascular ; immunology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Rats, Inbred WKY ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 ; immunology ; Stress, Physiological ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Tianma Gouteng recipe (TGR) on interfering left ventricular (LV) and aortic hypertrophy and tissue angiotensin II (Ang II) in rats with renovascular hypertension.

METHODThe animal model of renovascular hypertension was used in this experiment. Hypertensive rats were randomly allocated into model group, Enalapril group and TGR group, and the drugs were used for 6 weeks continuously. During this period, the blood pressure of rats was measured every two weeks. After rats were sacrificed, the wet weight, tissue Ang II level of LV and aorta, and the cardiac index were measured.

RESULTOne week after renovascular stenosis, the systolic blood pressure (SPS) of model group was increased by 37.4 mmHg, and 7 weeks after stenosis, the LV and aortic hypertrophy was obvious increased, meanwhile, tissue Ang II of LV and aorta was raised markedly (P < 0.01). Contrasting with the model group, blood pressure was reduced and the morphological index was improved in Enalapril group respectively (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); the wet weight of LV and aorta were reduced, the morphological index was improved, the rise of Ang II in tissue was suppressed, in TGR group significantly.

CONCLUSIONTGR can attenuate myocardial and aorta hypertrophy induced by renovascular hypertension, and suppress the rise of Ang II in tissue significantly. This suggests that TGR has the effects on interfering LV and aortic hypertrophy by an independent-antihypertensive way.

Angiotensin II ; metabolism ; Animals ; Antihypertensive Agents ; pharmacology ; Aorta ; metabolism ; pathology ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Enalapril ; pharmacology ; Gastrodia ; chemistry ; Hypertension, Renovascular ; complications ; physiopathology ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; etiology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Uncaria ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the safety and efficacy of endovascular therapy for renal artery stenosis.

METHODSPercutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty with stent (PTRAS) was performed on 33 consecutive patients with severe renal artery stenosis who suffered from poorly controlled hypertension or renal dysfunction. They were subsequently underwent 7 to 49 months clinical follow up for the effect of the procedure on renal function, blood pressure control, mortality.

RESULTSAngiographic success was obtained in 32 (97.0%) of the 33 patients. The mortality was 18.2%. After PTRAS, two (6.1%) died of myocardial infarction within 4 months. Four (12.1%) patients with preoperative serum creatinine (Scr) > or = 177 micromol/L died of uraemia within 17 approximately 28 months. Twelve and twenty-four months after the procedure, systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 26 (78.8%) cases with preoperative Scr < 177 micromol/L significantly decreased (P < 0.05), with less antihypertensive medications taken and satisfactory renal function.

CONCLUSIONFor patients without serious cardiorenal disease, PTRAS has a beneficial effect on blood pressure and renal function. For patients with serious cardiorenal disease or preoperative Scr > or = 177 micromol/L, the mortality is higher. PTRAS should be performed prudently. The preservation of renal function may be enhance by using renal protection device.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Angioplasty, Balloon ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertension, Renovascular ; etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Renal Artery Obstruction ; complications ; therapy ; Renal Insufficiency ; etiology ; Stents ; Treatment Outcome

The present study was to investigate the mRNA, protein expression and the activity of calcineurin in the hypertrophic heart, and to determine the effect of calcineurin inhibitor--cyclosporine A (CsA) on the regression of cardiac hypertrophy in renovascular hypertensive rats. Renovascular hypertension was induced by two kidney-one clip methods. Two months after the operation, cardiac hypertrophy was determined by histological analysis performed in some rats (2K1C-2M), then the rats were subdivided into 2 groups: (1) 3-month old two kidney-one clip group (2K1C-3M) with rats receiving 0.9% NaCl per day for one month, and (2) CsA-treated group with rats treated with CsA for one month. Sham-operated rats were used as control. The ratio of the left ventricular weight to tibial length (LVW/TL), the area of cardiac myocyte, mRNA and protein expression and the activity of calcineurin were determined. Both the LVW/TL and the cardiomyocyte area were significantly larger in 2K1C-2M and 2K1C-3M rats than in age-matched sham-operated rats. Treatment with CsA significantly attenuated the increase in the LVW/TL as well as the cardiomyocyte area. The mRNA, protein expression and the activity of calcineurin were significantly higher in 2K1C-2M and 2K1C-3M rats than those in the age-matched sham-operated rats, while the elevation of mRNA, protein expression and activity of calcineurin were significantly suppressed in the CsA-treated rats. In conclusion, calcineurin plays a role in the progression of cardiac hypertrophy in renovascular hypertensive rats. The inhibition of calcineurin can reverse cardiac hypertrophy.
Animals ; Calcineurin ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cyclosporine ; pharmacology ; Hypertension, Renovascular ; complications ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; etiology ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

AIMTo investigate the preventive and reversional effect of praeruptorum caumarin compound on left ventricular hypertrophy in renovascular hypertensive rats (RHR) and its mechanism.

METHODSThe two-kidney-one-clip (2K1C) RHR model was used. The blood pressure, wet weight of the left ventricle, surface area of myocardial cells, resting [Ca2+]i level and Na+, K(+)-ATPase, Ca2+, Mg(2+)-ATPase activity of myocardial membrane and mitochondria were measured.

RESULTSPraeruptorum caumarin 30 mg.kg-1.d-1 was given ig for 9 weeks from the 6th or 9th week after operation in the preventive or regressive group. The blood pressure, left ventricle wet weight and area of myocardial cells of the preventive and regressive group were significantly reduced than that of the LVH group. The resting [Ca2+]i of the both praeruptorum caumarin treated groups (121 +/- 13, 133 +/- 9 nmol.L-1) were lower than that of the LVH group (158 +/- 7 nmol.L-1). The KCl-induced [Ca2+]i elevation was decreased more significantly in preventive and regressive group than that of the hypertrophic myocytes. The activity of Na+, K(+)-ATPase and Ca2+, Mg(2+)-ATPase increased by 40% and 93% in the preventive group, 28.4% and 48.8% in regressive group than that of the LVH group.

CONCLUSIONPraeruptorum caumarin was shown to prevent and reverse hypertrophy of LVH by lowering [Ca2+]i and increasing the ATPase activity.

Animals ; Apiaceae ; chemistry ; Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase ; metabolism ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Cell Separation ; Coumarins ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hypertension, Renovascular ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; etiology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Mitochondria ; enzymology ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase ; metabolism